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K Hug

Publications and source records attributed to K Hug.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Scratch-patch and patch testing in drug allergy--an assessment of specificity.

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions occur frequently in daily practice, but the identification of the eliciting drugs is difficult due to a lack of standardized procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare scratch-patch and patch tests prospectively with frequently used drugs in persons exposed or not exposed to the drug in order to define a nonirritating concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Altogether, 23 different drugs, mainly antibiotics and analgesics, were evaluated. Any contraindications for patch tests were excluded by a questionnaire. Sixty-one healthy individuals were tested. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of individuals who hadn't been exposed to the drug; Group 2 was comprised of individuals who had been exposed to the drug, without side effects. Each individual was tested with 10-20 scratch-patch and patch tests. The tests were performed on the upper back. Freshly prepared drug solutions were applied, on one side after scarification of the epidermis, on the other side without. Scratch-patch tests were read at 24 and 48 h, patch tests after 48 and 72 h. In addition, we included 73 individuals with a drug allergy to illustrate that the chosen drug concentrations are able to elicit a positive reaction in truly sensitized individuals. RESULTS: A positive reaction in the non-exposed and nonallergic individuals was considered to be an irritant reaction (IR). In Group 1 (non-exposed individuals), 341 scratch-patch tests were performed, with 22 showing a reaction at the first reading, 3 at the second. Of the 341 patch tests performed in this group, 21 reactions were observed at the first reading, and 7 at the second. In Group 2 (exposed individuals), 141 scratch-patch tests were performed, with 5 IR at the first reading and 1 at the second. Of the 138 patch tests performed in this group, 6 individuals showed an IR at the first, 2 at the second reading. The majority of IR were four drugs, namely cefuroxim, acetylsalicylic acid, propyphenazone/drofenin-HCl, and celecoxib. Lowering the concentration did not reduce the unspecified irritant skin reaction, while a change of the solvent (petrolatum instead of PBS) did reduce the IR. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show concentrations of 23 drugs suitable for scratch-patch or patch tests, as they do not elicit IR. Fourteen of these test preparations elicited a positive reaction in truly sensitized individuals, demonstrating that the test preparation is suitable to identify sensitized persons. Scratch-patch tests are an interesting alternative to patch tests, as they do not elicit more IR than patch tests but can be evaluated earlier. Certain drugs solved in PBS are irritant over a wide dosage range and need to be applied in petrolatum.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Late stent thrombosis in the absence of prior intracoronary brachytherapy.

Late stent thrombosis has not been reported in the absence of prior coronary brachytherapy. We reviewed our experience in 1,855 consecutive patients who received at least one stent and did not receive coronary brachytherapy. Half of all stent thromboses occurred within the first week and nearly 65% (22) occurred within 15 days. The incidence of stent thrombosis within this traditional time frame was 1.2%. An additional 12 patients, however, presented with stent thrombosis between 33 and 270 days post-procedure (mean = 72.9 +/- 23 days). The true incidence of stent thrombosis was therefore 1.8% (34/1,855). There were three bypass operations, one stroke and two deaths in the late stent thrombosis group. Late stent thrombosis is an unusual but serious complication in patients who have not received coronary brachytherapy. Intracoronary radiation may potentiate a phenomenon that already occurs after stent deployment. Prolonged treatment (6-12 months) with anti-platelet agents should be considered after percutaneous intervention with coronary stents.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Vaginal delivery after two previous cesarean sections].

We report on a patient, who, after two previous caesarean sections, normally delivered vaginally without complications. The obstetric approach to, or better, the management of a vaginal delivery after caesarean section, our experience in other vaginal deliveries after previous caesarean section is discussed. This case report shows that, after two previous caesarean sections, the next child can normally be delivered vaginally without complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Precise mapping of t(12;14) leiomyoma breakpoint on chromosome 14 between D14S298 and D14S540.

Uterine leiomyoma is a common tumor of smooth muscle cell origin often characterized by the presence of a balanced t(12;14)(q13-15;q24.1) chromosomal translocation. This breakpoint on chromosome 14 had previously been placed between the markers SPTB and D14S77, a region estimated to span 7 cM. In this study we have used a meiotic breakpoint mapping panel to construct a high resolution genetic map of this interval. Markers that mapped within this interval were used to analyze DNA from a somatic cell hybrid containing the t(12;14) translocated chromosome. The results of this analysis localize the t(12;14) breakpoint on chromosome 14 between D14S298 and D14S540, between which no meiotic recombination was detected. This sets the stage for identifying the gene(s) disrupted by the chromosomal translocation by defining the markers that flank the translocation breakpoint.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Mice from a genetically resistant background lacking the interferon gamma receptor are susceptible to infection with Leishmania major but mount a polarized T helper cell 1-type CD4+ T cell response.

Mice with homologous disruption of the gene coding for the ligand-binding chain of the interferon (IFN) gamma receptor and derived from a strain genetically resistant to infection with Leishmania major have been used to study further the role of this cytokine in the differentiation of functional CD4+ T cell subsets in vivo and resistance to infection. Wild-type 129/Sv/Ev mice are resistant to infection with this parasite, developing only small lesions, which resolve spontaneously within 6 wk. In contrast, mice lacking the IFN-gamma receptor develop large, progressing lesions. After infection, lymph nodes (LN) and spleens from both wild-type and knockout mice showed an expansion of CD4+ cells producing IFN-gamma as revealed by measuring IFN-gamma in supernatants of specifically stimulated CD4+ T cells, by enumerating IFN-gamma-producing T cells, and by Northern blot analysis of IFN-gamma transcripts. No biologically active interleukin (IL) 4 was detected in supernatants of in vitro-stimulated LN or spleen cells from infected wild-type or deficient mice. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis with primers specific for IL-4 showed similar IL-4 message levels in LN from both types of mice. The IL-4 message levels observed were comparable to those found in similarly infected C57BL/6 mice and significantly lower than the levels found in BALB/c mice. Anti-IFN-gamma treatment of both types of mice failed to alter the pattern of cytokines produced after infection. These data show that even in the absence of IFN-gamma receptors, T helper cell (Th) 1-type responses still develop in genetically resistant mice with no evidence for the expansion of Th2 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Physical mapping of the uterine leiomyoma t(12;14)(q13-15;q24.1) breakpoint on chromosome 14 between SPTB and D14S77.

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor of smooth muscle cell origin and is often associated with the recurrent balanced translocation t(12;14)(q13-15;q24). As an initial step toward finding the gene or genes that are interrupted by the translocation breakpoint, a somatic cell hybrid carrying the derivative 14 as the single t(12;14) translocated chromosome was constructed from a leiomyoma cell line with this translocation. Sequence tagged sites (STS) whose locations on the genetic map of chromosome 14 were known were used to map the breakpoint in the translocated chromosomes. The results of this analysis place the translocation breakpoint on the long arm of chromosome 14 between the proximal marker SPTB and the distal marker D14S77, narrowing the chromosomal translocation breakpoint to a region of approximately 7 cM. The identification of flanking markers on chromosome 14 lays the foundation for efforts to clone the breakpoint and to identify the genes involved in the formation of leiomyoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Domain-specific reasoning: social contracts, cheating, and perspective change.

What counts as human rationality: reasoning processes that embody content-independent formal theories, such as propositional logic, or reasoning processes that are well designed for solving important adaptive problems? Most theories of human reasoning have been based on content-independent formal rationality, whereas adaptive reasoning, ecological or evolutionary, has been little explored. We elaborate and test an evolutionary approach. Cosmides' (1989) social contract theory, using the Wason selection task. In the first part, we disentangle the theoretical concept of a "social contract" from that of a "cheater-detection algorithm". We demonstrate that the fact that a rule is perceived as a social contract--or a conditional permission or obligation, as Cheng and Holyoak (1985) proposed--is not sufficient to elicit Cosmides' striking results, which we replicated. The crucial issue is not semantic (the meaning of the rule), but pragmatic: whether a person is cued into the perspective of a party who can be cheated. In the second part, we distinguish between social contracts with bilateral and unilateral cheating options. Perspective change in contracts with bilateral cheating options turns P & not-Q responses into not-P & Q responses. The results strongly support social contract theory, contradict availability theory, and cannot be accounted for by pragmatic reasoning schema theory, which lacks the pragmatic concepts of perspectives and cheating detection.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of phospholipase A2 by heparin.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is an important enzyme in the regulation of cell behavior. The hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in vitro catalyzed by porcine pancreatic PLA2 was inhibited by heparin. Other glycosaminoglycans inhibited PLA2 activity to a significantly lesser extent, with a pattern of inhibition: heparin much greater than chondroitin sulfate (CS)-C greater than CS-A greater than CS-B greater than keratan sulfate. Hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate caused no inhibition. Heparin's ability to inhibit PLA2 activity did not depend on substrate concentration, but did depend on ionic strength, with inhibition decreasing with increasing ionic strength. Heparin inhibition also varied with pH, being more effective at pH 5-8 than at pH 10. As a consequence, heparin induced a shift of the pH optimum of PLA2 from 7 to 8. Histone IIA and protamine sulfate, heparin-binding proteins, reversed heparin-induced PLA2 inhibition. The concentration of heparin which inhibited PLA2 activity by 50% increased with increasing enzyme concentration. Furthermore, PLA2 bound to heparin-Affigel. The data indicate that the catalytic potential of PLA2 can be regulated by heparin or heparin-like molecules and that inhibition is contingent on the formation of a heparin-PLA2 complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Importance of L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ cells in the immunologic control of infection with Mycobacterium bovis strain bacillus Calmette-Guérin in mice. Assessment by elimination of T cell subsets in vivo.

The course of infection after injection of small doses of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was studied in mice which were depleted in vivo of T cell subsets by administration of either anti-L3T4 or anti-Lyt-2 mAb. The results presented herein strongly suggest that the L3T4+ subpopulation play a pivotal role in the immunologic control of BCG infection because the depletion of L3T4+ cells led to a dramatic increase in the number of viable bacteria. Depletion of Lyt-2+ cells had no significant effect on the course of infection. These results were confirmed by using adoptive transfer experiments which showed that protective immunity was mediated by L3T4+ cells generated in the spleen as a result of infection. Moreover, T cells capable of controlling the recurrence of BCG multiplication from residual bacteria remaining in organs after the recovery from infection were shown to belong to the L3T4+ subpopulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Murine T lymphocyte specificity for African trypanosomes. II. Suppression of the T lymphocyte proliferative response to Trypanosoma brucei by systemic trypanosome infection.

Previously, we described a system allowing the study of murine T cell-dependent proliferative responses to Trypanosoma brucei antigens. It was observed that T. brucei-specific T cells could be demonstrated in the regional lymph nodes of primed mice for only 2 to 3 weeks following priming. The results of the present study indicate that this inability to demonstrate a long-lived memory response is due to an immunosuppressive effect of the resulting T. brucei infection. The exact mechanism of the suppression is not known, and appears to function in the absence of demonstrable suppressor cells. Since the T cell responses are strictly dependent on the presence of macrophages, we have investigated whether the loss in responsiveness is due to a defect in the T cell population, or to a loss of macrophage function. Our results show that T cells taken from mice 3 weeks after priming with T. brucei are unable to mount a proliferative response in the presence of a normal macrophage population, and conversely that macrophages taken 3 weeks after infection with T. brucei are unable to elicit a normal proliferative response using a competent primed T cell population. Thus these results indicate that both populations are affected by the parasite infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Murine T lymphocyte specificity for African trypanosomes. I. Induction of a T lymphocyte-dependent proliferative response to Trypanosoma brucei.

A procedure which results in the specific activation of primed murine T lymphocytes was adapted for the study of T lymphocyte activation by the African trypanosome: Trypanosoma brucei. The assay calls for the in vivo priming of lymphocytes by the subcutaneous administration of parasites, followed by the co-cultivation in vitro of cells taken from the regional draining lymph nodes and the parasite. This co-cultivation results in a marked proliferation of lymphoid cells. The proliferation was shown to be specific for the parasite, and to be dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Both the in vivo priming and the in vitro activation were shown to require the presence of living parasites. Various factors influencing the magnitude of the proliferative response were analysed. Of special interest is the observation that the time interval between in vivo priming and in vitro culture which results in a substantial proliferative response is quite short when compared to that seen with other antigens. Although lymph node cells from mice primed with T. brucei 1 to 2 weeks previously are able to mount a secondary proliferative response upon stimulation with T. brucei, cells taken 3 weeks after priming are unresponsive to an in vitro challenge with T. brucei. This unresponsiveness may be a result of the generalized immunosuppression seen in African trypanosomiasis. Thus, this method offers the potential for the study of specific T cell responsiveness in African trypanosome infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Immunoglobulin D as a lymphocyte receptor.

A large proportion of the human peripheral blood lymphocytes of adults and newborns having IgD were found also to have IgM on their membranes and vice versa. A few lymphocytes had one of these classes only. IgD and IgM could be capped independently on the same cell. The possibility that IgD was acquired by a cytophilic process was excluded by the finding that IgD-bearing cells were of one light chain type only, and by the direct demonstration of reappearance of IgD on the lymphocyte membrane during incubation in an IgD-free culture medium. On the basis of these findings, it is proposed that IgD functions as a lymphocyte antigen receptor.

Adult↗