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Biomedical subjects

K Horibe

Publications and source records attributed to K Horibe.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Clinical evaluation of brain scintigrams for basal midline lesions (author's transl)].

Brain scintigrams with 8-10 mci of pertechnetate were studied refering to surgical, histological and other neuroradiological findings in 91 cases with diagnosis or suspect of basal midline lesions. Anterior view of 45 cases was stored in high speed magnetic tape, displayed on CRT of our data processing system and studied of the ratio of average count for regions of interest, 2 cm x 2 cm in size, placed on the areas of lesion, the sagittal sinus and the normal brain hemispheres. In 18 pituitary adenomas, excluding acromegaly and other intrasellar lesions, 89% of cases with surgical indication for optic nerve symptoms were reported as abnormal scintigrams. In 20 craniopharyngiomas, 11 positive cases consisted mainly of solid, recurrent or thick cystic tumors. Five of 6 ectopic pinealomas and all 6 parasellar or medial sphenoidal ridge meningiomas showed positive uptake. Average counts of the regions of interest placed on tumor areas were 169.4% of normal hemispheric areas in 9 pituitary adenomas, 192.5% in 3 solid craniopharyngiomas, 192.3% in 6 meningiomas and 193.3% in ectopic pinealomas. The difference in the average ratio of the lesion count to the normal hemispheric count was statistically significant between cystic craniopharyngioma and adenoma, ectopic pinealoma, meningioma, glioma and solid craniopharyngioma, and between adenoma and acromegaly with p less than 0.005, and between solid craniopharyngioma and acromegaly, and between glioma and acromegaly with p less than 0.025. In the ratio of the lesion count to the sagittal sinus count, on the other hand, the difference of the average ratio was significant with p less than 0.005, only between cystic craniopharyngioma and ectopic pinealoma, and between cystic and solid craniopharyngioma. These facts suggested that the sagittal sinus count was unsuitable to be the standard count of an anterior scintigram to compare with basal midline count. The routine Polaroid scintigram with Tc99m pertechnetate proved their useful clinical diagnostic value for various basal midline lesions, the size of which indicated the surgical procedures. The digital analysis of anterior scintigrams supported the clinical value of the routine brain scintigram in the detection of these lesions. The ratio of the average count of the basal midline lesion to the normal brain area on the anterior scintigram presents more useful clinical information than the ratio of the lesion to the sagittal sinus count. Brain scintigram is found to be very helpful for the differential diagnosis between solid and cystic sellar tumors which is very important for the decision of surgical indications, and is not always possible by any other conventional neuroradiological procedures.

Acromegaly↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Membrane permeabilization induced by discodermin A, a novel marine bioactive peptide.

The effects of discodermin A (DC-A), a novel marine bioactive peptide extracted from sea sponge Discodermia kiiensis, on the vascular smooth muscle cells and tissues were examined. Analysis with a confocal laser microscope showed that DC-A (0.1-30 microM) permeabilized the plasma membrane of A10 cells to the non-permeable fluorescent agents, ethidium homodimer-1 (MW = 857) and calcein (MW = 623), in a concentration-dependent manner. In the vascular tissue treated with 30 microM DC-A, addition of a micromolar concentration of Ca(2+) evoked a sustained contraction in the presence of ATP, suggesting that DC-A increased the permeability of the membrane to Ca(2+) and ATP. DC-A at higher concentrations (30 microM) significantly increased the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (140 kD) from the vascular tissue. These results suggest that DC-A has a permeabilizing effect on the plasma membrane possibly by interacting with plasma membrane phospholipids with its six successive hydrophobic amino acid residues at N-terminal.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous monitoring of blood volume in double filtration plasmapheresis.

A continuous hematocrit (HCT) monitor, Crit-Line, was introduced to examine the change in patients' blood volume (BV) due to albumin loss during double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) treatments. Nine patients with autoimmune diseases or ABO incompatible renal transplantation received 15 DFPP treatments under Crit-Line monitoring. In these patients, plasma albumin concentration (C(P)) changed from 3.7 +/- 0.6 g/dl to 3.5 +/- 0.5 g/dl and HCT from 28.7% +/- 3.3% to 31.3% +/- 4.3% (change ratio [CR] of BV = -8.1%) during treatment with albumin concentrations (C(S)) of 9.5 +/- 1.0 g/dl and 500 ml volumes (V(S)) of supplementation fluid. Although the apparent CR value of C(P) was -5.3%, on average, the CR of albumin in the patients' plasma (M(P)) was -16.1%, which means a corrected CR value of C(P) by the HCT value to eliminate the influence of the patient's blood volume contraction during treatment. Albumin loss usually occurred in DFPP treatments. The decrease in BV was induced by an oncotic pressure drop due to albumin loss, and often resulted in a blood pressure drop. The amount of albumin loss during DFPP treatments strongly depends on sieving coefficients of the plasma separator (SC(PS)) and the plasma fractionator (SC(PF)), the filtration fraction of the plasma fractionator (FF(PF)), pretreatment C(P) value, and C(S) and V(S) values of the supplementation fluid. To determine the optimum C(S) and V(S) values for each patient, the authors introduced a variable blood volume model for albumin transport in DFPP. In this model, changes in C(P), HCT, and BV values could be estimated during treatment. For example, a patient with an HCT of 31.2%, body weight of 61.1 kg, and pretreatment C(P) of 4.4 g/dl received a DFPP treatment using a plasma separator, OP-05 (SC(PS) of 0.99), and a plasma fractionator, Evaflux 2A (SC(PF) of 0.40), under FF(PF) of 0.8 with a V(S) of 500 ml. A value for C(S) of about 10 g/dl is required for the patient to maintain a normal C(P) level during treatment by an estimation from the model. As a result of the treatment with a C(S) of 10 g/dl, the patient had no adverse reactions, such as a blood pressure decrease, during treatment under these conditions.

Blood Volume↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral metastases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in an infant with multiple skin nodules.

PURPOSE: This report describes extremely rare cases of infantile rhabdomyosarcoma with multiple skin nodules. They are of interest not only for their anatomic sites, but also for subsequent cerebral metastases with sudden cranial hypertension. PATIENTS: Two infants had multiple skin nodules and excisional biopsy revealed alveolar type rhabdomyosarcomas. The patients were treated with tumor resection and combined chemotherapy without any clinical progression for 9 and 16 months, respectively. RESULTS: Evidence of cerebral metastases developed with sudden vomiting and convulsion as the first manifestation. In one patient, urgent radiographic examinations failed to reveal lesions except for dilated cerebral ventricles. Seven weeks after the onset of the neurologic symptoms, only Gd-DPTA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple punctate metastatic lesions hyperintense to the surrounding cerebral tissue. Despite appropriate chemotherapy, both patients had disease progression and died of central nervous system metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The authors emphasize the need to recognize the multiple cutaneous presentation of infantile rhabdomyosarcoma and the association of cerebral metastases as a potential and fatal complication. The diagnosis is facilitated by Gd-DPTA-enhanced MRI, particularly when cerebral computed tomography scans fail to disclose metastatic lesions.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic significance of TEL/AML1 fusion transcript in childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PURPOSE: A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the prognostic significance of TEL/AML1 fusion resulting from a cryptic t(12;21) in Japanese patients with childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leukemic samples from 144 children with newly diagnosed ALL (104 with CD10-positive B-precursor ALL, 11 with CD10-negative B-precursor ALL, 5 with B-ALL, and 24 with T-ALL) were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The frequency of patients with TEL/AML1 was 16% (23 of 144) and all patients with TEL/AML1 also had CD10-positive B-precursor ALL. TEL/AML1 was not found in any samples from the patients with T-ALL, B-ALL, or CD10-negative B-precursor ALL. Among patients with CD10-positive B-precursor ALL, age, initial white blood cell count, and immunophenotype did not differ with TEL/AML1 positivity, although the patients were predominantly male (p < 0.01). Clinical outcomes of 94 patients treated with recent protocols were analyzed. Five of the 21 (23.8%) patients with TEL/AML1 relapsed and 4 of these relapsed > 24 months after diagnosis. Although the overall 5-year survival rate was better among patients with TEL/AML1 fusion transcript than among those without it (87.3 +/- 8.7% versus 75.9 +/- 5.8%, respectively), the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of patients with TEL/AML1 fusion transcript and those without it were similar (64.0 +/- 13.5% versus 69.1 +/- 6.3%, respectively). However, for 57 patients treated with the latest intensive protocol, the 4-year DFS rate was much higher for the patients with TEL/AML1 fusion transcript than for those without it (100.0% v.s. 69.6 +/- 8.4%, respectively, p = 0.1472). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that TEL/AML1 gene fusion is the most common genetic event in pediatric ALL in Japan and is restricted to CD10-positive B-precursor ALL. Moreover, it was associated with an improved survival rate among patients treated with intensive therapy. Therefore, these data suggest that the patients with TEL/AML1 may not necessarily be candidates for less aggressive treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the endotoxin retention capabilities of inline intravenous filters.

The capabilities of inline filters to retain bacteria and endotoxin were examined during simulated extended infusions for up to 168 hr. The tested inline filters were the ELD96 (Pall Biomedical Corp) and the IVEX 2 (Millipore Corp). Approximately 1 x 10(8) total cells of Escherichia coli B. were challenged to the upstream site of the filter. The test solution of 5% dextrose in water, 0.9% saline, Paremental A (A basic solution for total parenteral nutrition (TPN), a TPN solution in use in our clinic were infused continuously up to 168 hr and flow rate was maintained at 83 ml/hr. The effluents were analyzed using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test to detect endotoxin and also passage of the challenged bacteria was tested at 24-hr intervals over 168 hr. The results were as follows: (1) The viability control culture showed the presence of viable bacteria throughout the 168-hr period of the experiment. (2) During the experiments, all filters produced sterile effluents. (3) LAL assay indicated that only the effluents from the ELD96 contained no detectable endotoxin for 168 hr.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alteration of whole-body protein kinetics according to severity of surgical trauma in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition.

This study was conducted to clarify the mechanisms of body nitrogen losses according to the severity of surgical trauma. Thirteen male patients who underwent operation for esophageal cancer (group E), and 11 men (who underwent gastric or colorectal surgeries (group GC) were studied. The measurement of whole-body protein turnover, synthesis, and breakdown were made preoperatively on the 3rd and 10th postoperative day with constant infusion of [15N]glycine during isocaloric and isonitrogenous total parenteral nutrition. Significant increases in the rates of whole-body protein turnover (flux) and breakdown were seen in group E on the 3rd postoperative day (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01, respectively), whereas the increases were not significant in group GC. The rates of whole-body protein flux and breakdown were significantly greater in group E than group GC (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01, respectively). The rate of protein synthesis significantly increased in group E (p less than 0.05), but did not alter or slightly decreased in group GC. The rates of whole-body protein flux and breakdown in group E were still significantly greater on the 10th postoperative day than preoperatively. It was concluded that unchanged or slightly decreased rates of whole-body protein synthesis with slightly increased breakdown were seen in the group of patients who underwent gastric or colorectal surgery, whereas synthesis increased significantly with a greater increase of breakdown in patients receiving severe surgical procedures, esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Adult↗