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Biomedical subjects

K Higuchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Higuchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

NC-1300, a proton-pump inhibitor, requires gastric acid to exert cytoprotection in rat gastric mucosa.

Effect of gastric acid suppression on the cytoprotective effect of a single dose of NC-1300 given intragastrically was studied. NC-1300 given intragastrically prevented gastric mucosal damage caused by absolute ethanol in rats in a dose-related manner, while the drug given subcutaneously did not. Pretreatment with NC-1300 given subcutaneously to suppress acid secretion abolished the protective effect of NC-1300 given intragastrically, but not in the presence of 0.1 N HCl. Repeated intragastric administration of NC-1300 for 7 days failed to prevent the ethanol damage. These results suggest that NC-1300 requires gastric acid to exert a protective effect against ethanol in rat gastric mucosa.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1993

Reduction of increased signal intensity in the basal ganglia on T1-weighted MR images during treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

A 61-year-old man with liver cirrhosis showed a symmetrical increase in the signal intensity of the basal ganglia on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, which was diminished after 3 months of treatment for hepatic encephalopathy. He recovered from encephalopathy with treatment, and liver dysfunction (hyperammonemia and abnormal blood coagulation) as well as the results of quantitative psychometric tests showed a marked improvement. The cause of these high signal intensity changes on T1-weighted images and the reason for their partial reversibility are not known, but hyperammonemia due to portal-systemic shunting might be closely related to these clinical observations.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1993

[Immunohistochemical study of c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product in prostatic cancer].

The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product is expressed in adenocarcinomas of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and its significance as a prognostic factor has been increasingly noted. We immunohistochemically studied the expression of c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product using anti-c-erbB-2 gene product polyclonal antibody (Nichirei), which was produced using a synthetic peptide at the C-terminal portion as the immunogen. The subjects consisted of 52 patients with prostatic cancer who were treated at the Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, from 1982 to 1990. The expression of c-erbB-2 gene was observed in 40 of the 52 patients (76.9%). The positive rate was highest in patients with poorly differentiated cancer and in stage D2 patients, but there were no significant differences in positive rates among patients with different histological types or clinical stages. The probability that progression would occur was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the group that tested positive for c-erbB-2 than in the group that tested negative among 33 stage D2 patients after 5 years of treatment. When cause specific survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, the group that tested positive had a significantly (p < 0.001) poorer outcome than the group that tested negative after 3 years and 6 months of treatment. The above results suggest that c-erbB-2 expression in prostatic cancer may be useful in predicting the prognosis of the disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

The prognostic value of the HNK-1 (Leu-7) antigen in prostatic cancer--an immunohistochemical study.

The anti-HNK-1 (Leu-7) monoclonal antibody (MAb) was revealed to be reactive with noncancerous and cancerous prostatic epithelial cells, although this antibody was originally found to be reactive against natural killer cells. However, the prognostic significance of HNK-1 antigen in prostatic cancer patients remains unknown. The expression of HNK-1 antigen on prostatic cancer was investigated immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method with the anti-HNK-1 monoclonal antibody. Of the 52 patients with prostatic cancer, 49 patients (94%) showed reactivity to anti-HNK-1 MAb and the immunoreaction was associated with the histological differentiation of prostatic cancer. Well differentiated cancer showed the highest percentage of positively stained cancer cells and poorly differentiated cancer showed the lowest percentage. No statistically significant differences existed between groups classified by stage, although the more advanced cancers tended to have weaker reactions. The five-year survival rate and interval free of progression were then studied using the Kaplan-Meier method on 33 patients with stage D2 disease who had received endocrine therapy. The findings indicated that a high survival rate and a longer interval free of progression were associated with a higher fraction of positively stained cancer cells. In conclusion, the expression of HNK-1 antigen on prostatic cancer may be a useful prognostic factor in patients with prostatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Genetic analysis of murine senile amyloidosis.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that not only the genotypes of apolipoprotein A-II, the precursor protein of murine senile amyloid fibrils, but also other genetic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of murine senile amyloidosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated the mode of inheritance of murine senile amyloidosis, using 12-month-old and 14-month-old F1, F2 hybrids and backcrosses between SAM-P/1 and SAM-R/1. In SAM-P/1, the senescence process is accelerated and senile amyloidosis is evident, whereas in SAM-R/1, there is a normal aging process and no evidence of senile amyloidosis. In SAM-P/1 and SAM-R/1, the genotypes of apolipoprotein A-II are Gln/Gln and Pro/Pro, respectively, identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A-II gene for the restriction enzyme Cfr13I. RESULTS: Among hybrids and backcrosses, no senile amyloidosis was observed histopathologically, in Pro/Pro-type strains. Mild senile amyloidosis sparing the liver and spleen was observed in a significant percentage of Pro/Gln-type strains. Practical senile amyloidosis involving the liver and spleen was observed in all of the Gln/Gln-type strains. Quantitative fluorometric analysis with thioflavine T (Naiki H, Higuchi K, Matsushima K, Shimada A, Chen W-H, Hosokawa M, et al. Lab Invest 1990;62:768-73) revealed that the degree of murine senile amyloid fibril deposition was significantly decreased in the Gln/Gln-type hybrid and backcross strains, as compared with findings in SAM-P/1 and the degree of manifestation of accelerated senescence was significantly lower in the Gln/Gln-type hybrid and backcross strains than in the SAM-P/1. CONCLUSIONS: Murine senile amyloidosis is linked to the molecular type of apolipoprotein A-II (i.e., Gln-type apolipoprotein A-II), and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant manner with incomplete penetrance. The severity of murine senile amyloidosis is far more advanced in Gln/Gln-type strains than in Pro/Gln-type strains. Other genetic factors that determine the manifestation of accelerated senescence, may significantly contribute to the degree of murine senile amyloidosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

[Dose escalation study of high dose etoposide in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Eight cases with poor prognosis hematological malignancies (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 6 cases; acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, 2 cases) and nine cases with non-hematological malignancies were treated with high dose etoposide (VP16) containing regimen followed by autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Results were as follows; 1) all of three chemotherapy sensitive relapse patients with hematological malignancies continue complete remission without any cyto-reductive therapy 2) one of four refractory relapse patients continue remission 3) partial anti-tumor effect was noted in non-hematological malignancies, however, only two cases continue complete remission. Remission duration of other responders was not so long. The results disclosed the dose-limiting factor of high-dose VP16 therapy as reversible stomatitis with no related mortality, and maximal tolerated dose appears to be 60 mg/kg over 72 hr with 45 mg/kg as a safe and recommended therapeutic dose in future clinical trial. The clinical effect of dose escalation was not clearly demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of coronary artery bypass grafting after unsuccessful PTCA in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosis].

For angina of effort in a 69-year-old male patient who had been on steroid for SLE for 7 years we performed PTCA. However, with no dilation obtained we were compelled to perform CABG. The left internal thoracic artery was anastomosed with seg. 12 and the left great saphenous vein was anastomosed sequentially with seg. 14 and seg. 4PL. Through coronary angiography performed at postoperative 2 months, the vein graft was found well patent but in the left internal thoracic artery 90%-stenosis was observed at the anastomosed part, for which PTCA was performed to have it dilated up to 25%. In patho-histological examinations, intimal hypertrophy was observed in both grafts, which seemed to suggest a possible risk factor to determine long-term prognosis. In cases of SLE, the frequency of occurrences of ischemic heart diseases is high, indicating probabilities to be taken up as serious complication from now on. Until now, however, there are few instances reported on performing CABG for patients with SLE. We are reporting here our studies of this particular case of SLE, discussing the involvement of steroids, angitis and lupus anticoagulants as causative factors of ischemic heart diseases and related issues of surgical treatments.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Production and properties of novel human thyroid cancer specific monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies (TCM-7, -9 and -12) against human thyroid differentiated cancers were established by screening with human thyroid cancers, normal and benign thyroid tissue, and normal human serum protein. A monoclonal antibody (TCM-9) with strong specificity for human thyroid cancer but not for Graves' disease, adenoma or normal thyroid, was shown to recognize a 300 K protein but not to bind to native or mature human thyroglobulin. When TCM-9 was used in immunohistochemical staining tests on more than 30 types of non-thyroid lesions, no reactivity of TCM-9 was observed except with skin immature teratoma, lip squamous carcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma, which revealed weak reactivities. TCM-9 also showed strong reactivity with two undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell lines and one tissue specimen. Thus TCM-9 is a novel monoclonal antibody against the thyroid cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Synaptic inhibition of accessory motoneurons evoked by stimulation of the trigeminal nerve in the cat.

Stimulation of the trigeminal nerve produced polysynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in accessory motoneurons of the cat. This contrasts with the observation that dorsal cervical motoneurons responded with EPSPs to trigeminal stimulus. Stimulation of the rostral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus elicited di- or polysynaptic IPSPs in accessory motoneurons. Transection of the anterior funiculus at the upper cervical cord selectively abolished the IPSPs. The IPSPs were antagonized by systematically administrated strychnine but not bicuculline.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1992

Afferent projections in the spinal accessory nerve to the facial motoneurons of the cat.

Stimulation of the accessory nerve evoked polysynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the facial nucleus (FN) neurons of anesthetized cats. From the experiments with severance of C1-C3 dorsal roots, it is suggested that accessory afferents enter the brainstem through the accessory nerve. It was also found that stimulation of the solitary tract nucleus produced exclusively monosynaptic EPSPs in the FN neurons and the afferent volleys are most likely to be relayed at the solitary tract nucleus.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization with epirubicin-lipiodol emulsion for hepatocellular carcinoma.

A total of 18 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated by transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with a 4'-epi-doxorubicin (EDX)-lipiodol emulsion. Infusion of the EDX-lipiodol emulsion (EDX-L) via the hepatic artery was followed by the injection of gelatin sponge in 12 cases. The response and survival of these 12 patients following EDX-L treatment were compared with those of 42 subjects treated with a doxorubicin-lipiodol emulsion (DX-L) and those of 23 patients treated by TAE with gelatin sponge (GS) only. In the group treated with EDX-L, nine cases were AFP-positive in sera and four showed a decrease in serum AFP values to less than 10% of the pretreatment level. Seven cases showed a partial response, and nine cases showed no change in the size of the tumor. In the group treated with EDX-L, nine cases are alive, and the oldest has survived for more than 431 days since the treatment. The half-year survival value was 57%, and the 1-year survival value was 49%. These values did not differ significantly from those calculated for the group treated with DX-L. The 1-year survival value determined for patients treated with a lipiodol emulsion (EDX-L or DX-L) followed by GS was 65%, and the 2-year survival value was 39%. These results rates are significantly better than those obtained in patients treated with GS only (1-year survival, 39%; 2-year survival, 13%.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Glial cyst of the pineal gland with characteristic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathological findings: report of two cases.

Two cases of glial cyst of the pineal gland are documented. Preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed cystic lesions of the pineal region with contrast enhancement of the walls, suggesting neoplastic lesions rather than true cysts. However, the histopathological examination of the resected specimens revealed the presence of glial tissue and normal structure of pineal gland and capsule, characteristics that were consistent with those of glial cysts of the pineal gland. Headache and visual disturbance were resolved after total removal of the cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland: sonographic findings.

We report high resolution sonographic (7.5 MHz) findings in four cases of undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Sonographic findings in these four cases included poorly marginated, hypoechoic masses associated with calcifications, and invasion of adjacent cervical structures. A knowledge of the sonographic features of undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland is of clinical importance, since the tumour has a grave prognosis, quite different from the relatively favourable prognosis of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of sofalcone on localization of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, an enzyme that metabolizes prostaglandin E2, in rat gastric mucosa: an immunohistochemical study.

We identified the cells containing 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-HPGD) in rat gastric mucosa and examined the effects of sofalcone on the localization of the enzyme by use of an immunohistochemical technique. Also, we investigated the effects of sofalcone on the localization of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Specific stainings for 15-HPGD and PGE2 were similarly observed in a granular pattern mainly in the cytoplasm of parietal and surface epithelial cells. The number of the stained cells for 15-HPGD, especially surface epithelial cells, decreased when rats were given sofalcone, with a concomitant increase in PGE2 staining. These results suggest that parietal and surface epithelial cells are responsible for the degeneration of PGE2 in the rat gastric mucosa, and that sofalcone increased the PGE2 level in the mucosa through inactivation of 15-HPGD in these cells, especially surface epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Early ultrastructural changes of surface epithelial cells isolated from rat gastric mucosa after exposure to ethanol with or without 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2.

Early ultrastructural changes of surface epithelial cells isolated from rat gastric mucosa caused by 15% ethanol were studied. The effect of 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (16,16-dimethyl-PGE2) on these changes was also examined. Findings by transmission electron microscopy showed ballooning and decreased density of mitochondria in addition to loss of microvilli and partial disruption of the surface cell membrane in cells exposed to 15% ethanol, although the nucleus looked normal. These ultrastructures were well preserved even after exposure to 15% ethanol when the cells were treated with 10(-6) M 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 beforehand. These results may indicate that the surface cell membrane and mitochondria are the major targets for early injury by ethanol and protection by 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 in surface epithelial cells. The mechanism by which 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 prevents the damage is not known.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical localization of cells that synthesize leukotriene B4 in human gastric mucosa.

We evaluated the cell location of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in human gastric mucosa by immunohistochemistry using a novel fixation procedure with 0.5% glutaraldehyde-8% paraformaldehyde followed by periodate-lysine-2% paraformaldehyde. The location of LTA4 hydrolase, which synthesizes LTB4, was also investigated in human gastric mucosa. Staining for LTB4 was mostly in a granular pattern in the cytoplasm of parietal and surface epithelial cells. LTB4 was also stained in some vascular endothelial cells and a few polymorphonuclear cells in the lamina propria. LTA4 hydrolase was similarly stained in these cells. These results suggest that parietal, surface epithelial, and vascular endothelial cells are the cells that synthesize LTB4 in the human gastric mucosa. Polymorphonuclear cells might also synthesize a smaller amount of LTB4.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

[A case of obstructive ileus following the upper Gi barium swallow study with condensed barium due to severe constipation].

A 64-year-old woman visited my clinic with complaints of abdominal distension, constipation, and nausea. Since abdominal X-ray showed severe obstructive ileus following the upper GI barium swallow study, the patient was sent immediately to Saga Medical School Hospital for the emergency operation. As the result of the left hemicolectomy, two obstructive lesions were found at the sigmoid colon and the transverse colon. Nowadays, as the population of aged people increases and Japanese diet changes, colon cancers are increasing more rapidly. Since the half of colon cancers doesn't have any clinical symptoms of obstruction, the upper GI barium swallow study with condensed barium might lead a patient to some type of dangerous situation.

Adenocarcinoma↗