[Using nursing diagnosis. Function of nursing made clear by nursing diagnosis].
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
K Hosoi
Publications and source records attributed to K Hosoi.
Bradykinin-stimulated transient modulation of epidermal growth factor receptors in A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells.
Of nine biological factors (ATP, bradykinin, vasopressin, substance P, angiotensin II, norepinephrine, epinephrine, 12-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), and A23187 calcium ionophore) examined, bradykinin, as well as ATP, TPA, and A23187, significantly increased the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and reduced the binding of EGF to their high-affinity site. The reduction in EGF binding by bradykinin, ATP, and TPA was similarly reversed by concomitant incubation with staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, implying that the phosphorylation of EGF receptors was catalyzed probably by a protein kinase C of the same or similar type in each case. This possibility was confirmed by the fact that the major phosphorylation site of EGF receptors by the stimulation with either bradykinin, ATP, or TPA was the same (Thr-654). Different from the stimulations with ATP and TPA, the effect of bradykinin of decreasing the high-affinity EGF binding was transient (a minimum binding at 2.5 min); the reduced EGF binding was, however, sustained for up to 30 min in the presence of calyculin A, a phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor. Moreover, the homogenate prepared from bradykinin-stimulated A-431 cells had stronger dephosphorylation activity for phosphorylated EGF receptors than that from control cells. These results suggest that bradykinin stimulates both the protein kinase C system and a phosphoprotein phosphatase(s) activity in A-431 cells. Such biphasic effects of bradykinin to phosphorylate and dephosphorylate EGF receptors via protein kinase C and a phosphoprotein phosphatase, respectively, imply a homeostatic control of receptor function in regulating phosphorylation level by the same bioactive factor.
Alkaloids↗
Effects of female hormones and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine or dexamethasone on induction of epidermal growth factor and proteinases F, D, A, and P in the submandibular glands of hypophysectomized male mice.
The effects of progesterone (Pro), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), T3, and dexamethasone (Dex), given alone or in combination, on induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and proteinase isozymes in the submandibular glands of hypophysectomized mice were examined. Each hormone, except E2, acting alone had essentially comparable inductive effects on EGF concentrations and on total proteinase activity. E2 alone had no inductive effect at all. Pro acted synergistically with T3, but its inductive effect was diminished when given with Dex. E2 was not synergistic with T2, and it inhibited the effect of Dex; it also partially blocked the action of DHT on induction of proteinase activity but not of EGF. Simultaneous administration of all five hormones restored total proteinase activity completely but EGF levels to only 50% of values for intact males, respectively. Submandibular proteinases were resolved by isoelectric focusing into four isozymes: proteinase F (pI 4.8), proteinase D (pI 5.8), proteinase A (pI 6.2), and proteinase P (pI 10.0). Pro alone slightly increased levels of proteinase F but greatly raised levels of the other three isozymes. This inductive action was augmented when Pro was given with T3 but blocked when it was given with Dex. E2 alone not only failed to induce any of the isozymes, but even further reduced levels of proteinase F. It also decreased the inductive effects of T3 on these isozymes, and with Dex completely blocked induction of proteinases D, A, and P. E2 plus DHT suppressed proteinase F levels and only induced proteinase A. All five hormones together reestablished the isozyme profile seen in intact males. These results show that Pro by itself is as capable as androgens, thyroid hormone, or glucocorticoid in regulating expression of these submandibular polypeptides, and that its action can be modulated by other pituitary-dependent hormones. In addition, they demonstrate that E2 does not regulate their expression, and that it has an inhibitory effect on the inductive action of other hormones. Last, they indicate that these various hormones may regulate expression of EGF and of each of the individual proteinase isozymes differently.
Animals↗
[Evaluation of pulmonary venous flow patterns in left heart failure: a study using transesophageal Doppler echocardiography].
Pulmonary venous flow (PVF) patterns in left heart failure were evaluated using transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 30 patients with dilated hearts (DH) and 30 normal subjects. Eighteen patients had myocardial infarction and 12 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. The diagnostic criteria by using M-mode echocardiography were left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions (LVDd) of 5.5 cm or more and % LV fractional shortening (%FS) of less than 30%. Peak velocities of the first systolic (PVS1) and second systolic (PVS2) forward waves of PVF, %FS and total amplitude of mitral annular motion in the patient group were significantly decreased compared with the normal group. However, there were no differences in these parameters between the 22 patients (DH-1 group) with a mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of less than 18 mmHg and 8 patients (DH-2 group) with a PCWP of 18 mmHg or greater. Peak velocities of the diastolic forward wave of PVF and the early diastolic wave (D) of the LV inflow velocity in the DH-1 group were significantly decreased, and the peak velocity of the atrial contraction wave (A) of the LV inflow velocity was increased compared with those of the normal group. D of the LV inflow velocity, peak velocity of the diastolic forward wave, and peak velocity of the atrial systolic backward wave of the PVF in the DH-2 group were significantly increased compared with those of the DH-1 group. Significant positive correlations were observed between peak velocity of the diastolic forward wave and D or PCWP in the patient group, but the latter relationship was not linear. The A/D ratio of the LV inflow velocity was significantly decreased, and the ratio of the amplitudes of atrial contraction wave to total vertical deflection on the apexcardiogram of the DH-2 group were significantly increased compared with those of the DH-1 group. A patient with extensive myocardial infarction associated with development of severe LV dysfunction (PCWP = 23 mmHg) and a "pseudonormalization" pattern of LV inflow velocity demonstrated markedly increased peak velocities of the diastolic and atrial systolic forward wave, and decreased PVS2. However, the peak velocities of the diastolic and atrial systolic forward wave were decreased, and that of PVS2 was increased with fair improvement of LV dysfunction (PCWP = 10 mmHg) and with compensatory augmentation of the atrial contraction wave A of LV inflow velocity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of interleukin-8 in biological fluids.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemotactic and activating cytokine for neutrophils, which plays an important role in acute inflammatory responses. We aimed to develop a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IL-8 and established 18 clones of anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These mAbs were evaluated in terms of their antigen-binding affinities, and five clones were selected and used for the comparative study of various combinations of antibodies in sandwich ELISA. Affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibody was also used in this study. One antibody pair, which showed relatively high sensitivity and which was not severely interfered with blood components, was selected and the assay conditions were optimized by choosing the appropriate buffer for sample dilution and by directly labeling the second antibody with enzyme. The finalized ELISA, using polyclonal antibody as first (coated) antibody and horseradish peroxidase-labeled mAb (clone EL139) Fab' fragment as second antibody, could detect as low as 2.5 pg/ml (0.125 pg/well) of IL-8 by in total 2 h incubation, without being affected by body fluid components. The ELISA was specific to IL-8, showing no cross-reactivity with other cytokines or various IL-8 family proteins which share some amino acid sequence homology with IL-8. As an example of its application to clinical specimens, plasma samples from patients with septic shock were measured. The results showed that sepsis patients contain significantly higher levels of plasma IL-8 compared to normal controls. When analyzed by gel-filtration chromatography, IL-8 in sepsis plasma was eluted in a molecular weight (M(r) region corresponding to the monomer form. The ELISA established here is expected to be effectively used for further investigations on the relationship between IL-8 and various diseases.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Pharmaceutical characterization of corticosteroid suppository treatment for ulcerative colitis.
The dose and method of administration of a corticosteroid given for the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis are determined according to the range of the diseased area and its severity. In this study, we prepared a hydrophilic suppository consisting of water-soluble prednisolone sodium succinate (PSL-SS) and a hydrophilic base, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and a hydrophobic suppository consisting of water-insoluble prednisolone (PSL) and a hydrophobic base, Witepsol (WT). We determined the spread of the drugs after intrarectal administration and their therapeutic effect. When rats received the hydrophilic suppository, the drug spread farther oral than when they received the hydrophobic suppository. Moreover, more than half of the PSL-SS recovered was observed to have changed into PSL. A therapeutic effect on the colitis induced in rats by acetic acid was noted in the area up to 10 cm from the anus in the case of the hydrophilic suppository, while the effect of the hydrophobic suppository was seen only in the area up to 2.5 cm from the anus. In patients with ulcerative colitis, the hydrophilic suppository showed retrograde spread to a site 34.4 +/- 5.3 cm from the anus, while the hydrophobic suppository spread to a site 19.0 +/- 2.4 cm from the anus. These results suggest that a hydrophobic suppository should be used for patients in whom inflammation is confined to the rectum, and a hydrophilic suppository used for patients in whom inflammation reaches the rectum and the middle part of the sigmoid colon.
Administration, Oral↗
P2 purinergic receptors and cellular calcium metabolism in A 431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells.
Stimulation of P2 purinergic receptors on A 431 human epidermoid cells with ATP rapidly mobilized intracellular calcium and increased cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Incorporation of 45Ca2+ was also stimulated by ATP at a rate less than that of [Ca2+]i elevation. Among a number of nucleosides, nucleotides, and their analogues examined, ATP, GTP, UTP, ADP, UDP, adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S), and 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) increased both [Ca2+]i and 45Ca2+ influx, whereas others did not; these latter two analogues (ATP gamma S and AMP-PNP) blocked the ATP-stimulated 45Ca2+ influx only very slightly, suggesting that they are not prominent antagonists but rather agonists. A high correlation between [Ca2+]i increase and 45Ca2+ influx, in terms of nucleotide specificity, suggests the involvement of [Ca2+]i in influx of 45Ca2+. It appeared that [Ca2+]i elevated by several nucleotides or nucleotide analogues opened a calcium gate, thus allowing the influx of 45Ca2+. P2 purinergic receptors on these cells had such a characteristic that they were rapidly desensitized. These nucleotides or analogues also affected epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors by inhibiting the EGF binding. The differences of ligand or substrate specificities between P2 purinergic receptors and ecto-nucleotidases indicates that the two components are different molecules involved in different systems.
Calcium↗
Characterization of ecto-nucleoside triphosphatase on A-431 human epidermoidal carcinoma cells.
Hydrolysis of extracellular ATP and other nucleoside phosphates by A-431 human epidermoidal carcinoma cells was studied. The hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by these cells required either Mg2+ or Ca2+, and either cation could be replaced by Co2+, Fe2+, or Mn2+. Nucleoside triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP, and dTTP), but not nucleoside diphosphates, were hydrolyzed by the cells with Km and Vmax values similar to those for ATP (0.9-1.1 mmol/l and 6-10 nmol Pi formed/10(6) cells, respectively). The hydrolysis of ATP was inhibited strongly by ATP-gamma S and AMPPNP, and weakly by AMPCPP and ADP-beta S, but not by AMPCPP or AMPCP. Since the hydrolysis of [gamma-32P]ATP was inhibited by all these nucleoside triphosphates, the binding site for ATP is presumed to be the same as that for the other nucleoside triphosphates. All these results indicate that ecto-ATPase activity associated with A-431 cells is due to ecto-nucleoside triphosphatase. The nucleotide specificity shown in the present study indicates that ecto-nucleoside triphosphatase associated with A-431 cells is a molecule different from P2-purinergic receptors which can be stimulated specifically with nucleoside phosphates like ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, and GTP, but not by other nucleotides.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Additive and/or synergistic effects of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, dexamethasone, and triiodo-L-thyronine on induction of proteinases and epidermal growth factor in the submandibular gland of hypophysectomized mice.
The effects of androgen, glucocorticoid, and thyroid hormones on levels of proteinase isozymes and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the submandibular glands of hypophysectomized (Hypox) mice were investigated. Total proteinase activity in males was decreased by hypophysectomy and increased by single or combined injection of the three hormones into these mice. 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) had the strongest effect, and dexamethasone (Dex) the least. By isoelectric focusing, proteinases extracted from the submandibular gland of untreated male and female mice were fractionated into four isozymes with pI values of 4.8 (proteinase-F), 5.8 (proteinase-D), 6.2 (proteinase-A), and 10.0 (proteinase-P). In Hypox mice (both sexes), there was only a single isozyme, proteinase-F. Proteinase-D, -A, and -P were induced in the submandibular gland of Hypox males by injections of DHT, Dex, and/or T3; the percent ratio of activity of each of these isozymes induced by these hormones, given either singly or in combination, was almost parallel among the three isozymes. Synergistic effects were observed between T3 and Dex, and additive effects between T3 and DHT. The increase in proteinase isozyme activities by concomitant injections of T3 and Dex was about 2 times more than the additive values. The changes in proteinase-F upon hormone injection were complicated. In females, the enzyme activity was decreased by hypophysectomy and increased by DHT administration. In males, on the other hand, it was increased by hypophysectomy and suppressed by T3 or T3 plus steroid hormones. The EGF level in the submandibular gland was decreased to about 1/800th (males) or 1/90th (females) of its normal level by hypophysectomy. Its level in the Hypox animal was greatly increased by all three hormones, given singly or in combination. Synergism was also observed between T3 and steroid hormones; DHT plus T3 and T3 plus Dex induced EGF 6 times and 9 times, respectively, more than the additive values. These values were much greater than those for the induction of proteinase-D, -A, and -P by combined injections of T3 and steroids. The present results suggest that the genes coding for proteinase-A, -D, and -P are located close to each other and that the onset of their expression may be controlled by the same regulatory mechanism. By contrast, the gene for proteinase-F may be mapped to a different locus or regulated differently. The mechanism of induction of EGF by T3, DHT, and Dex appears to be similar to but not completely the same as that for proteinase-D, -A, and -P.
Animals↗
Mechanisms of intestinal absorption of the antibiotic, fosfomycin, in brush-border membrane vesicles in rabbits and humans.
In order to clarify the mechanism of intestinal absorption of an antibiotic, fosfomycin (FOM), the uptakes of FOM by rabbit and human small intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were studied. The initial uptake of FOM by BBMV at 15 s was saturable at a higher concentration of FOM. The kinetic parameters at 37 degrees C of the saturable uptake expressed by the Michaelis-Menten equation were Kt = 5.17 mM and Jmax = 3.88 nmol/15 s/mg protein for rabbits, and Kt = 4.03 mM and Jmax = 1.90 nmol/15 s/mg protein for humans. The most efficient uptake was observed in the presence of both inward-directed Na(+)- and H(+)-gradients in both mammals. The uptake of FOM was inhibited by inorganic phosphate, FOM glycol which is a degradation product of FOM in the gastric juice and specific inhibitors of phosphate transport such as arsenate and phosphonoacetic acid. These findings confirmed that FOM absorption from rabbit and human small intestines is associated with the phosphate transport system. These transport phenomena of FOM are in close agreement with those obtained previously in rat BBMV studies. Judging from the results obtained for three mammalian species, rat, rabbit and human, it was concluded that carrier-mediated transport via the phosphate transport system is a very important pathway of intestinal absorption of FOM.
Animals↗
[Characteristics of jugular venous pulse and its genesis in Ebstein's anomaly].
To clarify the characteristics of the jugular venous pulse and its genesis in Ebstein's anomaly, 6 patients with Ebstein's anomaly whose mean age was 45 +/- 9 years, and 10 normal subjects with a mean age of 27 +/- 6 years were studied by phono-mechanocardiography and echocardiography. The parameters included the relative height of the jugular "c" wave, the relative timing of the upstroke (Q-Cu interval) and the peak of the jugular "c" wave (Q-Cpeak interval), the relative timing of the upstroke of the carotid artery pulse, the relative timing of tricuspid valve closure (Q-Tc interval), the excursion of the closing motion of the anterior tricuspid leaflet (TV excursion), the distance between the anterior mitral annulus and the septal tricuspid annulus (M-T distance), the area of atrialized right ventricle (ARV area) and the maximum area of the tricuspid regurgitant signal. Among 6 patients with Ebstein's anomaly, tricuspid regurgitation was predominant in 4 and mild in the remaining 2. The results were as follows: 1. A large jugular "c" wave was observed in 4 of the 6 patients. Two patients with large ARV area had giant "c" wave. 2. The interval of the upstroke of the carotid artery pulse and that of the jugular "c" wave was about 39.2 msec. 3. The Q-Tc interval was significantly longer and the TV excursion was significantly greater in the patients than in the normal controls. 4. There was only a weak positive correlation between the Q-Cpeak interval and the Q-Tc interval. No significant correlation was observed between the relative height of the jugular "c" wave and the TV excursion. 5. There was a positive correlation between the relative height of the jugular "c" wave, the ARV area and M-T distance. 6. No obvious correlation was observed between the grade of tricuspid regurgitation and the relative height of the jugular "c" wave. These results suggest that augmentation of the "c" wave of the jugular venous pulse is characteristic of Ebstein's anomaly and that it correlates closely with the severity of displacement of the tricuspid valve and the size of the atrialized right ventricle.
Adult↗
Involvement of cellular calcium incorporated from the medium in production of inositol trisphosphate in A-431 cells.
The property of intensive 45Ca2+ uptake by A-431 human epidermoidal carcinoma cells was indicated to be an influx, not binding to the cell surface, since the two apparent dissociation constants (Kd) between 45Ca2+ and cells were almost the same when measured in either the presence or absence of 1 mM [ethylenebis (oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (EGTA); these constants were approximately 5-10 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-4) M, respectively, which are much higher than the chelating constant of EGTA for Ca2+ (approximately 10(-11) M). Furthermore, addition of A23187, a calcium ionophore, rapidly released the 45Ca2+ incorporated into cells at both 37 degrees C and 0 degrees C. The 45Ca2+ associated with the cells was slowly released or exchanged when cells were incubated in medium depleted of Ca2+, or in that containing 1 mM non-radioactive Ca2+. The ability of A-431 cells to respond to extracellular ATP by elevating their level of intracellular calcium ions, as well as by producing inositol trisphosphate (InsP3), was suppressed in cells depleted of cellular calcium. These data suggest that calcium ions are extensively incorporated or exchanged with those outside the cells, maintained as stored calcium, and involved in production of InsP3, when A-431 cells are stimulated by ATP to trigger the signal transduction system.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ influx in A-431 human epidermoidal carcinoma cells.
Upon stimulation with 10(-6) -10(-3) M ATP, A-431 human epidermoidal carcinoma cells incorporated radioactive calcium from their medium in a temperature-dependent manner. The rate of incorporation of 45Ca2+ was rapid for the initial 5 min, but decreased immediately thereafter. The preincubation of cells for 2 h in medium depleted of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ abolished the ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ incorporation, irrespective of whether or not the subsequent incubation medium contained Mg2+ ions. ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ incorporation could be restored by a second preincubation (1 h) in medium containing 1 mM Mg2+, but no Ca2+. The Mg2+ ions in the second preincubation medium could be replaced by Ca2+, Co2+, or Cu2+ for restoration of such activity. Elevation of inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) was observed in cells depleted of either Ca2+ or Mg2+, but not in cells depleted of both ions. A parallel effect was observed in changes in [Ca2+]i. Since the concentration of cytosolic calcium ions does not change by incubation of cells in medium depleted of and (or) restored with calcium ions, we conclude that either calcium or magnesium ions associated with some cellular component(s) are responsible for production of InsP3, which then supposedly mobilizes Ca2+ and provokes 45Ca2+ influx.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Interaction of recombinant human interferon-gamma with liposomes.
The interaction of recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN) with egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied. IFN which binds to liposomes was dependent on the liposomal charge and pH, and a preferential binding was observed in negatively charged liposomes at pH 7.4-10. Electron-microscopic observation showed that the increased liposomal turbidity induced by IFN was due to liposomal aggregation, and the increased turbidity could be decreased by the addition of NaCl. Thus, ionic binding may participate in this interaction. But, when the incubation time was longer, the liposomal aggregation was not decreased by the addition of NaCl, and the leakage of the entrapped marker, calcein, was observed. Electron-microscopic analysis showed that this leakage resulted from the morphological change of liposomes. From these findings, ionic binding may participate in the interaction between IFN and liposomes and then develop a morphological change in negatively charged liposomes under the neutral pH condition.
Fluoresceins↗
[Possible mechanism of production of the musical second heart sound and its clinical significance].
To investigate the predisposing factors and the clinical significance of the musical aortic component of the second heart sound (musical S2), 18 patients with musical S2 (musical group) among the consecutive 2,000 patients with phonocardiographic examination were noninvasively studied by analyzing underlying diseases, phonocardiographic findings, organic changes of the aortic valve, severity of aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. Organic changes of the aortic valve were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography, and aortic regurgitation was assessed by color Doppler flow imaging. Twenty-two normal subjects (normal group) and 17 patients with essential hypertension (hypertensive group) served as controls. Mean ages were matched among the three groups. 1. Left ventricular dilatation (seven patients) and hypertension (six patients) were the dominant part of underlying disease in the musical group. 2. Musical S2 was classified in the following two types based on the phonocardiographic characteristics; musical vibrations followed immediately after the accentuated S2, and the S2 which was replaced by regular vibratory waves. 3. Frequency of the musical vibrations ranged from 120 to 200 Hz, and its duration ranged from 60 to 120 msec. Amplitude of the musical vibrations decreased by inhalation of amyl nitrite, but increased by infusion of methoxamine. In a case with mild rheumatic valve disease, methoxamine induced marked intensification of the amplitude and prolongation of the duration of the musical vibrations, finally giving a typical cooing murmur. 4. Echo intensity of the aortic valve tended to be higher in the musical group than in the other two groups. 5. Echocardiographically, aortic regurgitation appeared more frequently in the musical group (88%) than in the normal (36%) and hypertensive (41%) groups. Area of the aortic regurgitant signal was significantly larger in the musical group (4.1 +/- 1.4 cm2) than in the normal (1.2 +/- 0.8 cm2) and hypertensive (2.3 +/- 1.2 cm2) groups. 6. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was significantly larger in the musical group (5.8 +/- 0.6 cm) than in the normal (4.7 +/- 0.5 cm) and hypertensive (4.8 +/- 0.7 cm) groups. Fractional shortening of the left ventricle was significantly smaller in the musical group (26 +/- 10%) than in the normal (37 +/- 5%) and hypertensive (37 +/- 8%) groups. In a case of the musical group, musical vibrations following the S2, which was large in amplitude at the state of heart failure, decreased markedly after the recovery from heart failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
[Transesophageal echocardiographic study on systolic flow pattern of the pulmonary vein in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation].
To determine the clinical significance and effect of cycle length on systolic backward (C) and forward (S) flow patterns of the pulmonary vein, we performed transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation (Af). Study population consisted of 10 patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm (MS-SR), 15 with MS and Af (MS-Af), 15 with mitral valve replacement and Af (MVR-Af), 10 with Af without organic heart disease (lone-Af) and 15 normal subjects. Various parameters, including peak velocities of C and S waves, closing amplitude of anterior mitral valve echogram during end-diastole, amplitude of the mitral annulus and interatrial septal motion during systole and left atrial pressure during the mitral closing period or end-diastole, were measured in each group. Results were as follows: 1. C wave was observed in all Af groups and six of 10 patients with MS-SR. Particularly, peak velocity of the C wave in MS-Af group was increased significantly compared with those of every other group. 2. Peak velocity of S wave in all Af groups, particularly in MS- and MVR-Af groups, decreased significantly compared with that of the normal group. 3. There were significant negative correlations between preceding R-R interval and peak velocity of the C wave or closing amplitude of anterior mitral valve echogram or left atrial pressure during end-diastole in MS-Af group. 4. There were significant positive correlations between preceding R-R interval and peak velocity of the S wave or amplitude of the mitral annulus or interatrial septal motion during systole in MS-Af group. 5. Peak velocities of the C and S waves had no correlations to preceding R-R interval in lone-Af group. We concluded that the C and S waves of pulmonary venous flow velocity pattern in MS-Af are affected by cycle length, and that the former is influenced by left atrial pressure and/or pliability of the mitral valve during the mitral closing period, and the latter by the grade of left atrial dilatation and/or preceding left atrial emptying.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of pulmonary venous flow pattern in hypertrophied and dilated hearts: a study with transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography].
In order to evaluate the clinical significance of pulmonary venous flow (PVF) pattern, transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography (TEE) was performed in 25 patients with hypertrophied heart (all with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), 15 patients with dilated heart (10 with old myocardial infarction and 5 with dilated cardiomyopathy) and 10 normal controls. Parameters obtained from the PVF pattern were compared with those of transmitral flow (MVF) pattern, % fractional shortening (%FS) of left ventricle (LV) and amplitude of mitral anular motion (MAM) during a cardiac cycle. Results were as follows: 1. PVF pattern in cases of sinus rhythm was divided into four components, atrial systolic backward flow (PVA), ventricular systolic (PVS1, PVS2) and diastolic (PVD) forward flows. 2. In patients with dilated heart, peak velocities of PVS1 and PVS2 were markedly decreased compared with those of hypertrophied and normal hearts. 3. Peak velocity of PVD in hypertrophied and dilated hearts was significantly decreased compared with that of normal controls, and PV-D/S (ratio of peak velocity of PVD to PVS2) was significantly lower in hypertrophied heart than in normal controls. 4. Time interval from the first heart sound to the peak of PVS2 (TS) was significantly longer in dilated heart, and time interval from the second heart sound to the peak of PVD (TD) was longer in hypertrophied heart than in the other two groups. 5. MAM and %FS of dilated heart were significantly lower than those in normal and hypertrophied hearts, and peak velocity of PVS2 in dilated heart group correlated well with MAM or %FS. 6. There were significant correlations among the diastolic parameters from PVD of PVF (peak velocity of PVD, PV-D/S) and early diastolic wave (D) of MVF (peak velocity, deceleration time and deceleration of rapid filling). 7. In a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mid-diastolic wave of MVF, distinct forward wave was observed after PVD of PVF, and this wave coincided in timing with the mid-diastolic wave of MVF. 8. In a case of extensive myocardial infarction with the development of severe LV dysfunction and with "normalized" pattern of MVF, peak velocities of PVD and PVA were markedly increased, and that of PVS2 was decreased. However, the peak velocities of PVD and PVA were decreased, and that of PVS2 was increased with the fair improvement of LV dysfunction and with the compensatory augmentation of atrial contraction wave (A) of MVF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of human interleukin-6.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to measure human interleukin-6. The assay, based on the avidin-biotin amplified two-step sandwich method, is quick (requiring 4.5 h), sensitive (detecting 9.5 pg/ml) and satisfactory in reproducibility and specificity. It shows good correspondence with the results of bioassays, and it is not affected by serum and plasma components. These results indicate that this ELISA is suitable for application to clinical samples, which is a major advantage over the widely used bioassays.
Animals↗