PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to K Inoue.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Influence of biliary obstruction on neutrophil chemotaxis.

The effect of obstructive jaundice on neutrophil chemotactic function was investigated, with a potent chemotactic factor, IL-8 (recombinant rat GRO-beta), in rats that received 7-day bile duct ligation. Carrageenin or IL-8 was injected into a preformed air pouch, and exudate was collected 4 h later for measurement of myeloperoxidase activity. In vitro chemotaxis of peripheral neutrophils to IL-8 was evaluated by a modified Boyden chamber method. Both carrageenin and IL-8 induced significantly pronounced intra-air pouch neutrophil recruitment in the bile duct-ligated group compared with a sham-ligated group. In vitro neutrophil chemotaxis was significantly increased in the bile duct-ligated group compared with the sham-ligated group. The present experimental model suggests enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis to IL-8 in obstructive jaundice.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Changes in lung lobar volume and bronchial deformity after right upper lobectomy.

To explore the anatomical repositioning of the middle lobe following right upper (RU) lobectomy, we measured the lobar volumes of the lung and the branching angles of the airway, and defined their changes after RU lobectomy in a rabbit model. Groups A1 (n = 10) and A2 (n = 10) were control groups and groups B1 (n = 10) and B2 (n = 10) underwent RU lobectomy. Casting material was introduced into the airway and a heart-lung bloc was removed form the thoracic cavity in all groups. In groups A1 and B1, the volume of each lobe of the bilateral lungs was measured, while in groups A2 and B2, bronchial casts were made and the branching angles of the airway were measured. The volume ratio of the right upper lobe (RUL) to the total lung was 12.0 +/- 0.4% in group A1; however, after RU lobectomy, the volume ratio of the right middle lobe (RML) to the total lung increased from 8.7 +/- 0.6% in group A1 to 13.5 +/- 0.8% in group B1. The volume of the left lung also increased from 43.0 +/- 0.5% in group A1 to 48.8 +/- 1.1% in group B1. The angle between the truncus intermedius and the RML bronchus was significantly smaller in group B2, at 109.0 +/- 3.5 degrees, than in group A2, in which it was 138.5 +/- 1.7 degrees. The angle between the RML bronchus and the coronal plane was 57.5 +/- 2.5 degrees in group A2 and 33.5 +/- 3.3 degrees in group B2. Our method of measuring the bronchial branching angle subsequent to RU lobectomy proved useful to illustrate postoperative positional changes and expansion of the remaining lobes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Complications and management of microwave coagulation therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors.

Microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) has been widely used, both percutaneously and directly, as effective minimal invasive therapy for liver tumors. To facilitate the use of MCT, we describe the complications we have encountered, and their possible management and prophylaxis. MCT was performed for 42 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and for 29 with metastatic liver tumors, following which complications developed in 14.2% and 20.6% of the HCC and metastatic groups, respectively. The complications included abscess, biloma, bleeding, hepatic failure, and dissemination of cancer cells. In the HCC group, the mean value of tumor size and the clinical stage of patients with complications were significantly larger (P = 0.006) and higher (P = 0.032), respectively, than those of patients without complications. The incidence of complications increased significantly when the tumor size was more than 4cm (P = 0.008). Abscesses and bleeding were successfully treated using percutaneous drainage and interventional angiography, respectively, but as the other serious complications were not able to be treated effectively once induced, prophylaxis is important to facilitate MCT. Transcatheter cooling of the intrahepatic bile duct during MCT and the administration of an anticancer agent into the abdominal cavity are recommended to prevent biloma and dissemination, respectively. MCT is indicated for tumors less than 4 cm in diameter to reduce the risk of complications. The prophylaxis and treatment of these complications enhance the safety of MCT.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Increased nitric oxide production in the liver in the perioperative period of partial hepatectomy with Pringle's maneuver.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is no evidence that nitric oxide is produced in the liver during ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study examined the production of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy. METHODS: Twenty patients undergoing partial hepatectomy with only Pringle's maneuver were included. Peripheral blood was taken 1 day before the operation, during the operation (just after laparotomy and the first and last Pringle's maneuver) and 1 and 3 days after the operation, for measurement of plasma nitrate/nitrite, endotoxin and cytokine levels. Blood was also sampled from hepatic veins after Pringle's maneuver. Two liver specimens were taken from each patient, one before ischemia and one after partial hepatectomy, for the detection of inducible nitric oxide synthase. RESULTS: Average nitrate reached a maximum (33.5+/-3.4 micromol/l) after the final clamp (hepatic venous level). The increase in nitrate level during the operation correlated with the total duration of clamping. Endotoxin and interleukin-6 levels increased in a similar manner to nitrate levels, but tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels did not. In liver specimens taken after partial hepatectomy from patients, inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and protein were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Nitric oxide was produced in livers during ischemia/reperfusion injury and inducible nitric oxide synthase was involved in nitric oxide production.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Absence of rectoanal inhibitory reflex in a child with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B.

BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2B inherently present with gastrointestinal motility disorders as well as medullary thyroid carcinoma, adrenal pheochromocytoma, and Marfanoid habitus. METHODS: The authors examined gut motility function in a 7-year-old girl with MEN type 2B who had suffered from chronic constipation and recurrent acalculous cholecystitis since infancy. RESULTS: Results of total gastrointestinal barium meal and enema studies showed marked hypoperistalsis of the gut and entire colonic dilatation. Histopathologic study results of the gut wall from the stomach, duodenum, and rectum showed hyperplasia of the submucosal and intramuscular neural plexuses in all specimens. Anorectal manometry demonstrated disarrangement of the internal sphincter rhythmic wave and a complete absence of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that gut motility disorders in MEN type 2B are caused by inadequately organized autonomic nervous system activity that originates from hyperplasia of the enteric nervous system.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Familial occurrence of intestinal obstruction in children with the syndrome of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS).

The syndrome of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is an uncommon neuromuscular disorder caused by mitochondrial dysfunctions that result in headaches, seizures, and progressive dementia. The authors describe a clinical case study of gastrointestinal manifestations in a pedigree with MELAS, in which all three children, ages 11, 8, and 6, demonstrated acute onset of intestinal obstruction. They unexpectedly showed severe abdominal distension and vomiting. Their parents had no clinical manifestation. The first female sibling underwent an emergent laparotomy because she was diagnosed to have intestinal strangulation. She had postoperative complications caused by progressive lactic acidosis and died the next day. The second and third sisters had similar onsets of the disease and were treated with gastrointestinal decompression and intravenous administration of lactate-free fluid and coenzyme Q10. Genetic testing using blood samples showed an A-to-G point mutation at nucleotide position 3243 in the tRNALeu(UUR) region in the mitochondrial DNA. In MELAS children who demonstrate acute onset of gastrointestinal manifestations, a careful review of family history and an elevation of serum lactate and pyruvate levels may enable a differential diagnosis to be made of acute abdomen to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Prognostic assessment of 1310 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent complete resection from 1980 to 1993.

OBJECTIVE: The TNM staging system of lung cancer is widely used as a guide for estimating prognosis and selecting treatment modality. In 1997, the International Union Against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer have adopted a revised stage grouping for lung cancer. However, the validity of the new stage grouping has not been fully established. We investigated the prognoses of patients who had resection of non-small-cell lung cancer to confirm the validity of the revised classification. METHODS: A total of 1310 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer underwent complete resection and pathologic staging of the disease in our hospitals from 1980 through 1993. A pulmonary resection was performed with a systematic nodal dissection. The survivals were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method on the basis of overall deaths, and the survival curves were compared by log rank test. RESULTS: There were significant differences in survival between patients with T1 N0 M0 and T2 N0 M0 disease and between those with T1 N1 M0 and T2 N1 M0 disease. However, there was no significant difference between patients with T2 NO M0 disease and those with T1 N1 M0 disease. No significant difference in survival was observed among patients with T2 N1 M0, T3 NO M0, and T3 N1 M0 cancer. Patients with different invaded organs of T3 subdivision (pleura, chest wall, pericardium, or diaphragm) had a different prognosis. There was no significant difference between patients with T3 N2 M0 disease and those with stage IIIB disease. CONCLUSIONS: We supported most of the revision, such as dividing stage I, dividing stage II, and putting T3 N0 M0 to stage IIB. Furthermore, we found some candidates for a subsequent revision, such as putting T3 N1 M0 to stage IIB, putting T2 N0 M0 and T1 N1 M0 together, regarding diaphragm invasion as T4, and putting T3 N2 M0 to stage IIIB.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1998

Discrepant intracellular pH changes following intracellular Ca2+ increases induced by glutamate and Ca2+ ionophores in rat hippocampal neurons.

We investigated changes in intracellular pH (pHi) in relation to intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with glutamate. [Ca2+]i and pHi were imaged with fluorescent dyes and confocal microscopy. Exposure to 1 mM glutamate for 10 min increased [Ca2+]i and evoked acidosis. These changes persisted for at least 60 min, even after removal of glutamate. The increase in [Ca2+]i and the acidosis were not observed in Ca2+-free solution and were attenuated in the presence of MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist. We also found that the increase in [Ca2+]i and acidosis could be induced by addition of Ca2+ to the extracellular solution in the cells pretreated with glutamate in Ca2+-free solution, even if glutamate did not exist in the extracellular solution. On the other hand, ionomycin and Br-A23187, calcium ionophores, increased [Ca2+]i to almost the same level as glutamate and increased pHi. Extracellular Ca2+ was also indispensable for the increase in [Ca2+]i and the alkalosis. These results suggest the followings: 1) intracellular acidosis by glutamate is dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+; 2) the acidosis does not result from only the increase in [Ca2+]i; and 3) glutamate induces the irreversible disorder of regulatory mechanisms of [Ca2+]i not only by Ca2+-dependent process, but also by Ca2+-independent process.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Release of a substance that suppresses spontaneous motor activity in the brain by physical exercise.

Injection of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from rats fatigued by obligatory swimming into the cisterna magna of mice suppressed the spontaneous motor activity of the mice. The suppressive activity was abolished by heat denaturation of the CSF and was found in the CSF fraction with a molecular weight above 10,000 after ultrafiltration. These findings suggest the presence of a substance(s) released in a fatigued animal's brain that suppresses its spontaneous motor activity and generates the sensation of fatigue.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cyclin D1 gene amplification in esophageal carcinosarcoma shown by differential polymerase chain reaction.

We studied cyclin D1 gene amplification in four esophageal carcinosarcomas using the differential polymerase chain reaction. Three cases showed amplification in the sarcomatous components, and one of these also showed amplification in the carcinomatous component. No amplification was detected in the other case. We also examined p53 expression in these four tumors by immunostaining. Both components of all four cases showed diffuse overexpression of p53 protein in the nuclei. Our results showed that the cyclin D1 gene is frequently amplified in esophageal carcinosarcoma, especially in the sarcomatous component. Two cases showed amplification only in the sarcomatous component, suggesting that amplification may have a role in the pathogenesis of that component of this malignancy. The diffuse overexpression of p53 observed in both components suggests that such overexpression, which could be the result of somatic mutation, might be an early event in the pathogenesis of esophageal carcinosarcoma.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1998

Protective effect of prostaglandin E1 against ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury: results of a prospective, randomized study in cirrhotic patients undergoing subsegmentectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The cytoprotective effects of prostaglandin E1 on livers suffering from ischemia/reperfusion injury in the clinical setting are unproved. These effects were examined, focusing on inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide metabolism. METHODS: Twenty-four cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing subsegmentectomy under ischemia induced only by Pringle's maneuver were divided into two groups (patients given prostaglandin E1 by injection and untreated controls) and postoperative results were compared. Peripheral blood was taken perioperatively and the plasma aminotransferase, cytokines and nitrate/nitrite levels of the two groups were compared. Two liver specimens were taken from each patient, one before ischemia and the other after hepatectomy, and the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytokine mRNAs and proteins were analyzed. RESULTS: Although no apparent differences were recognized in postoperative complications or duration of postoperative hospital stay between the groups, the perioperative plasma aminotransferase level was significantly lower in the prostaglandin E1 group. Significant differences were also seen in interleukin-6 and nitrate plasma levels during the observation period and the interleukin-6 protein levels in the liver supernatants after hepatectomy in the two groups. In contrast, no significant differences were apparent between the interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha plasma levels of the two groups. The corrected fluorescence activities of interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNAs in the liver after hepatectomy correlated significantly. No interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNAs or proteins were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Prostaglandin E1 exerted hepatoprotective effects on livers suffering from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and interleukin-6 might play an important role in these effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Differential expression of transforming growth factor-beta and its receptors in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells of rat liver after CCl4 administration.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a family of multifunctional proteins that regulate hepatocyte proliferation, and biosynthesis of the extracellular matrix. In this study we examined whether modulation of TGF-beta receptor expression contributes to the liver diseases. METHODS: The mRNA expression of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta type I receptor (TGFbetaRI), TGF-beta type II receptor (TGFbetaRII) and TGF-beta type III receptor (TGFbetaRIII) in rat livers injured by CCl4 administration was studied by Northern blotting. The mRNA expression patterns were confirmed by in situ hybridization. RESULT: The peak of TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was observed 48 h after acute intoxication with CCl4 in nonparenchymal cells. However, the levels of TGFbetaRI and TGFbetaRII mRNA expression decreased from 24 h to 48 h and from 12 h to 48 h, respectively, and returned to the normal level by 72 h. TGFbetaRII mRNA expression was depressed more and for longer than that of TGFbetaRI mRNA. Analysis in separated hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells from the injured livers indicated that the mRNA changes occurred in hepatocytes. Nonparenchymal cells expressed TGFbetaRI and TGFbetaRII mRNAs at constant levels during liver regeneration. TGFbetaRIII mRNA, which also decreased after 12 h, was not apparent in hepatocytes but only in nonparenchymal cells. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that: (i) whenever TGF-beta1 is increased in CCl4-treated livers, it may induce liver fibrogenesis via nonparenchymal cells; (ii) the mitoinhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 on hepatocytes is transiently relieved by down-regulation of TGF-beta receptors for 72 h post-damage; and (iii) the resistance to TGF-beta growth inhibition between 24 to 48 h may be predominantly due to down-regulation of the expression of TGFbetaRII.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Light transmittance characteristics of light-cured composite resins.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was: (1) to examine the light transmittance characteristics of various shades of light-cured composite resins, and (2) to evaluate the effect of light transmittance characteristics on the color of the resins. METHODS: Eleven shades of two composite resins were used. Specimens with four different thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mm) were prepared. The transmittance at wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm was measured. Also, the color values and the color differences among thicknesses of a specimen on the CIE L*a*b* color system were determined by a digital chroma meter. The differences in the transmittance, color values and color difference were determined by using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with a Tukey multiple-range test. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the wavelength dependence of transmittance between the two materials, and among shades of each material. The transmittances of the darker shades of one material were significantly lower at lower wavelengths than the other shades, but were nearly equal or significantly higher at higher wavelengths. There was a significant correlation between the changing ratio of transmittance and the color difference. Two materials showed significant differences in delta a* and delta b* of the chromatic component of color difference. SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study indicate that light transmittance characteristics, including the wavelength dependence, play an important role for the color of a composite resin. The significant difference in light transmittance characteristics among materials and shades will affect their clinical appearance.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

An MRI and MRS study of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease.

Earlier reports on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the classical form of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease seemed to divide the patterns of the high-intensity lesions in the white matter into three subtypes: type I, diffusely hemispheric and corticospinal; type II, diffusely hemispheric without brainstem lesions; and type III, patchy in the hemispheres. The four boys presented in our study, between 10 and 17 years of age, with classical Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, who all had a duplicated proteolipid protein gene, invariably manifested type I despite their various clinical severities. Follow-up MRI after an interval of 5 years and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in three of the patients. The white matter on the last MRI was unchanged in volume and the distribution of high-intense areas. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed no abnormal peaks. These results were consistent with the lack of definite neurologic regression in the last 5 years and with the pathologic characteristics of well-preserved axons and the absence of sclerosis. Further study is required to precisely determine whether the patterns of MRI findings can be divided into subtypes corresponding to those of proteolipid protein gene abnormalities.

Adolescent↗