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Biomedical subjects

K Inanaga

Publications and source records attributed to K Inanaga.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effects of Neurotropin on polysomnographic patterns in normal humans.

The effects of Neurotropin, an analgesic drug, on polysomnographic patterns were investigated in 6 male healthy volunteers aged from 18 to 23 years (mean age 21.1 years). Polysomnographic recordings were made for 6 consecutive nights from each subject. An inert placebo, identical to the Neurotropin tablets, was given on the first 3 nights and on the sixth night. Forty-eight mg of Neurotropin (4 tablets containing 12 mg of Neurotropin each) was administered on the fourth and fifth nights. The drug and placebo were administered orally 30 min before starting the record of polysomnograms, i.e. around 22.00 h and continued until the natural awakening of the subjects the next morning. The polysomnographic record of the first night was discarded from the data, because of the first night effect. Neurotropin, given on the fourth night, significantly reduced total sleep time, stage 3 and percent of stage 3 as compared to those of the baseline placebo nights. Neurotropin given on the fifth night significantly decreased only total awakening time. These effects were not observed on the sixth placebo night (recovery night). As for the subjective assessments, no obvious changes were observed after administration of the drug. These results suggest that Neurotropin decreases total sleep time as well as stage 3 sleep. However, these effects are transient and unaccompanied by rebound phenomena. It is further suggested that Neurotropin seems to elevate slightly and transiently the arousal level.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Effects of ethyl loflazepate (CM 6912) on sleep in normal humans.

The effects of 2 mg and 4 mg of ethyl loflazepate (CM 6912), a new anxiolytic benzodiazepine, on sleep were studied in 12 healthy male subjects. Polygraphic recordings were made for 6 consecutive nights from each subject. An inert placebo was given on the first 3 nights and on the sixth night, and 2 mg or 4 mg of CM 6912 was administered on the fourth and fifth nights to 6 subjects, respectively. The drug and placebo were administered orally 30 min after supper, and the record of polysomnograms started at 22:30 hr and continued until the natural awakening of the subjects the next morning. The polysomnograms were evaluated by computerized automatic analysis using the method of interval histogram. Both doses of CM 6912 increased total sleep time, and reduced sleep latency and total awakening in a dose-dependent manner. Both doses slightly decreased stage 1 sleep, significantly increased stage 2 sleep, but slightly decreased stages 3, 4 and REM sleep. These changes continued into the sixth recovery night. No obvious changes were observed in subjective assessments after administration of CM 6912. These results suggest that CM 6912 is an efficacious compound and has minimal adverse effects on sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Individual differences in psychophysiological responses after alcohol ingestion.

We have conducted a study on the individual differences in psychophysiological responses to alcohol. The subjects were 12 flushers and 12 non-flushers. In the flushers, significant increases in the blood acetaldehyde (AcH) level, skin temperature and pulse rate were found. In the non-flushers, on the contrary, no significant increase was observed. There was no difference between the flushers and the non-flushers concerning the change in the blood ethanol (EtOH) level nor the change of P1 and P2 latencies in photopalpebral reflex (PPR). Also, no difference was found in the change of the state anxiety level. From these results, we concluded that there exists an obvious discrepancy between the central inhibitory response (elicited by EtOH) and the autonomic response (elicited by AcH) of the human subjects to a small amount of alcohol.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1987

Nondominant temporal lobe epilepsy with depressive reaction.

A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of insomnia and psychomotor retardation. This is her second admission. She was diagnosed as having depression and began to receive antidepressants. Her conditions got better after the treatment but the depressive state occurred again after she stopped taking those drugs. As EEG showed some spike discharges at the nondominant temporal lobe area, she was given anticonvulsants this time. Her depressive state improved rapidly by taking anticonvulsants instead of the antidepressants. The spike discharges at the nondominant temporal lobe area disappeared when the clinical symptoms improved.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of the TRH analog DN-1417 on the appearance of frontal midline theta activity (Fm0)].

The distinct 0 rhythm which appears in the frontal midline area during the performance of mental tasks is called Fm0. The appearance of Fm0 shows individual differences and a close relationship to the personality traits of the subject. It is also reported that administration of diazepam or alcohol brings about an increase of Fm0 along with lowering of the anxiety level. In the present study, the TRH analog DN-1417 (80 mg) was administered to 8 healthy male students for 15 days. They were all extrovert in nature and had no great neurotic tendencies as measured by the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). EEG recording, determination of the blood concentration of DN-1417, and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I) were carried out before, during, and after drug administration. The appearance of Fm0 showed significant increase during and just after drug administration. As to anxiety, the STAI-I score showed no significant change. There was no correlation between blood concentration and Fm0. From these results, we considered that the change of appearance of Fm0 due to drug administration was not necessarily associated with change of the anxiety level, and that DN-1417, a DA releaser, increased the appearance of Fm0.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

5-Hydroxytryptamine and (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide displace [3H]thyrotropin-releasing hormone at its binding sites in the rat limbic forebrain.

Binding of [3H]thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to its receptors in the rat limbic forebrain was partially displaced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, ligand for 5-HT1 receptors) and (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide ((+)-LSD, ligand for 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors) at nanomolar concentrations. Spiperone (ligand for 5-HT2 receptors) displaced [3H]TRH in a dose-dependent manner at micromolar concentrations. These results suggest that some TRH receptors are related to 5-HT1 receptors, probably adjoining them on the membrane. This type of TRH receptor is shown to be among the high-affinity receptors which we reported previously. The significance of the receptor-coexistence is such that TRH facilitates serotonergic transmission by increasing the density of 5-HT1 receptors. This finding seems to support a pharmacological observation of other investigators that TRH potentiates 5-HT-induced hyperactivity in mice, probably by affecting postsynaptic 5-HT receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A treatment trial with an analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (DN-1417) and des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin in schizophrenia.

Clinical prospects of an analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (DN-1417) and des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) in schizophrenia were examined by using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the electroencephalogram (EEG). Twelve inpatients with chronic schizophrenia were administered fixed doses of neuroleptics throughout the study. Six patients were treated with DN-1417 (DN-1417 group), and the remaining 6 patients with DT gamma E (DY gamma E group). One mg/day of DN-1417 or DT gamma E was given intramuscularly for 2 consecutive weeks followed by 1 week of no drug treatment. In the DN-1417 group, both total BPRS scores and scores on hallucinatory behaviour and unusual thought content decreased in the first and third weeks. The power values of alpha and beta activities from the frontal area increased in the first and third weeks, whereas an increase in alpha activity and a decrease of high-fast beta activity from the occipital area were obtained during the study. On the other hand, the DT gamma E group failed to show either a decrease in BPRS scores or any remarkable EEG changes except for a slight decrease in beta activity. These results suggest that the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are improved by DN-1417 treatment, and that the alterations in BPRS scores coincide with changes in the frontal EEG.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of centrally acting drugs on the frontal midline theta activity in man.

The frontal midline theta activity which appears during a performance of mental tasks has been designated as Fm theta. Sixteen male university students who showed the appearance of Fm theta in 3 consecutive days were given 4 centrally acting drugs, i.e., diazepam 5 mg, amobarbital 80 mg, methylphenidate 15 mg and placebo, in a double-blind, crossover design. Scores were made on the state anxiety scale of Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and EEGs were recorded monopolarly before and during the performance of an arithmetic addition. The test was done twice, before and one hour after the drug administration. Placebo increased the appearance time of Fm theta, decreased the STAI scores and increased the tasks. Diazepam increased the appearance of Fm theta and decreased the state of anxiety but did not influence the amount of tasks. Amobarbital changed neither the appearance of Fm theta nor STAI scores but decreased the tasks slightly. Methylphenidate failed to influence the appearance of Fm theta but increased both the STAI scores and performed tasks. These results suggest that the appearance of Fm theta is influenced by the drugs and that the relief from anxiety might be involved in the appearance of Fm theta.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A useful tool for predicting the clinical effects of hypnotics in humans: averaged photopalpebral reflex.

The averaged photopalpebral reflex (PPR) is an index which objectively assesses the arousal level of humans. The dose-response curve of flunitrazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative, was investigated by using PPR in the present study. Ten healthy male university students were given flunitrazepam 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 1.5 mg, 2.0 mg and placebo in a double-blind, crossover design. PPR and subjective assessment were recorded before and after drug administration. P1 and P2 latencies of PPR were prolonged by flunitrazepam 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 1.5 mg in a dose-dependent manner. The prolongation of latencies by flunitrazepam 2.0 mg was weaker than that by 1.5 mg, but was more potent than that by 1.0 mg. In self-assessments, sleepiness, muscle weakness and vagueness of thought were observed after drug ingestion. Sleepiness was correlated with the prolongation of the PPR latencies. These results suggest that PPR could be a useful tool for psychopharmacological investigations in normal humans, that flunitrazepam might be a clinically potent hypnotic drug, and that its peak effect occurs 2-3 h after administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Hyperbaric oxygenation treatment of the after-effects of carbon monoxide poisoning].

Following a symptom-free interval of 2 weeks after acute carbon monoxide poisoning a 38-year-old previously healthy man gradually developed impairment of drive and movement, disturbed memory, disorientation, mutism and abnormal gait. Finally, an apallic syndrome developed. After a total of 40 periods of hyperbaric oxygen administration the patient recovered completely and resumed his work. The EEG improved during the treatment more rapidly than the clinical picture. The electropolysomnograph changed in parallel to the clinical picture. Computed tomography on admission to hospital demonstrated a zone of lower density in the region of the right globus pallidus. This finding was no longer demonstrable after the patient had fully recovered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on the arousal level of normal humans assessed by the averaged photopalpebral reflex.

The effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative, ethyl loflazepate (CM6912), on the arousal level of normal male human subjects were investigated by use of the averaged photopalpebral reflex (PPR), the latency of which is sensitively prolonged with the lowering of the arousal level. Four doses of ethyl loflazepate, i.e., 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, and 8 mg, and a placebo were administered to each subject 30 min after lunch according to a double-blind, crossover design. Ethyl loflazepate prolonged both latencies of PPR in a dose-dependent manner. The dose-response curves for both latencies, derived from the maximum prolongation, showed a definite and linear dose-response relationship. The drug action occurred within 1 h, peaked at 2.5-3 h, and continued slightly even 4 h after medication. In the subjective assessments, vagueness of thought, sleepiness, and weakness were only slightly observed. These results suggest that ethyl loflazepate could be a potent hypnotic and/or anxiolytic which possesses a relatively rapid onset of action with moderate duration and has no severe side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A case of cerebral infarction showing periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges.

This is a report about the case of a 37-year-old female with left temporal damage due to a cerebral infarction and showing periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). A hypsarhythmia-like pattern was observed a week after the onset. A repeat tracing of EEGs taken two weeks after the onset clarified the presence of PLEDs, consisting of a lateralized slow spike discharge in a rhythmic fashion at a frequency of every 1.6 seconds. PLEDs disappeared two months after the onset, and EEG activity normalized three months after the onset. But, her regressive behavior, crying before her doctor, which was considered to be due to a personality change, persisted for some years.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Various types of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in discrete brain regions and the pituitary of the rat.

Receptors for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the rat brain and the pituitary are heterogenous. The receptors were classified into four types according to the dissociation constant (KD). High-affinity receptors (KD less than 3 nM) are present in the pituitary, hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic forebrain which contains the nucleus accumbens and the septum. Intermediate-affinity receptors (KD, 5-16 nM) are evidently present in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, and the brainstem, but may also be present in other regions. Low-affinity TRH receptors (KD, 50-80 nM) are seen in the limbic forebrain, amygdala, and the hypothalamus. Very-low-affinity receptors (KD, 215 nM) exist in the pituitary. Experiments using DN-1417 (gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-histidyl-prolinamide citrate), a synthetic TRH analogue with a more potent central activity, indicated the presence of TRH receptors having a high affinity to DN-1417 at least in the limbic forebrain but not in the pituitary. This type of receptor is not labeled by [3H](3-methyl-histidine2)-TRH. Density of the TRH receptor is the highest in the pituitary and next highest in the amygdala.

Amygdala↗