[Adaptation of English-written health-related quality of life measure for children].
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
K Honma
Publications and source records attributed to K Honma.
[Large malignant mesenchymoma of the left posterior mediastinum; report of a case].
Malignant mesenchymoma is a soft tissue tumor arising preferentially in the extremities and retroperitoneum. We report a case of primary malignant mesenchymoma of the left posterior mediastinum. A 24-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for complaining of cough. Chest X-ray showed a giant mass occupying the 2/3 of the left hemithorax. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a lobulated large mass with fat density area and calcified spot in the mediastinum and left pleural space. Chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large solid mass consisting mainly of areas with the same intensity as fatty tissue and partly of areas with heterogenous moderate intensity. The tumor was resected completely under left posterolateral thoracotomy. The pathologic diagnosis was malignant mesenchymoma; well differentiated liposarcoma with osteocartilagenous differentiation. The patient has been well for 3 years and 3 months after surgery.
Adult↗
Impaired circadian rhythm of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with multiple system atrophy.
In order to evaluate gastric motility and its circadian rhythm in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and healthy control subjects, we measured gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) for 24 hours using a cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) recorder in 14 MSA patients and 9 age-matched controls. We analyzed six 10-minute segments of EGG before and after each meal and two 20-minute EGG segments during sleep; three parameters were used for the analysis: dominant frequency (DF), instability coefficient of dominant frequency (ICDF), and dominant power (DP). DF increased during daytime and decreased during sleep in the control, while this circadian variation was blunted in the patients with MSA. The average DF of the eight segments in the MSA patients did not differ from that of the control. Both MSA patients and control subjects did not show the circadian variation of ICDF and DP. The average ICDF of the eight segments in the patients with MSA was significantly decreased when compared with that of the control (p < 0.01). No differences were observed in DP between the two groups. This study indicates that the healthy subjects appear to have a circadian rhythm of DF, and the patients with MSA appear to have impaired circadian rhythm of DF and decreased ICDF possibly due to the degeneration of the central autonomic neurons.
Circadian Rhythm↗
Prime-boost vaccination with plasmid DNA and a chimeric adenovirus type 5 vector with type 35 fiber induces protective immunity against HIV.
Immunization involving a DNA vaccine prime followed by an adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) boost elicited a protective immune response against SHIV challenge in monkeys. However, the hepatocellular tropism of Ad5 limits the safety of this viral vector. This study examines the safety and immunogenicity of a replication-defective chimeric Ad5 vector with the Ad35 fiber (Ad5/35) in BALB/c mice and rhesus monkeys. This novel Ad5/35 vector showed minimal hepatotoxicity after intramuscular administration with the novel Ad5/35 vector. In addition, an Ad5/35 vector expressing HIV Env gp160 protein (Ad5/35-HIV) generated strong HIV-specific immune responses in both animal models. Priming with a DNA vaccine followed by Ad5/35-HIV boosting yielded protection against a gp160-expressing vaccinia virus challenge in BALB/c mice. The Ad5/35-HIV vector was significantly less susceptible to the pre-existing Ad5 immunity than a comparable Ad5 vector. These findings indicate that an Ad5/35 vector-based HIV vaccine may be of considerable value for clinical use.
AIDS Vaccines↗
Tannerella forsythia-induced alveolar bone loss in mice involves leucine-rich-repeat BspA protein.
Tannerella forsythia (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) is one of the periodontal pathogens recently implicated in the development of periodontal disease. The cell-surface-associated, as well as the secreted, leucine-rich-repeat protein (BspA) of this bacterium have been suggested to play roles in bacterial adherence, and also in inflammation, by triggering release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from monocytes and chemokines from osteoblasts, leading to inflammation and bone resorption. In this study, we sought to determine the pathogenic potential of T. forsythia and the in vivo role of the BspA protein in pathogenesis in the mouse model of infection-induced alveolar bone loss. The results showed alveolar bone loss in mice infected with the T. forsythia wild-type strain, whereas the BspA mutant was impaired. In conclusion, evidence is presented in support of T. forsythia as an important organism involved in inducing alveolar bone loss, and the BspA protein is an important virulence factor of this bacterium.
Alveolar Bone Loss↗
Clock gene expression in the submandibular glands.
Clock genes, which mediate molecular circadian rhythms, are expressed in a circadian fashion in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and in various peripheral tissues. To establish a molecular basis for circadian regulation in the salivary glands, we examined expression profiles of clock-related genes and salivary gland-characteristic genes. Clock-related genes-including Per1, Per2, Cry1, Bmal1, Dec1, Dec2, Dbp, and Reverbalpha-showed robust circadian expression rhythms in the submandibular glands in 12:12-hour light-dark conditions. In addition, a robust circadian rhythm was observed in amylase 1 mRNA levels, whereas the expression of other salivary-gland-characteristic genes examined was not rhythmic. The Clock mutation resulted in increased or decreased mRNA levels of Per2, Bmal1, Dec1, Dec2, and Dbp, and in Cry1-/- background, Cry2 disruption also increased or decreased mRNA levels of these clock-related genes and the amylase 1 gene. These findings indicate that the Clock- and Cry-dependent molecular clock system is active in the salivary glands.
ARNTL Transcription Factors↗
[Successful removal of T4 lung cancer with left atrial invasion after induction chemotherapy].
A 53-year-old man presented with cough, sputa and chest pain. The chest X-ray revealed a large mass shadow in the right lower lobe. Massive tumor extending into the left atrium was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). The brushing cytology by broncoscopy was squamous cell carcinoma and its stage was IIIB. Chemothrapy using cisplatin, paclitaxel and gemcitabine hydrochloride was performed 8 courses during 6 months. The effect of the chemotherapy was complete response, enabling the surgical treatment. The right pneumonectomy with partial resection of the left atrium was performed by using vascular clamp. The defect of the left atrium could be sutured directly. Wide-spread necrotic change with very small amount of cancer cells in the atrial wall was confirmed by pathology. The patient has been well for 3 years and 6 months after surgery.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
A comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of essential oils against oral pathogens.
Cariogenic bacteria and periodontopathic bacteria are present in dental plaque as biofilms. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of essential oils on the following oral bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus. We tested manuka oil, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, lavandula oil, and romarinus oil and determined their minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The essential oils inhibited the growth of the bacteria tested, manuka oil being the most effective. Minimum bactericidal concentration values showed that lavandula oil acts bacteriostatically, and the remaining oils, bactericidally. Periodontopathic bacterial strains tested were killed completely by exposure for 30 s to 0.2% manuka oil, tea tree oil or eucalyptus oil. Tea tree oil and manuka oil showed significant adhesion-inhibiting activity against P. gingivalis. All the essential oils tested inhibited the adhesion of S. mutans. This study showed that, among the essential oils tested, manuka oil and tea tree oil in particular had strong antibacterial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. From the viewpoint of safety, we also examined the effects of these essential oils on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and found that, at a concentration of 0.2%, they had little effect on cultured cells.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
Expression of c-kit protein in proliferative lesions of human breast: sexual difference and close association with phosphotyrosine status.
PURPOSE: The c-kit gene which codes transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor protein plays an important role in several types of normal and/or neoplastic human tissues. We examined the expression patterns of c-kit protein in proliferative lesions of human breast tissues in both sexes. METHODS: The localization of c-kit protein was examined immunohistochemically in human breast, consisting of 366 normal tissue, 156 benign lesions (fibroadenoma, fibrocystic change, intraductal papilloma, benign phyllodes tumor, and gynecomastia), 13 borderline diseases (atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and borderline malignant phyllodes tumor), and 197 malignant lesions (non-invasive and/or invasive ductal carcinoma and malignant phyllodes tumor). RESULTS: In normal tissues and benign proliferative lesions, c-kit product was consistently detected on epithelial cell membranes and/or cytoplasms regardless of gender difference. In contrast, we failed to find c-kit product in female borderline epithelial lesions, including atypical lobular hyperplasia, or in female malignant lesions, except for two carcinomas. In situ hybridization analysis of c-kit mRNA in female tissues gave results comparable to those obtained by immunohistochemistry. On the other hand, c-kit product was consistently detected in male benign and malignant proliferative lesions. Apart from the female breast carcinomas which lacked c-kit, c-kit expression was almost always accompanied by positivity for phosphotyrosine in the breast tissues examined, suggesting possible phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of the c-kit receptor protein. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of c-kit product was related to malignant transformation in female breast, but not in the case of male breast. We suggest that the oncogenesis pathway of breast epithelium is different between males and females in terms of c-kit expression.
Breast↗
Malignant melanoma of mandibular gingiva; the usefulness of fat-saturated MRI.
Case report of a histologically validated malignant melanoma affecting the mandibular molar gingiva in a 31-year-old woman. Tumour was evaluated by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5-T, spin-echo 3 mm slice thickness with T1-weighted and fat-saturated T1-weighted images. The fat-saturated T1-weighted images demonstrated the lesion more clearly than conventional T1-weighted images.
Adult↗
Fatty acid synthase is highly expressed in carcinoma, adenoma and in regenerative epithelium and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach.
AIMS: To investigate the relation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression to the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancers and gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: FAS expression was examined immunohistochemically in 626 gastric cancers, 51 gastric adenomas, and non-neoplastic epithelium contiguous with cancer tissue including normal foveolae, intestinal metaplasia, regenerative epithelium, and gastric glands. FAS expression was found in more than 70% of gastric cancers. Interestingly, it occurred preferentially in differentiated carcinomas, male cases, and in patients over 51 years old. Although previous reports showed that FAS expression is closely related to cancer progression, in gastric cancers FAS expression had no relationship with prognosis, cancer progression as indicated by depth of invasion, venous and lymphatic permeation, and distant metastasis. Gastric tubular adenoma and intestinal metaplasia, which are thought to be associated with well-differentiated gastric carcinomas, showed a frequency of FAS expression similar to that of differentiated carcinomas; however, normal foveolae and gastric glands showed no or less FAS expression. CONCLUSIONS: FAS expression occurs at the early stage of tumorigenesis and plays important roles in the formation of precancerous foci rather than in the progression of carcinoma of the stomach.
Adenoma↗
Atelocollagen-based gene transfer in cells allows high-throughput screening of gene functions.
We have previously demonstrated that Atelocollagen, used clinically for wound healing, is a reliable safe carrier for gene delivery. To obtain phenotypic changes by gene expression of cDNA, we developed an efficient technique for high-throughput gene transfer and expression screening in mammalian cells in microarrays by precoating a microplate with an Atelocollagen complexed with cDNA to which cells are then seeded. The complexes with a nanoparticle form were efficiently transduced into cells without use of any additional transfection reagent, and they allowed for long-term gene expression without apparent chromosomal integration. The complex spotted onto the well of a microplate was stable for a long period and allowed the cells to transduce and express reporter genes in a dose-dependent manner. We also showed that the present method using Atelocollagen-based gene transfer is applicable to gene medicines such as antisense ODNs and adenovirus vectors. These results suggest that Atelocollagen may be appropriate for general use in high-throughput screening of large sets of gene medicines for functional analyses in mammalian cells.
Adenoviridae↗
Expression of glucose transporter-1 in human gastric carcinoma: association with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and patient survival.
BACKGROUND: Malignant cells show increased glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo, which is believed to be facilitated by glucose transporters (Gluts). Expression of Glut1, one of the Gluts, has been described in malignancies of the esophagus, colon, pancreas, lung, and brain, but to the authors' knowledge the significance of Glut1 expression in human gastric carcinoma has not been elucidated. The objective of the current study was to examine the expression and distribution of Glut1 and its relation to clinicopathologic parameters in patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry with anti-Glut1 antibody was performed on 617 gastric carcinomas and 50 tubular adenomas of the stomach. Glut1-positive and Glut1-negative carcinomas were analyzed for their clinicopathologic characteristics including histologic subtype, depth of invasion, vascular permeation, lymph node and hepatic metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, and prognosis. RESULTS: None of the adenomas expressed Glut1, whereas 182 of 617 carcinomas (29.5%) were positive for the protein. Signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma rarely were positive (2.0% and 6.3%, respectively) and papillary adenocarcinoma (44%) showed slightly higher positivity for Glut1 than tubular (32%) or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (28%). Glut1-positive tumor cells were localized mainly in the central part of tumor nests with or without peripheral distribution (92%) but peripheral distribution alone was very limited (8%) (P = 0.0001). Glut1 positivity was associated with depth of invasion (P = 0.0001), lymphatic permeation (P = 0.0001), venous invasion (P = 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0001), hepatic metastasis (P = 0.0001), and carcinoma stage (P = 0.0001). However, peritoneal dissemination was not found to be associated with Glut1 positivity (P = 0.0833). The survival of patients who had tumors that expressed Glut1 was significantly shorter than that of patients with Glut1-negative tumors (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In human gastric carcinoma, Glut1 is expressed late in carcinogesis and increases with disease progression. Glut1 expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness and patient survival.
Adult↗
Superconductivity of ternary silicide with the AlB(2)-type structure Sr(Ga(0.37),Si(0.63))(2).
A ternary silicide Sr(Ga(0.37),Si(0.63))(2) was synthesized by a floating zone method. Electron diffraction and powder x-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the silicide has the AlB(2)-type structure with the lattice constants of a = 4.1427(6) A and c = 4.7998(9) A, where Si and Ga atoms are arranged in a chemically disordered honeycomb lattice and Sr atoms are inercalated between them. The silicide is isostructural with the high-temperature superconductor MgB(2) reported recently. Electrical resistivity and dc magnetization measurements revealed that it is a type-II superconductor with onset temperature of 3.5 K.
Journal Article↗
Study of inflammatory responses to crocidolite and basalt wool in the rat lung.
The subacute effects of crocidolite and basalt wool dusts were studied by nmeans of biochemical, morphological. and histological methods 1 and .3 mo after intrabronchial instillation. The cell count, protein and phospholipid contents, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Both types of fibers induced a prolonged inflammatory reaction in the lung. All the parameters studied in the experimental groups were more markedly elevated after 3 mo. Relative to the control, the protein and LDH values were increased three- to fivefold, the phospholipid content twofold, and the number of free cells in the BAL exceeded the control level up to ninefold. The inflammatory responses to crocidolite and basalt wool in the lung did not differ significantly. In spite of this, basalt wool is recoinmended as an asbestos substitute, as the use of this man-nade fiber may result in a significantly lower release of dust than that from crocidolite.
Animals↗
Clock gene expressions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other areas of the brain during rhythm splitting in CS mice.
The CS mouse is a mutant strain which displays spontaneous splitting in the circadian locomotor rhythm under continuous darkness. To clarify whether the rhythm splitting occurs in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) where the mammalian circadian clock is located, the circadian rhythmicities of mammalian clock genes, mPer1, mBMAL1 and mClock, were examined in the SCN and cerebral cortex during rhythm splitting. The circadian profiles of the clock genes during rhythm splitting were essentially the same as those observed under unsplit conditions. However, the mPer1 gene expression throughout the day was bimodal in the piriform and cingulate cortices, peaking in correspondence with two split components of behavioral rhythm. These results indicate that the circadian profiles of three clock gene expressions in the SCN are not consistent with the overt circadian locomotor rhythm, suggesting that the site of rhythm splitting is somewhere outside the SCN, or alternatively different subregions or other clock genes in the SCN are involved in rhythm splitting.
ARNTL Transcription Factors↗
Vascular tumor in the mediastinum.
Mediastinal venous hemangioma is a very rare neoplasm. Here, we describe our experience in treating a patient demonstrating such a tumor. The patient, a 23-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital because of a mediastinal cyst. A biopsy of the cystic wall was performed by Video-Assisted-Thoracic-Surgery, in April 1999. Clear serous fluid was found in the cyst, and it was thus incorrectly diagnosed to be a thymic cyst. The cyst continued to increase in size, and the patient began to show an increased temperature after being discharged. A resection of the tumor was performed in June 1999. The cyst was filled with bloody fluid and, according to the pathological analysis, was diagnosed to be a mediastinal venous hemangioma.
Adult↗
Quantitative trait locus analysis of abnormal circadian period in CS mice.
CS mice show a free-running period (tau) longer than 24 h and rhythm splitting in constant darkness (DD). These features in behavioral circadian rhythms are distinctive as compared with other inbred strains of mice, which exhibit robust free-running rhythms with T shorter than 24 h. To identify the genes affecting tau, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was initially conducted by using 289 F2 mice derived from a cross between CS and C57BL/6J strain. A suggestive QTL (LOD = 3.71) with CS allele increasing tau was detected on the distal region of Chromosome (Chr) 19. Next, using 192 F2 mice from a cross between CS and MSM strain, the presence of the QTL on Chr 19 was examined, and we confirmed the QTL at the genome-wide significant level (LOD = 4.61 with 10.4% of the total variance explained). This QTL was named long free-running period (Lfp). Three other suggestive QTLs (LOD = 3.24-4.28) were mapped to the midportion of Chr 12 in (CSxC57BL/6J)F2 mice, and to the proximal and middle region of Chr 19 in (CSxMSM)F2 mice, respectively, of which, CS alleles for two QTLs on Chr 19 have the effect of lengthening tau. None of these QTLs were mapped to the chromosomal regions of previously described QTLs for tau and known clock genes (Clock, mPer1, Bmal1, mCrv1, mCry2, mTim, and Csnk1e).
Animals↗