Biomedical subjects

K I Airede

Publications and source records attributed to K I Airede.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Neural tube defects in the middle belt of Nigeria.

Forty-two babies were found to have neural tube defects during a 3-year prospective study in a large cosmopolitan West African city. An incidence of 7/1000 deliveries was noted. The commonest defect was meningomyelocele, in 45 per cent of cases. Other defects comprised anencephaly (5 per cent), Arnold-Chiari malformation (7 per cent), encephalocele (19 per cent), occipital meningocele (14 per cent) and spina bifida occulta (10 per cent). No case of consanguinity was encountered. More defects were found among females and low birth weight infants among those whose mothers were aged between 20 and 30 years, and in mothers with parity of four and above. The commonest associated defect was talipes equinus in 15/42 (36 per cent) infants. Developmental assessments (neurological follow-up status) done at the age of 18 months on five surviving cases of meningomyelocele showed very poor development.

Female↗

PubMed1992

Meconium aspiration syndrome--unusual features.

A term infant with the meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is described. He had the typical clinical course of the disease despite appearing well nourished, and with good Apgar scores. At 5 months of age, he continued to do well with no sequelae. The reason for the initial passage of meconium in-utero remained speculative. The fact that the disease is preventable is emphasised.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

Should we resuscitate? Ethical dilemmas.

Over a 2-year period, there were 312 perinatal deaths. A total of 144 (46.2%) of these deaths were due to lack of or delayed resuscitation at birth. This group comprised 45 infants with multiple congenital abnormalities, 31 with severe birth asphyxia, 25 with meningomyelocele, 20 with infections and 15 with kernicterus. Taking the decision not to resuscitate may be difficult, perplexing and agonizing for the families and health professionals. The decision may be easier if one can prognosticate as to intact survival and development. The physician, though he is not God, has to be firm and decisive--if intact survival or satisfactory developmental outcome is very unlikely, then ther is probably no need to resuscitate.

Ethics, Medical↗

PubMed1991

Neonatal seizures and a 2-year neurological outcome.

A study of 57 infants with neonatal seizures admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit of the Jos University Teaching Hospital over a 3-year period showed perinatal asphyxia and hypoglycaemia as the principal aetiologic factors in 47 and 19 per cent of the cases, respectively. Seizures were commoner in preterm infants, and among them outcome was also poorer. As regards aetiological factors, outcome was poorest with perinatal asphyxia; with a mean (SD) mental age of 72.5 (9.1) weeks at a chronological age of 24 months. Outcome in infants with seizures and coma was most favourably predicted by the absence of abnormal neurological signs, and the way the infant was feeding at 7-10 days. All infants who were clinically and neurologically normal and taking more than half their estimated requirements by mouth at 7 days were not handicapped. The overall incidence was 7.5/1000 live births. The mortality (19.3 per cent) was closely related to the aetiology. In view of the fact that the associated adverse perinatal events are largely preventable, improved prenatal and perinatal health care delivery should lead to a decline in the frequency of neonatal seizures.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1991

Prader-Willi syndrome: a case report.

A case of a male infant presenting in the neonatal period is described to highlight the morbidity of Prader-Willi. His features included marked hypotonia, feeding difficulty, hypogonadism and typically dysmorphic facies. Marked improvement in muscle tone was noted by 5 months of age. Emphasis is placed on its neonatal presentation and possible aetiologic mechanisms. The natural history is also noted.

Humans↗

PubMed1990

Congenital miliary tuberculosis.

A case of a premature baby who had the classical problems associated with congenital tuberculosis and presented a difficult diagnostic problem is described. Diagnosis was ultimately confirmed by liver biopsy. Treatment was initially with isoniazid alone, followed 2 weeks later by isoniazid and rifampicin. Isoniazid was replaced by ethambutol when an isoniazid-resistant culture was obtained. The baby responded extremely well to therapy and, at 2-year follow-up, was growing satisfactorily without any sequelae. To my knowledge, this is the first case of congenital tuberculosis with a miliary spread to be seen, treated and followed up in the developing world, where tuberculosis is prevalent.

Antitubercular Agents↗

PubMed1986

Hidden sources of fluid and sodium intake in ill newborns.

Fluids used for flushing arterial catheters, bronchial lavage, and drug administration are not normally considered when assessing daily fluid intake, yet infants weighing less than 1000 g at birth gained up to 12 ml/kg/day of extra fluid and 2.4 mmol/kg/day (mean) of extra sodium from these hidden sources.

Critical Care↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Renovascular hypertension in a newborn: necessity of assessing blood pressure routinely.

A 7-day old neonate presented with heart failure secondary to severe hypertension. The hypertension was discovered on day 9 of life. Control of his hypertension was a difficult problem eventually requiring continuous intravenous sodium nitroprusside therapy, and ultimately a nephrectomy. The nephrectomized specimen revealed renal artery stenosis, renal artery thrombosis and renal vein thrombosis. His eventual outcome was excellent.

Biopsy↗