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Biomedical subjects

K Hutton

Publications and source records attributed to K Hutton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Altered enteroendocrine cell expression in T cell receptor alpha chain knock-out mice.

Mice lacking T cell receptor alpha chain (TCRalpha(-/-)) develop inflammation of the colon. We have examined the effect of this inflammation on the colonic epithelium by studying markers of epithelial cuff, enteroendocrine, and immune cell differentiation. Using immunohistochemical techniques, colons were compared in normal C57/BL6 and murine TCR alpha(-/-) mice aged 2 and 3 weeks and 3-11 months. TCR alpha(-/-) mice aged 3-11 months had histologic evidence of inflammation with increased expression of CD45, CD4+, CD8+, and B220+ cells and a decrease in expression of IgA+ cells. There was a decrease in the number of cholecystokinin, serotonin, and neurotensin enteroendocrine expressing cells in the colon of TCR alpha(-/-) mice. These changes were not present in 2-3-week-old suckling/weaning mice. In contrast, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1, and gastrin expression did not change and small intestinal enteroendocrine cells remained unaltered. The change in colonic enteroendocrine cell expression appears to be a specific response, since only a subset of these cells was altered, and the epithelium was intact by histologic analysis. The absence of functional T cells in TCR alpha(-/-) colon has a marked effect on differentiation of a specific subpopulation of enteroendocrine cells, prior to loss of integrity of the epithelium.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Detection of integrins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors, which are expressed in many cells. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that integrins may be important in tumor progression and organ development. The functions of integrins were previously studied in cell cultures and their tissue expression was detected by immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase in frozen sections. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for detection of integrins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. We utilized microwave heating and enzyme digestion in routinely processed, surgically removed tissues. Our results demonstrate that integrins can be reliably detected in archival material. This approach will facilitate further investigation of the role played by integrins in human malignancies and in developmental processes.

Formaldehyde↗
PubMed1989

Primary rectal lymphoma and malignant lymphomatous polyposis. Two cases illustrating current methods in diagnosis and management.

Two cases of colorectal lymphoma are presented. Preoperative histologic diagnosis is difficult and examination of the fresh specimen using immunocytochemical and gene rearrangement techniques are necessary to establish the precise nature of the lesion. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for localized lymphoma of the colorectum and chemotherapy for malignant lymphomatous polyposis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The accuracy of ST segment deviation in prehospital cardiac monitoring.

Elevation or depression of the ST segment of the 12-lead electrocardiogram is an important and established marker of myocardial ischemia or injury. The ST segment deviation in normal individuals using standard cardiac monitoring equipment in the clinical setting of prehospital transport has not been studied. The hypothesis that we tested is that ST segment changes do not occur in normal subjects on standard prehospital cardiac monitors during transport. During a simulated transport, we monitored healthy volunteers of both sexes between the ages of 20 and 30 who had a normal cardiovascular history, physical examination, and 12-lead electrocardiogram. Fourteen of 34 subjects (41%) who qualified as normal exhibited ST segment deviation on the monitor. Of these 14, 11 exhibited ST segment depression, and 3 exhibited ST segment elevation. We conclude that normal individuals can exhibit ST segment deviation on standard prehospital cardiac monitoring equipment during routine transport.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of a helicopter emergency medical services program on potential morbidity and mortality.

INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of the effectiveness of helicopter emergency medical services is currently a major focus of air transport research, and dispatch judgment likely will play a significant role in any research aimed at measuring outcome or impact. SETTING: Two rotor-wing programs in Alberta, Canada. METHODS: A panel of experts evaluated the effectiveness of a helicopter service in Canada. Four hundred sequential patient records were examined and categorized into four risk levels. Level 1 included patients who required critical intervention. Level 2 included patients in whom a major deterioration of vital signs could be expected. Level 3 patients were those for whom transport by an advanced life support ground unit would have been adequate. Level 4 was strictly for missions in which patient transport by any other means would have been impractical, such as remote locations (these cases were double-rated). RESULTS: Risk level 1 included 98 cases (24.5%); risk level 2, 266 cases (66.5%); risk level 3, 36 cases (9%); and risk level 4, 16 cases, two of which were rated level 1, 11 rated level 2, and three rated level 3. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that in 91% of the reviewed cases, helicopter transport was appropriate, representing a reasonable and judicious use of a helicopter emergency medical service.

Air Ambulances↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The quick look airway classification. A useful tool in predicting the difficult out-of-hospital intubation: experience in an air medical transport program.

The unpredictable nature of the out-of-hospital care environment poses unique challenges for active airway management techniques. This descriptive study was conducted in the helicopter air medical transport (AMT) environment for a period of 32 months to determine whether initial direct airway visualization classification may provide a useful tool to predict the difficulty of intubation. Data extracted from documented oral intubation attempts included initial airway visualization grade, number of attempts, final airway management method, and procedural complications. Oral intubation was attempted on 429 patients. Initial airway visualization grades were found with the following frequency for grades I through IV: 65.6%, 21.5%, 8.6%, and 5.4%, respectively. Similarly, the average number of attempts was 1.34, 1.65, 1.97, and 2.39, respectively. The serious complication rate was 24%, 46%, 62%, and 65%, respectively. A statistically significant correlation (Spearman's rho) was found between increasing grade and both the number of intubation attempts (0.52) and the number of complications (0.45). Initial visualization classification may serve as a useful indicator in the out-of-hospital environment to help anticipate the difficulty of intubation and the need for early alternative airway management strategies. In this program, such classification is used to monitor airway management skills.

Air Ambulances↗