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Biomedical subjects

K Hirano

Publications and source records attributed to K Hirano.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Involvement of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in cAMP-mediated relaxation in mice aorta: evaluation using transgenic mice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although vascular smooth muscle cells are known to express the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), its functional role has remained unclear, mainly because of its relatively low expression. We thus investigated the involvement of NCX in the mechanism for the forskolin-induced vaso-relaxation, using wild type (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice that specifically over-express NCX1.3 in smooth muscle. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We examined the relaxing effect of forskolin during the pre-contraction induced by 100 nM U46619, a thromboxane A2 analogue in the mouse isolated thoracic aorta. We also measured the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in fura-PE3-loaded aortic strips. KEY RESULTS: The forskolin-induced decreases in [Ca2+]i and tension were much greater in aortas from TG mice than in those from WT mice. In a low Na+ solution, forskolin-induced decreases in [Ca2+]i and tension were greatly inhibited in both groups of aortas. In WT aortas, the presence of 100 nM SEA0400, an NCX inhibitor, had only a little effect on the forskolin-induced decreases in [Ca2+]i, but inhibited the forskolin-induced relaxation. However, in TG aortas, the presence of SEA0400 greatly inhibited the forskolin-induced decreases in [Ca2+]i and tension. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The NCX was involved in the forskolin-induced reduction of [Ca2+]i and tension in the mouse thoracic aorta. Measurement of [Ca2+]i and tension in aortas of the TG mouse is thus considered to be a useful tool for evaluating the role of NCX in vascular tissue.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗

Involvement of de novo ceramide synthesis in radiocontrast-induced renal tubular cell injury.

We reported previously that various radiocontrast media cause apoptosis in porcine proximal tubular (LLC-PK(1)) cells, in which reduction in B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 expression and caspase-3 activation are implicated. In the present study, we investigated a role for ceramide in radiocontrast media-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells. LLC-PK(1) cells were exposed to radiocontrast media for 30 min, followed by incubation for 24 h in normal medium. Cell viability was assessed by 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt assay, while apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling stain. Immunofluorescent stains were performed using antibodies against phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) (pCREB), and ceramide. The mRNA expression and protein content of Bcl-2 were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. In vivo model of contrast-induced renal injury was induced in mice with unilateral renal occlusion. The cell injury induced by the nonionic radiocontrast medium ioversol was reversed by inhibiting de novo ceramide synthesis with fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) and L-cycloserine, but not by suppressing sphingomyelin breakdown with D609. FB(1) reversed ioversol-induced decrease in the immunoreactivities of pAkt and pCREB, reduction in Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activation. Like ioversol, C2 ceramide and the Akt inhibitor Src homology-6 induced apoptosis by reducing pAkt and pCREB-like immunoreactivities, lowering Bcl-2 expression and enhancing caspase-3 activity. Indeed, various radiocontrast media, excluding iodixanol which showed the least nephrotoxicity, enhanced ceramide-like immunoreactivity. The role for de novo ceramide synthesis was also shown in the in vivo model of radiocontrast nephropathy. We demonstrated here for the first time that the enhancement of de novo ceramide synthesis contributes to radiocontrast nephropathy.

Acetylglucosamine↗

High-rate pulmonary involvement in autoimmune pancreatitis.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has extrapancreatic complications such as Sjögren's syndrome, retroperitoneal fibrosis and sclerosing cholangitis. We studied 30 patients with AIP. Of these, we identified pulmonary involvement in four patients during follow up. Among them, two patients had respiratory failure. They showed good response to steroid therapy, but a higher dose of prednisolone was necessary to maintain remission than that required in biliary involvement. Elevation of immunoglobulin G(4) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels were characteristic of pulmonary involvement. They may be useful for early detection of pulmonary complication.

Aged↗

Protective effect of radical scavenger edaravone against puromycin nephrosis.

AIM: Recent studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in the pathogenesis of glomerular injury leading to proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome. In the present investigation, we examined the effects of the radical scavenger edaravone administered at various time points to rats with puromycin nephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 35 Wistar rats were divided into five groups: treatment with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) alone, treatment with PAN followed by edaravone in the early period, treatment with PAN followed by edaravone administration in the late period, treatment with PAN and administration of edaravone for the whole experimental period, and untreated controls. On Days 3, 6 and 9, urinary protein excretion was measured. The levels of glomerular thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBArs) were determined in all animals on Day 10. RESULTS: On Day 9, rats that had been administered edaravone showed reduced urinary protein excretion and reduced glomerular TBArs. In particular, edaravone administration in the late period, during which proteinuria was most acute, had the effect of reducing the severity of proteinuria. Glomerular TBArs were suppressed to the control level. Our results indicate that edaravone exerts a protective effect in the acute phase of PAN nephrosis when administered as antioxidant therapy at the onset of proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS: Edaravone can ameliorate urinary protein excretion after the onset of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome.

Animals↗

Lactoferrin Glu561Asp facilitates secondary amyloidosis in the cornea.

AIM: To elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of amyloid formation in corneal amyloidosis with trichiasis. METHODS: Ophthalmological examination was performed in nine patients to determine secondary corneal amyloidosis with trichiasis. Congo red staining and immunohistochemistry using anti-human lactoferrin antibody were used for biopsied corneal samples. For genetic analyses, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), direct DNA sequence analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) induced mutation restriction analysis (IMRA) were employed to detect lactoferrin gene polymorphism. RESULTS: All patients had had trichiasis at least for 1 year, and all amyloid-like deposits were found in one eye with trichiasis. Ophthalmological examination revealed that eight patients showed gelatinous type of amyloid deposition and one showed lattice type of amyloid deposition. Studies of biopsied corneal samples with Congo red stain revealed positive staining just under the corneal epithelial cells. Immunoreactivity of anti-human lactoferrin antibodies was recognised in all tissues with positive Congo red staining. Lactoferrin gene analysis revealed that seven patients were heterozygotic and two were homozygotic for lactoferrin Glu561Asp. The frequency of the polymorphism in the patients was significantly different from that in 56 healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION: Lactoferrin Glu561Asp is a key polymorphism related to facilitating amyloid formation in corneal amyloidosis with trichiasis.

Adolescent↗

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction after percutaneous tumour ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: aetiology and successful treatment with endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Percutaneous tumour ablation (PTA), such as ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation, is now recognised as a primary treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although PTA is a relatively safe procedure, it can cause biliary obstruction as a rare complication. As patients with cirrhosis undergoing surgery or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/sphincterotomy have a high mortality rate from bleeding, we adopted the use of endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation (EPBD) in these patients and now report the results. We retrospectively analysed the incidence of biliary obstruction after PTA and the efficacy of treatment with EPBD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1043 patients with HCC were treated by PTA, of whom 538 were treated with transarterial embolisation with up to eight years of follow up. RESULTS: There were 17 (1.6%) cases of hilar obstruction due to tumour progression and 35 (3.4%) cases of extrahepatic obstruction. Apart from the expected causes of biliary obstruction (haemobilia n = 11, gallstones n = 11, and three miscellaneous causes), we found that 10 patients had obstruction due to biliary casts. This is the first description of biliary casts after percutaneous tumour ablation therapy. Extrahepatic biliary obstruction by procedure related haemobilia occurred within three days of PTA while other causes occurred between 0 and 17 (average 4.9) months. Biliary casts occurred more frequently after ethanol injection than after radiofrequency ablation. EPBD successfully dissipated biliary obstruction in 33 of 35 cases, while two died due to hepatic failure despite successful drainage. CONCLUSIONS: Extrahepatic biliary obstruction is an uncommon complication after PTA for HCC, and can be safely and effectively treated with EPBD, despite impaired liver function.

Adult↗

Achievement of ultralow emittance beam in the accelerator test facility damping ring.

For high luminosity in electron-positron linear colliders, it is essential to generate low vertical emittance beams. We report on the smallest vertical emittance achieved in single-bunch-mode operation of the Accelerator Test Facility, which satisfies the requirement of the x-band linear collider. The emittances were measured with a laser-wire beam-profile monitor installed in the damping ring. The bunch length and the momentum spread of the beam were also recorded under the same conditions. The smallest vertical rms emittance measured at low intensity is 4 pm at a beam energy of 1.3 GeV, which corresponds to the normalized emittance of 1.0x1.0(-8) m. It increases by a factor of 1.5 for a bunch intensity of 10(10) electrons. The measured data agreed to the calculation of intrabeam scattering within much better than a factor of 2.

Journal Article↗

Decreased proteinuria following liver transplantation in a patient with type C liver cirrhosis complicated with nephrotic syndrome: a case report.

Type C liver cirrhosis is often associated with a nephrotic syndrome secondary to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Liver transplantation in such patients may sometimes worsen viremia, causing renal dysfunction upon the introduction of immunosuppressive drugs. We present a case of a patient whose proteinuria decreased after liver transplantation. The patient was a 49-year-old male who had been followed due to chronic hepatitis type C from 1984. From 1999 he was diagnosed as having nephrotic syndrome. We performed a living related liver transplant on August 21, 2001. An intraoperative renal biopsy revealed the histology to show membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The volume of proteinuria was 2 to 11 g/day before surgery. After surgery it varied from 6 to 10 g/day, gradually decreasing to 1 to 2 g/day. One of the causes of reduced proteinuria may be alleviation of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis by immunosuppression. But from the view that the recovery of the renal function followed the recovery of liver function, the major effect may have been alleviated hepatorenal syndrome.

Biopsy↗

Changes in serum LECT 2 levels during the early period of liver regeneration after adult living related donor liver transplantation.

We investigated changes in serum leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin2 (LECT2) levels between donors and recipients in the early period during liver regeneration following adult living related donor liver transplantation (LRDLT). Five recipients (three women, two men; 37.0 +/- 15.8 years old), all of whom had end-stage liver failure, underwent LRDLT from healthy five donors (two women, three men; 41.6 +/- 14.3 years old) between June 2000 and February 2001. FK506 and methylprednisolone were used as immunosuppressants for recipients. Serum LECT2 levels decreased immediately after both the hepatectomy in all donors and the implantation of liver graft in all recipients. Donors showed a nadir at 3 to 12 hours, increasing at 24 to 48 hours. The nadir in recipients occurred several hours after the donors. The serum LECT2 levels of donors were significantly higher than those of recipients on day 5 (9.5 +/- 5.9 ng/mL vs 3.1 +/- 2.2 ng/mL, P = .04) and on day 7 (9.3 +/- 3.8 ng/mL vs 3.5 +/- 1.1 ng/mL, P = .04). Serum GPT and GOT levels were inversely proportionate to the serum LECT2 levels. The present studies suggest that LECT2 participates in liver regeneration and injury following hepatectomy.

Adult↗

Serum LECT2 level as a prognostic indicator in acute liver failure.

In the present study, we investigated the relationship between serum leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin2 (LECT2) levels and liver function in patients with acute liver failure, and its use as a prognostic indicator. We studied six acute liver failure patients (two women, four men; 49.8 +/- 20.7 years old) admitted to our hospital in 2002. These patients had diagnoses of fulminant hepatitis due to acute liver failure (1) from congestive heart failure; (2) from portal venous gas, and (3) from postoperative disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We measured serum LECT2, GOT, and GPT levels, the last two being inversely proportionate to the serum LECT2 levels. When the serum GPT levels peaked, the serum LECT2 levels were the lowest. When the liver function recovered, serum LECT2 levels increased. Three of four patients died due to liver failure, one to congestive heart failure. Maximum serum LECT2 levels among the expired group were significantly lower than those among the alive group (0.96 +/- 0.8 ng/mL vs 12.9 +/- 4.3 ng/mL). Serum LECT2 levels may be a prognostic indicator of recovery from liver failure. The present study suggests that in clinical medicine LECT2 participates in regeneration after injury of hepatocytes.

Adult↗

Rapid progressive hepatitis C after liver transplantation: a case report.

A 56-year-old man on hemodialysis for 3 years because of chronic renal failure underwent living related donor liver transplantation (LRDLT) and splenectomy using the right hepatic lobe for liver cirrhosis type C (genotype 1b) with hepatocellular carcinoma. At 69 postoperative days (POD), he displayed a high fever and his blood transaminase and total bilirubin were increased. Based on finding in his liver biopsy, we diagnosed rapid recurrence of progressive hepatitis C after LRDLT, so we administered IFNbeta. Thereafter his liver function returned to normal and his HCV-mRNA decreased to 1200 kcopy/mL. We inferred that hemodialysis and splenectomy decreased his immunity, allowing rapidly progressive hepatitis C recurrence after LRDLT.

Adult↗

Effect of contrast media on vascular smooth muscle cells.

PURPOSE: In order to alleviate the adverse effects of contrast media (CMs) on the vascular system, the role of Ca2+ in the viability of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: VSMCs were obtained from swine thoracic aorta. The number of VSMCs was counted under a microscope using the trypan blue dye-exclusion method 24 h after culture in RPMI containing physiological saline (SAL) as control, iothalamate (IOT), or iohexol (IOH) at 10% by volume with CaCl2 added at 0 to 2.0 mmol/l. Free Ca2+ in the above media was measured using an ion-selective electrode. RESULTS: Free Ca2+ was 0.4 to 1.5 mmol/l with ionic IOT and 0.4 to 1.8 mmol/l with non-ionic IOH as well as with control. The ratio of viable cells grown in the presence of CMs to those grown in the control was optimal at approximately 0.60 near 1 mmol/l Ca2+ and decreased markedly to 0.00 at 1.5 mmol/l Ca2+ in the presence of IOT and to 0.39 at 1.8 mmol/l Ca2+ in the presence of IOH, while the ratios decreased gradually to 0.28 in the presence of IOT and 0.53 in the presence of IOH at 0.4 mmol/l Ca2+. CONCLUSION: Ionic IOT is more cytotoxic to VSMCs than non-ionic IOH. However, the cytotoxicity was minimal and similar between both CMs at 1 mmol/l Ca2+ in accordance with the sodium-calcium balance.

Animals↗

The role of oral sensorimotor function in masticatory ability.

In order to investigate the relationship between oral sensorimotor ability and masticatory function, an oral stereognosis ability (OSA) test, masticatory performance and efficiency was employed for 15 dentate subjects. Subjects were instructed to orally identify OSA test pieces blindly. The response score and sum of the duration time for identification were used for analysis as OSA score and OSA response time. Masticatory function was evaluated using a sieving method with 3 g of peanuts. Masticatory performance was calculated with the weight percentage of portions finer than 1700 microm by the total volume after 20 chewing strokes. Masticatory efficiency was calculated by the declination rate of median particle size which is defined by the Rosin-Rammler equation. To analyse the relationship between OSA variables and masticatory ability, the correlation coefficient was calculated. The results summarized as a significant correlation was found only between OSA score and masticatory efficiency. However, a significant correlation could not be found between other OAS variables and masticatory ability. It was revealed that positive correlation existed between oral stereognosis ability and masticatory ability. It was suggested that the role of oral sensorimotor function might affect the masticatory function.

Adult↗

A prospective randomised study of "covered" versus "uncovered" diamond stents for the management of distal malignant biliary obstruction.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Covered self-expandable metal stents (EMS) were recently developed to overcome tumour ingrowth in conventional EMS. However, supporting evidence for the efficacy of covered EMS is lacking. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 112 patients with unresectable distal biliary malignancies. They were randomly assigned to polyurethane covered (n = 57) or original diamond stent (n = 55). RESULTS: Stent occlusion occurred in eight patients (14%) after a mean of 304 days in the covered group, and in 21 patients (38%) after a mean of 166 days in the uncovered group. The incidence of covered EMS occlusion was significantly lower than that of uncovered EMS (p = 0.0032). The cumulative stent patency of covered stents was significantly higher than that of uncovered stents (p = 0.0066). No tumour ingrowth occurred in the covered group while it was observed in 15 patients in the uncovered group. In subgroup analysis, the cumulative patency of the covered EMS was significantly higher in pancreatic cancer (p = 0.0363) and metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.0354). There was no significant difference in survival between the two groups. Acute cholecystitis was observed in two of the covered group and in none of the uncovered group. Mild pancreatitis occurred in five of the covered group and in one of the uncovered group. CONCLUSIONS: Covered diamond stents successfully prevented tumour ingrowth and were significantly superior to uncovered stents for the treatment of patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction. However, careful attention must be paid to complications specific to covered self-expandable metal stents, such as acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗