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Biomedical subjects

K Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to K Inoue.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A tetrahydroisoquinoline-monoterpene glucoside and an iridoid glucoside from Alangium kurzii.

From the leaves of Alangium kurzii, a new tetrahydroisoquinoline-monoterpene glucoside, 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylipecosidic acid and a new iridoid glucoside, 10-O-benzoyladoxosidic acid, were isolated along with alangiside, demethylalangiside, 6''-O-beta-D-glucosylhenryoside, uridine and four known flavonoid glycosides. The structures of new glucosides were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2000

[ATP receptors in pain].

Extracellular ATP has been known to activate sensory neurons via the ATP-gated ion channels P2X receptors, leading to the proposal that the P2X receptors may play a role in signal transduction of pain from the peripheral site to the spinal cord in vivo. P2X3 receptors are expressed in capsaicin-sensitive small-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and they are involved in the generation of rapidly desensitizing inward current and evoking nocifensive behavior and thermal hyperalgesia. Heteromeric P2X2/3 (P2X2 and P2X3) receptor is expressed in capsaicin-insensitive primary afferent fibers, and its activation leads to the generation of slow desensitizing currents and induction of mechanical allodynia. In addition, accumulating information suggests the involvement of G protein-coupled ATP receptors in the modulation of the generation and transmission of pain.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2000

Effects of rifampin on the glutathione depletion and cytochrome c reduction by acetaminophen reactive metabolites in an in vitro P450 enzyme system.

The present study examined whether rifampin attenuated glutathione (GSH) depletion by acetaminophen reactive metabolites generated in the in vitro P450 enzyme system prepared from mouse liver and the possible mechanism involved in this effect. The results showed that GSH concentration was decreased concentration-dependently by acetaminophen in the in vitro P450 enzyme system. Rifampin significantly attenuated acetaminophen-mediated GSH depletion in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration-response curve for GSH depletion of acetaminophen was shifted to the right in a parallel fashion in the presence of rifampin at the concentration of 3.2 x 10(-5) M, which appeared to result from the competitive binding of rifampin to acetaminophen metabolites. Cytochrome c was markedly reduced by acetaminophen metabolites in this enzyme system, and GSH concentration-dependently increased the cytochrome c reduction by acetaminophen metabolites. These findings suggested that cytochrome c was reduced by the GSH conjugate of acetaminophen metabolites rather than by acetaminophen-derived superoxide anion (O2*-) and other unbound free radicals. Rifampin was shown to possess an effect similar to that of GSH. It is concluded that the decrease in GSH depletion by rifampin is most likely attributable to the binding of rifampin to the acetaminophen toxic species, and the increase in cytochrome c reduction by rifampin is attributable to the conjugate formed between rifampin and acetaminophen metabolites.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2000

Long-term (>1 year) analyses of chimerism and tolerance in mixed allogeneic chimeric mice using normal mouse combinations.

We examined the induction of tolerance using pancreas allografts over the long term (>1 year) in mice for the human application of mixed allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). T cell-depleted BM cells (BMCs) of C57BL/6 (B6) and C3H/He (C3H) mice were transplanted at various ratios into lethally irradiated B6 mice. The percentages of C3H cells in the chimeric mice gradually decreased, finally declining to only a small percentage, except when the ratio of donor to recipient BMCs was 100:1. However, despite the marked decreases in C3H-type cells, all the pancreas allografts of C3H mice were accepted when more than 1% C3H cells were detected in the peripheral blood. To examine the relationships between percentages of transplanted donor cells and acceptance of pancreas allografts, various percentages of donor and recipient BMCs (5% to 30%) were transplanted. It was found that more than 10% donor cells were necessary for the pancreas allografts to be accepted. In vitro assays for mixed lymphocyte reaction and generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes revealed that spleen cells in chimeric mice accepting pancreas allografts are tolerant to both host-type and donor-type major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants, but show a vigorous responsiveness to third-party MHC determinants. Since donor-type hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were detected in the BM and the liver of the chimeric mice, donor-derived HSCs and donor-derived hematolymphoid cells are responsible for the induction of tolerance. It should be noted that the percentage of donor-type HSCs is higher in the liver (6.2%) than in the BM (0.9%).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Dendritic cells in the rat pituitary gland evaluated by the use of monoclonal antibodies and electron microscopy.

A detailed analysis of the difference in the localization and the immunoreactivity for various surface markers among folliculo-stellate cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells was performed using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the rat pituitary gland. The folliculo-stellate cells were selectively labeled by an antiserum against S100 protein. The majority of dendritic cells were immunoreactive for the MHC class II (Ia) antigen (OX6) and/or the dendritic cell antibodies (OX62). The main population of macrophages was positive for the macrophage antibodies (ED1, ED2, and/or OX42). The cellular density of adenohypophyseal macrophages was significantly lower than that of folliculo-stellate cells and of dendritic cells. All the neurohypophyseal microglial cells were labeled with OX42, while the mAb OX6 labeled a small population of cells different from the cells identified by OX42 in the neurohypophysis. Double-immunoperoxidase staining for ED1 and OX6 revealed that positively stained cells could be classified into ED1+OX6-, ED1+OX6+, and ED1-OX6+ cells. Double staining with OX62 and OX6 mAbs showed that about 60% of the OX6+ cells were also immunolabeled with OX62 in the anterior lobe: OX62 detects a subpopulation of dendritic cells but does not recognize macrophage populations. Furthermore, double staining for S100 and OX6 resulted in no S100+ OX6+ cells. At the electron-microscopic level, reaction products for OX6 were confirmed in the cell membrane and labeled cells were distinguished from macrophages and folliculo-stellate cells by distinctive short, broad cytoplasmic processes and the rare presence of cytoplasmic organelles. Such cytological characteristics of the OX6-positive cells in the pituitary gland are similar to dendritic cells. Our results suggest that resident dendritic cells and folliculo-stellate cells are two different main components of interstitial cells in the pituitary gland.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Noninvasive imaging predicts failure load of the spine with simulated osteolytic defects.

BACKGROUND: The clinical management of lytic tumors of the spine is currently based on geometric measurements of the defect. However, the mechanical behavior of a structure depends on both its material and its geometric properties. Quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were investigated as noninvasive tools for measuring the material and geometric properties of vertebrae with a simulated lytic defect. From these measures, yield loads were predicted with use of composite beam theory. METHODS: Thirty-four fresh-frozen cadaveric spines were segmented into functional spinal units of three vertebral bodies with two intervertebral discs at the thoracic and lumbar levels. Lytic defects of equal size were created in one of three locations: the anterior, lateral, or posterior region of the vertebra. Each spinal unit was scanned with use of computed tomography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and axial and bending rigidities were calculated from the image data. Each specimen was brought to failure under combined compression and forward flexion, and the axial load and bending moment at yield were recorded. RESULTS: Although the relative defect size was nearly constant, measured yield loads had a large dispersion, suggesting that defect size alone was a poor predictor of failure. However, image-derived measures of structural rigidity correlated moderately well with measured yield loads. Furthermore, with use of composite beam theory with quantitative computed tomography-derived rigidities, vertebral yield loads were predicted on a one-to-one basis (concordance, r(c) = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Although current clinical guidelines for predicting fracture risk are based on geometric measurements of the defect, we have shown that the relative size of the defect alone does not account for the variation in vertebral yield loads. However, composite beam theory analysis with quantitative computed tomography-derived measures of rigidity can be used to prospectively predict the yield loads of vertebrae with lytic defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Image-predicted vertebral yield loads and analytical models that approximate loads applied to the spine during activities of daily living can be used to calculate a factor of fracture risk that can be employed by physicians to plan appropriate treatment or intervention.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

Successful catheter ablation against ventricular tachycardia associated with myotonic dystrophy.

Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is characterized by myotonia and muscular dystrophy and cardiac involvement with tachy-arrhythmia is rarely encountered. We report a case of MD complicated with severe left ventricular hypofunction and incessant ventricular tachycardia (VT) with varying heart rates. The morphology of VT suggested that it originated from the right ventricular outflow tract, and electrophysiological study disclosed that the mechanism of VT was abnormal automaticity. Catheter ablation was performed to treat this VT. The patient had a cardiomyopathy with normal coronary arteries. The specimen of RV biopsy showed moderate hypertrophy, mild fat infiltration and slight fibrosis. These findings are histologically consistent with myotonic dystrophy.

Bradycardia↗
PubMed2000

Hypercoagulopathy with piperacillin administration in osteomyelitis.

A 51-year-old man with osteomyelitis developed acute renal failure and superior mesenteric venous (SMV) thrombosis after piperacillin (PIPC) treatment. Coagulation profile disclosed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The serum levels of IgE and eosinophil cationic protein showed significant increases, while a lymphocyte stimulation test with PIPC also demonstrated an extremely high index. These observations suggest that hypersensitivity to PIPC might play a role in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure and SMV thrombosis due to hypercoagulopathy. Withdrawal of PIPC and anticoagulation therapy resulted in clinical improvement and normalization of the affected laboratory data. This is the first report to describe PIPC-induced hypercoagulopathy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2000

An immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins in skin-limited amyloidosis.

The frequency of amyloid deposits in cases of seborrheic keratosis was investigated In addition, the origin of amyloid protein(s) in lichen amyloidosis, macular amyloidosis and seborrheic keratosis was studied by immunohistochemical staining using a panel of anti-cytokeratin (CK) monoclonal antibodies. Amyloid deposits were found in 41 of 327 specimens (12.5%) from 301 cases of seborrheic keratosis. Amyloid deposits in seborrheic keratosis reacted with 6 of 12 CK antibodies and in lichen and macular amyloidosis (20 specimens) reacted with 5 of 12 CK antibodies. In seborrheic keratosis, antibody DE-K10 (labeling CK10) reacted with amyloid in 17 of 36 cases, antibody 34betaE12 (labeling CK1, 5, 10, 14) reacted in 33 of 39 cases, and antibody MNF116 (labeling CK5, 6, 8, 17) reacted in 32 of 35 cases. Among 20 specimens from lichen and macular amyloidosis, the three antibodies reacted with amyloid in the following rates: 1 with antibody DE-K10, all 20 with antibody 34betaE12, and 6 with antibody MNF116. These results suggest that amyloid deposits in seborrheic keratosis and lichen and macular amyloidosis may derive from epidermal cytokeratins.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Nitric oxide mediates inhibitory effect of losartan on angiotensin-induced contractions in hamster but not rat aorta.

We investigated a possible contribution of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins to the inhibitory effect of losartan on contractions to Ang I (10(-6) M) and Ang II (10(-7) M) with or without L-NAME (10(-4) M) or indomethacin (10(-5) M) in the aorta of WKY, SHR and hamster (n=7 each). Rings of thoracic aorta (2-mm long) were placed in a myograph (5 ml). Endothelium-dependent vasodilations were evaluated with acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-6) M). After a 45-minute incubation with L-NAME under a resting tension of 2 g, only hamster aorta contracted (p<0.01). The SHR aorta showed impaired relaxations to acetylcholine compared with the WKY and hamster aorta (p<0.05). Despite the difference in the stimulated NO release, losartan completely abolished the responses to Ang I and Ang II both in WKY and SHR vessels irrespective of the presence of L-NAME. In contrast to the rat aorta, the inhibitory effect of losartan was attenuated in the presence of L-NAME in the hamster aorta (78% vs 99% inhibition, p<0.05). Indomethacin did not alter the effect of losartan in any vessels. Our results suggest that the presence of NO, particularly a basal secretion of NO, is necessary for the full expression of the inhibitory effect of losartan in the hamster, but not in WKY or SHR, aorta. Unlike NO, prostaglandins do not appear to play a role in the effect of losartan.

Angiotensins↗
PubMed2000

Alterations of the PPP1R3 gene in hematological malignancies.

PPP1R3 (protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 7q31, since nonsense and missense mutations of the PPP1R3 gene have been detected in a variety of human cancers. Loss of chromosome 7q is a recurrent abnormality in hematological malignancies, especially of myeloid lineage, and a common region of 7q deletions has been mapped to 7q31. Thus, it has been suggested that 7q31 harbors a tumor suppressor gene whose functional loss contributes to leukemogenesis. To evaluate the possible involvement of the PPP1R3 gene in the development of hematological malignancies, we examined 72 leukemia and lymphoma cell lines for alterations of the PPP1R3 gene by PCR-SSCP and direct sequence analyses. Mutations were detected in 1 (2.8%) of 36 myeloid cell lines, 4 (20.0%) of 20 B-lineage lymphoid cell lines and none of 16 T-lineage lymphoid cell lines. All the mutations were heterozygous, and they consisted of two missense mutations and three silent mutations. The PPP1R3 gene was expressed in cell lines of various cell lineages. These results indicate that PPP1R3 is not a major target of 7q deletions in myeloid leukemia, however, alterations of the PPP1R3 gene may contribute to the development of a subset of hematological malignancies.

Amino Acid Substitution↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic evaluation of chondral lesions of the knee.

This study compared the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to arthroscopy in detecting localized chondral lesions of the knee, especially lesion depth, in 28 patients with 32 femoral and tibial lesions. Average patient age was 24.3 years. Chondral lesions were classified according to five grades. The sensitivity of MRI was 100% for grade 3 (deep) and higher lesions, but was less for superficial chondral lesions. Arthroscopic and MRI grades coincided for only three lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging was not so accurate regarding depth even for deep chondral lesions, although subchondral lesions undetectable by arthroscopy often were detected by MRI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Bilateral facial palsy in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection--a case report].

We report a 37-year-old male with bilateral peripheral facial palsy associated with HIV infection. He was serologically tested for HIV and was found to be positive (by Western blot and ELISA). Serum chemistry studies showed elevated HIV RNA and were negative for p24 antigen. The CD4+ count was 533 cells x 10(6) per liter, with a CD4+:CD8+ ratio of 0.47. Since there was no evidence of any other underlying systemic illness, his facial palsy was considered to be secondary to HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Adding silanes to MMA: the effects on the water absorption, adhesive strength and mechanical properties of acrylic denture base resins.

The adhesive strength of porcelain artificial teeth and polymethylmethacrylates (PMMAs), which contained silanes with various number of vinyl or ethoxy groups, and the mechanical and physical properties of the PMMAs were measured. Four types of PMMAs with silanes showed high adhesive shear strength and caused fractures in the porcelain. Water absorption of the PMMAs increased with the addition of silane, but that of one type with silane was almost the same as the PMMA only type. The flexural strengths of the PMMAs with silane, except for one type, showed no significant differences compared with that of PMMA (p < 0.05). The Tg levels of all PMMAs with silane fell less than that of PMMA. From these results, it was found that PMMA with silane from three vinyl groups and one ethoxy group showed excellent chemical bonding to porcelain and low water absorption.

Absorption↗