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Biomedical subjects

K I Glassberg

Publications and source records attributed to K I Glassberg.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ambiguous genitalia: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment.

The pediatric radiologist plays a significant role in the evaluation and the treatment of infants with ambiguous genitalia. On the first day of life, an investigation should be initiated that includes studies, in particular a sonogram, to demonstrate the presence or absence of a uterus, and a genitogram to define the presence of a vagina. Once gender assignment has been made, information regarding the size of the vagina and its position in regard to the urogenital sinus becomes essential to the pediatric urologist when planning a course for reconstruction. Herein we break down intersex states into four major categories: female pseudohermaphroditism, male pseudohermaphroditism without müllerian structures, and male hermaphroditism with müllerian structures and true hermaphroditism. The role of the radiologist in each of these states is discussed.

Disorders of Sex Development↗
PubMed1991

Testicular scintigraphic findings two to three months after torsion. Correlation with sonography and histopathology.

A patient with a nontender testicular mass had sonographic abnormalities compatible with but not entirely typical of a chronic torsion. His scintigraphic studies, done on the same day as ultrasonography and 1 month later, revealed only findings consistent with a very mild subsiding scrotal inflammatory process. On surgical exploration and pathologic examination, it was found that he had an organizing infarct of the testicle secondary to torsion. The clinical history, diagnostic studies, and microscopic slides of the surgical specimen were reviewed. It appeared that tissue granulation and lipogranulomatous changes in the epididymis, known histologic sequelae to the unusually prolonged testicular torsion of 2-3 months, produced scintigraphic findings different from those which have been described for a late or an atrophic torsion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Traumatic strictures of the prostatomembranous urethra in children: radiologic evaluation before and after urethral reconstruction.

Impassible strictures of the posterior urethra are frequent sequelae of injuries of the prostatomembranous urethra. To select the appropriate type of urethral reconstructive procedure, the surgeon must know the length of the stricture, whether local complications are present, and whether the anterior urethra is strictured or bound down by fibrosis. The authors describe the radiographic techniques they use to plan urethral reconstruction and evaluate the operative result. The principles of the one-stage transperineal and combined transpubic-transperineal repairs and the two-stage Turner-Warwick scrotal skin inlay urethroplasty are presented to enable radiologists and urologists to interpret contrast studies of the lower urinary tract in patients who have undergone these operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Partial tears of prostatomembranous urethra in children.

Five boys having sustained a pelvic fracture were found to have incomplete tears of the prostatomembranous urethra. Three patients were treated with suprapubic cystostomy drainage alone and fared better than 2 who were treated with urethral catheter stenting and drainage. A recommendation is made for the "hands-off" approach to the evaluation and management of membranous urethral injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The radiographic approach to injuries of the prostatomembranous urethra in children.

We favor initial non-operative treatment (suprapubic cystostomy drainage only) for prostatomenbranous urethral injuries in children and adolescents. Non-operative treatment usually results in uncomplicated strictures that can be corrected by a 1-stage transperineal or transpublic operation 4 to 6 months later. A hands-off diagnostic approach, which relies on excretory urography and retrograde injection urethrography to demonstrate partial and complete tears, eliminates the need for blind passage of catheters, an invasive procedure that may lead to complicated strictures unsuitable for a 1-stage repair. If a 1-stage repair is planned it is necessary to determine the length of the stricture, whether there are local complications and whether the anterior urethra can be widely mobilized. The radiographic techniques used to plan a corrective operation and to evaluate the results are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Vesicoperineal accessory urethra.

A previously undescribed form of accessory urethra was found in 2 boys. In each the supernumerary urethra originated from the bladder, just anterior to the vesical neck, passed anterior to the prostate and crossed the normal urethra. In 1 case the channel ended blindly and in the other it opened on the posterior aspect of the scrotum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The pseudo-obstructed bladder in enuretic children.

In a minority of enuretic children with severe day symptoms, and especially when there is urinary infection, there a bladder diverticula and trabeculation and possbily also harmful vesicoureteric reflux which suggest the presence of an infravesical obstruction. However, in 11 children with this syndrome who underwent urodynamic studies, no anatomical or functional obstruction was demonstrable. It is contended that the obstructive signs are the result of uninhibited detrusor contractions being voluntarily resisted by contraction of the external urethral sphincter so that abnormallay high intravesical pressures result. Management involves the use of detrusor-inhibitory drugs. Ureteric reimplantation may be needed for reflux. In the majority of cases symptoms improve with time but the bladder diverticula persist.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Pelvic hydronephrosis in children: a review of 219 personal cases.

A series of 238 hydronephrotic kidneys in 219 children is reported. The condition was more common in the male than in the female subject and occurred more frequently on the left side. It was often bilateral, especially in infants, with an abdominal mass as the common presenting feature. Loin or abdominal pain was the most frequent complaint in older children. In some cases hydronephrosis presented as a ruptured kidney following trauma. Only 1 patient was hypertensive. The lesion was asymptomatic in 18 cases and the incidence of urinary infection was low. Dismembered pyeloureteroplasty was the procedure of choice for reconstruction. Preliminary nephrostomy was used rarely and nephrectomy was done in 10 per cent of the kidneys. Of the 7 reoperations 4 were for persistent obstruction and 3 were because stones had formed after the pyeloplasty. The late results, assessed clinically and radiologically, have been entirely satisfactory. Many kidneys of initially doubtful value showed useful improvement after reconstructive operation and no secondary nephrectomies were performed. The only death in the series occurred 2 1/2 years postoperatively and was unrelated to the urinary tract.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Ileal conduit surgery with a nippled ureteroileal anastomosis.

A nippled ureteroileal anastomosis was performed in 37 patients. Follow-up examination showed reflux to be absent in most patients. Ureteroileal stenosis developed in 1 patient, and this was the only patient in the series who had a clinical attack of pyelonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Intrarenal reflux and its relationship to renal scarring.

Intrarenal reflux found during voiding cystourethrography in children has been suggested to be a significant factor in the production of renal damage. To investigate its incidence and effect on renal growth the records and roentgenograms of 150 children with known vesicoureteral reflux were reviewed. Of these children 15 had evidence of intrarenal reflux. Their IVPs were studied for signs of renal parenchymal damage at the time of the initial voiding cystogram as well as up to 4 years later. Evidence of renal damage was seen in 4 of the 15 patients with intrarenal reflux. These same 4 children had gross vesicoureteral reflux.

Adolescent↗