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K Hyllested

Publications and source records attributed to K Hyllested.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Suicide and multiple sclerosis: an epidemiological investigation.

In a nationwide investigation the risk of death by suicide for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was assessed using records kept at the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR) and the Danish National Register of Cause of Death. The investigation covers all MS patients registered with DSMR with an onset of the disease within the period 1953-85, or for whom MS was diagnosed in the same period. Fifty three of the 5525 cases in the onset cohort group committed suicide. Using the figures from the population death statistics by adjustment to number of subjects, duration of observation, sex, age, and calendar year at the start of observation, the expected number of suicides was calculated to be nearly 29. The cumulative lifetime risk of suicide from onset of MS, using an actuarial method of calculation, was 1.95%. The standard mortality ratio (SMR) of suicide in MS was 1.83. It was highest for males and for patients with onset of MS before the age of 30 years and those diagnosed before the age of 40. The SMR was highest within the first five years after diagnosis.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of multiple sclerosis in Denmark 1948-1982: a descriptive nationwide study.

The incidence rates of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Denmark were estimated as a result of a continuous nationwide epidemiological survey since 1948 by the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR). Among cases notified to the DMSR, 6,478 met the diagnostic criteria and had onset of MS from 1948 through 1982. The crude annual incidence rate was 4.45/100,000 and the lifetime cumulative incidence rate was 0.32%. The female/male ratio was 1.37:1. Crude incidence rates declined during the period 1952-1967. After 1967 the incidence seemed to rise again but in an irregular pattern. The decline in incidence involved only cases up to the age of 35. The subsequent increase was most marked in females and in the age groups over 45 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands and the lack of protection by exposure in infancy.

Using data from 32 patients with symptom onset between 1943 and 1973, we described the occurrence of clinical neurologic multiple sclerosis (CNMS) in the Faroe Islands as then constituting three epidemics. We concluded that CNMS is the rare late result of infection with the primary MS affection (PMSA), a state requiring some 2 years of exposure for acquisition by Faroese. Our theses are that PMSA was first transmitted during World War II by affected by asymptomatic British troops to Faroese aged 11-45; that this (F1) cohort of affected asymptomatic Faroese under age 27 in 1945 transmitted PMSA to the next (F2) cohort of Faroese comprising those attaining age 11 each year from 1945 until F1 input ceased; that the F2 cohort similarly transmitted PMSA to the third (F3) cohort of Faroese. Cases of CNMS defining epidemics I-III were members of the respective F1-F3 cohorts. Within the F4 cohort of Faroese there is now a fourth epidemic of CNMS, with 7 patients with symptom onset between 1984 and 1989. Intermittency of the year of birth for CNMS cases is thus a reflection of membership in these separate population cohorts, and does not indicate 'protection' in infancy or childhood. There is no evidence for an extra-Faroese source of MS after the first epidemic. No model of acute infection with short transmissibility fits the data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: incidence and prevalence rates in Denmark 1948-64 based on the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry.

The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR) is a national register based upon the ethnically homogeneous Danish population of about 5 millions. The DMSR was founded in 1956 following a nationwide Danish prevalence survey of MS in 1949 and a continuous registration of incident cases of MS since January 1, 1948. Included in DMSR are all Danish cases of MS (or suspicion of MS) diagnosed by a neurologist or a department of neurology. The sources of notification are the 22 neurological departments in Denmark, the National Patient Registry, the neuropathological departments, the Registry of Causes of Death, and, up to 1975, the Disablement Insurance Court. Notified cases which do not comply with the standardized diagnostic criteria of the DMSR are excluded. An estimate of the completeness of the DMSR is 90-95% and the validity is around 94%. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates of MS for the interval 1948-64 are presented. The crude annual incidence rate of MS in Denmark was in the year 1948-64 4.42 per 100,000 population, 22% higher in females than males. There was a significant geographical variation of incidence rates and a significant downward trend in incidence rates during the interval, whereas the prevalence rates showed a slight increase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. IV. The lack of a relationship between canine distemper and the epidemics of MS.

Clinical onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurred in 32 native resident Faroese between 1943 and 1973, comprising 3 consecutive epidemics of decreasing frequency. Relationship of MS with the appearance of canine distemper (CD) was explored by serologic studies, questionnaires, and veterinarian reports. Tested were sera from 12 MS patients and 112 controls among the 22 patients and 192 controls with questionnaires in 1978-1979. The daily treatment ledgers of the Veterinarian of the Faroes 1940-1961 were also reviewed and additional Faroese interviewed 1987-1988 as to CD. History of CD was determined for residence of all 32 MS. There was no evidence of elevated CD antibody titers in MS vs controls for neutralizing titers or ELISA values, nor to ELISA for measles. In the questionnaires only one patient and 2 of his sibs reported owning (the same) dog(s) with CD during the war. One other patient reported a possibly sick dog but not CD. CD occurred in one southern village 1941-1942, was present on Vágar from 1941-1950, and was epidemic on Streymoy 1944-1945 with scattered cases there and elsewhere through 1950. There was no significant correlation between villages with CD and MS residents. We conclude that the occurrence of multiple sclerosis was not related to the presence of canine distemper or sick dogs in the Faroe Islands.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Validity of the epidemics of multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands.

Concerns have been raised as to our diagnoses, exclusions, case ascertainment, definition of epidemics, and the role of the British occupation in the occurrence of multiple sclerosis among Faroese. We believe none of these points are substantiated, but rather that there did occur three consecutive and decreasing epidemics of clinical neurologic MS (CNMS) among native resident Faroese between 1943 and 1973, with no cases before or (so far) since. We have attributed these occurrences to the introduction into the Faroe islands of what we have called the primary MS affection (PMSA) by the British troops who occupied the islands in World War II. The first Faroese population cohort of PMSA-affected, which included the epidemic I cases, transmitted PMSA to the next cohort of Faroese comprising those attaining age 11 in 1945-1956, and they included the epidemic II cases. The second cohort thereafter similarly transmitted PMSA to the third Faroese cohort with its epidemic III cases. We conclude that PMSA is a single, widespread, specific, systemic infectious disease whose acquisition in virgin populations follows 2 years of exposure starting between age 11 and 45, which then produces CNMS in only a small proportion of the affected after a 6-year incubation period, and which is transmissible only during part or all of this systemic PMSA phase that ends before the usual age of CNMS onset. In endemic MS areas both the exposure and incubation periods may be twice as long, but otherwise PMSA may have there the same characteristics as inferred for the Faroes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. III. An alternative assessment of the three epidemics.

Among 32 resident Faroese, clinical MS began between 1943 and 1973 and comprised 3 epidemics, each one significantly later in time and lower in incidence than the preceding. This is confirmed by the present division of the cases of the epidemics according to the calendar time when the patients attained age 11. The risk of MS for Faroese of Epidemic I, (those who acquired the disease from asymptomatic British troops in the World War II occupation), was 18 per 10,000. Depending on the minimum population number required for transmission, the MS risk for Epidemic II was 15 per 18 per 10,000, and for Epidemic III (under our second model) 9 or 11 per 10,000, none differing significantly from Epidemic I. We conclude that the primary MS affection (PMSA) is a single, widespread, specific, systemic infectious disease whose acquisition in virgin populations follows 2 years of exposure starting between age 11 and 45, which then produces clinical neurologic MS (CNMS) in only a small proportion of the affected after an incubation period of 6 (virgin populace) or 12 (endemic areas) years, and which is transmissible only during part or all of this systemic PMSA phase that ends by age 27 or younger.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands. II. Clinical update, transmission, and the nature of MS.

In this century, 41 Faroese with MS were ascertained. One subset, after living in Denmark for 2 years between ages 11 and 31, had MS onset an average of 6 years later. In the Faroes, MS occurred as three separate and decreasing epidemics beginning in 1943 and ending in 1973. We believe that asymptomatic British troops introduced the first epidemic during 1941 to 1942, with the later epidemics resulting from transmission by affected but asymptomatic Faroese. We conclude that "MS" is a widespread, systemic, specific infectious disease only rarely causing neurologic symptoms and transmissible at most from ages 13 to 26.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands: I. Clinical and epidemiological features.

Intensive search over the past five years for all cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) on the Faroe Island since about 1920 has revealed 25 cases among native-born resident Faroese up to 1977. All but 1 patient had clinical onset of MS between 1943 and 1960; 1 case began in 1970. Four cases of MS in Faroese with prolonged foreign residence and 5 among Danish-born Faroese were excluded. The 24 included cases with onset between 1943 and 1960 meet all criteria for a point-source epidemic. The median year of onset was 1949. The cumulative risk of MS for Faroese in 1940 was 8.7 per 10,000. All 14 early-onset cases (1943 to 1949) were in patients 11 to 45 years old in 1940; all but 2 late-onset cases (1952 to 1960) were in persons aged up to 10 years old in 1940. British troops occupied the Faroese in large numbers for five years beginning in April, 1940. During the war, all but 3 patients resided in locations where the troops were stationed, and these 3 also had direct contact with the British. We conclude that there was an epidemic of MS on the Faroes and that the disease was probably introduced by the British troops (or their baggage). If so, then MS on the Faroes is a transmissible disease, most likely infectious; but only about 1 in 500 of the exposed individuals were clinically affected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Lysolecithin fusion of cells from multiple sclerosis patients with Vero cells.

Investigations were performed on cell cultures derived from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in order to trace a possible virus infection as a cause of the disease. Cell cultures were established from one brain autopsy specimen and four lymph node biopsies from MS patients. Lymphocytes from 28 MS patients and six healthy controls were used for fusion or cocultivation experiments, either immediately after isolation or after mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Lysolecithin fusion and cocultivation experiments were made with Vero cells and with, respectively: cultured brain cells, lymph node cells and lymphocytes from MS patients. Electron microscopical examination revealed intranuclear filamentous structures in 5 per cent of the cells in primary cultures of MS brain and lymph node and in control skin organ cultures. Multinucleated cells were found in six out of 19 cocultures of Vero cells and MS lymphocytes preincubated for 2 days at 37 degrees C. The cultures were tested for the presence of viruses, i.e. measles virus and virus producing hemadsorption with human type O and/or guinea pig erythrocytes and virus against which the MS patients showed serum FA-antibodies. No virus antigen could be demonstrated in the cells.

Adult↗