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Biomedical subjects

K Inui

Publications and source records attributed to K Inui.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis of the wall-thickened lesions of the gallbladder with dynamic MRI].

We studied 32 patients with the thickened lesions of the wall of the gallbladder by using dynamic MRI. We tried the differential diagnosis of gallbladder lesions according to the time intensity curve (TIC) and enhanced pattern. TIC of carcinoma was elevated more seeply from plain to arterial phase than the inflammatory diseases. The Inflammatory diseases were keeping three-layer structures of the wall of the gallbladder, but gallbladder carcinoma destroys the wall-structure. We could diagnose as direct liver invasion of the carcinoma clearly. We could exactly diagnose adenomyomatosis in dynamic MRI by small low intensity spots within the wall of the gallbladder. In the patients with gall stones, the wall of the gallbladder were more clearly observed in dynamic MRI compared with US and EUS.

Carcinoma, Adenosquamous↗
PubMed1998

Bentall operation, total aortic replacement and mitral valve replacement for a young adult with Marfan syndrome: a case of three-staged operation.

In Marfan syndrome, the most common cardiovascular abnormalities are dilatation of the aorta and aortic valve regurgitation in adult patients. Mitral valve dysfunction is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children with Marfan syndrome, and is not frequently operated on in adult Marfan patients who undergo surgery for diseases of the aortic root and total aorta. This report describes a successfully three-staged operation for a 24 year-old man with Marfan syndrome who underwent an emergent Bentall operation and aortic arch replacement, total aortic replacement and mitral valve replacement over 2 years. Mitral valve regurgitation was mild but increased after the second operation. The graft was tightly adhesive and invasive to the sternum. Endoscopic view was helpful to avoid graft damage at resternotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful in each operation. Microscopic examination of the mitral valve leaflets showed abnormal increase of mucopolysaccharides, and disruption and fragmentation of elastic fibers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Application of ultrasound method for hemorrhagic digestive disease].

Ultrasonography for the digestive diseases are consisted of abdominal ultrasonography (US), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and color Doppler endoscopic ultrasonography (CDEUS). These play a supplementary role in comparison with the roentgenography and endoscopy. The information of the ultrasonography is different from these examinations. By US the collateral shunts of esophago-gastric varices are observed. EUS is useful for diagnosis of the properties of esophago-gastric varices and judgement of effects of treatment for these varices, gastric ulcer and vessels in ulcer base and hemorrhagic bowel diseases. CDEUS can show blood streams of esophago-gastric varices and hemorrhagic ulcer.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1998

Transport of quinolone antibacterial drugs in a kidney epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1.

The transport of quinolone antibacterial drugs by LLC-PK1 monolayers was examined to characterize the renal tubular secretion of these drugs. The transcellular transport of levofloxacin and grepafloxacin from the basolateral to apical side was larger than the transport in the opposite direction. The basal-to-apical transcellular transport and uptake from the basolateral side of levofloxacin showed concentration dependent saturation with an apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.6 and 13 mM, respectively. Various quinolones (1 mM) inhibited the transcellular transport of levofloxacin, and this inhibition was accompanied by a marked increase of cellular accumulation. These results indicated that quinolones interacted more strongly with the transport system on the apical than the basolateral membrane. Neither tetraethylammonium nor cyclosporin A affected the basal-to-apical transcellular transport and accumulation of levofloxacin. The basal-to-apical transcellular transport of levofloxacin was not influenced by either lowering the pH of the apical side or pretreatment of apical membrane with p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate. These findings indicate that quinolones are specifically transported from the basolateral to apical side by LLC-PK1 monolayers and have higher affinity for the transport system in the apical membrane, a system distinct from H+/organic cation antiport system.

4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis of depth of invasion of gallbladder carcinoma with endosonography].

We reported on the usefulness of endosonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of the depth of invasion of gallbladder carcinoma. We performed EUS on 69 patients with gallbladder carcinoma: the degree of tumor extension in 17 was m (tumor invading the mucosa), in 5 pm (tumor invading the muscular layer), in 21 ss (tumor invading the subserosa), 14 in se (tumor invading the serosa), and 12 si (tumor extending to adjacent organs). The detection rate of tumors with EUS was 91.3% (63 of 69). All 6 (100%) patients with pedunculated lesions (Ip type) were correctly diagnosed with EUS. Eighteen of 21 patients (85.7%) with broad-based elevated tumors (Is type), and 5 of 7 (71.4%) with flat-elevated lesions (IIa type) were also diagnosed correctly. EUS is a useful modality for the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma. In particular, EUS diagnosis of the depth of invasion is reliable in Ip-type lesions. It is recommended that patients with Ip-type lesions undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy, but in patients with Is-or IIa-type lesions conventional cholecystectomy with lymph node resection should be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cloning and characterization of a pH-sensing regulatory factor that modulates transport activity of the human H+/peptide cotransporter, PEPT1.

We have isolated a cDNA encoding a pH-sensing regulatory factor protein that modulates transport activity of the human H+/peptide cotransporter, hPEPT1, from the human duodenum cDNA library. The cDNA (1,724 bp) for the regulatory factor (hPEPT1-RF) had an open reading frame encoding a 208-amino acid. The 18-195 amino acid residues of hPEPT1-RF were completely consistent with the 8-185 amino acid residues of hPEPT1, whereas the 1-17 and 196-208 residues were unique sequences. Using a reticulocyte lysate, the in vitro synthesized hPEPT1-RF RNA translated a product of approximately 23 kDa. Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-coupled PCR revealed that both hPEPT1 and hPEPT1-RF mRNA transcripts are expressed in Caco-2 cells. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, hPEPT1-RF showed no transport activity of glycylsarcosine, but shifted pH profile of the dipeptide transport mediated by the coexpressed hPEPT1. The pH profile of glycylsarcosine uptake in oocytes coexpressing hPEPT1 and hPEPT1-RF was almost similar to that in the Caco-2 cells. This is the first demonstration of cDNA isolation of a regulatory factor which modulates hPEPT1 activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Inhibition of brain cyclooxygenase-2 activity and the antipyretic action of nimesulide.

The antipyretic action and the mechanism of action of 4-nitro-2-phenoxymethanesulfonanilide (nimesulide), a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, were investigated in yeast-induced febrile rats. Yeast-injected rats developed marked fever and exhibited an approximately 7-fold increase in brain levels of prostaglandin E2 and an approximately 2-fold increase in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA despite an almost unchanged expression of cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA. Nimesulide produced a dose dependent antipyretic action, which was stronger than that of indomethacin and ibuprofen, and decreased dose dependently the increased brain prostaglandin E2 levels, whereas it did not influence the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA. It inhibited markedly the enhanced brain cyclooxygenase activity, primarily cyclooxygenase-2, in vivo and dose dependently increased brain cyclooxygenase activity in vitro. These results suggest that the marked antipyretic action of nimesulide is primarily mediated through the selective inhibition of the activity of brain cyclooxygenase-2 induced under febrile conditions.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed1997

mRNA distribution and membrane localization of the OAT-K1 organic anion transporter in rat renal tubules.

OAT-K1, a renal organic anion transporter, which mediates methotrexate uptake, was analyzed for mRNA distribution along microdissected nephron segments and the immunolocalization in isolated plasma membranes from rat kidney. By using a reverse transcription-coupled PCR, OAT-K1 mRNA was detected predominantly in the superficial and juxtamedullary proximal straight tubules. Western blotting with antiserum for OAT-K1 revealed that the transporter protein with the apparent molecular mass of 40 kDa was expressed exclusively in the brush-border membranes from rat kidney. These findings suggest that the OAT-K1 is localized in the brush-border membranes of the renal proximal straight tubules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Relationship between expression level of P-glycoprotein and daunorubicin transport in LLC-PK1 cells transfected with human MDR1 gene.

P-Glycoprotein-mediated transcellular transport and intracellular accumulation of [3H]daunorubicin were examined in cell monolayers with different levels of P-glycoprotein. The porcine kidney epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 was transfected with MDR1 cDNA, and four sublines, LLC-GA5, LLC-GA5-VLB4, LLC-GA5-COL10, and LLC-GA5-COL150, were obtained by culturing the cells in the absence or in the presence of 4 ng/mL vinblastine, 10 ng/mL colchicine, and 150 ng/mL colchicine, respectively. Western blot analysis showed a large difference in P-glycoprotein expression within these sublines. The degree of drug resistance was dependent on the expression level of P-glycoprotein. The amount of the unidirectional transport of [3H]daunorubicin by P-glycoprotein corresponded to the expression level of P-glycoprotein, which was followed by the decrease in intracellular accumulation of the agent. The concentration of cyclosporin A required for the inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of [3H]daunorubicin was higher in cells with a high expression of P-glycoprotein. These findings suggest that the transport of daunorubicin by P-glycoprotein and its inhibition by cyclosporin A correspond to the expression level of P-glycoprotein.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1997

Effects of beta mercaptoethanol on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoprogenitor cells.

Antioxidants are known to influence metabolism and promote cell survival in a number of cell culture systems. However, their effects on the modulation of bone cell differentiation in vitro are not clearly defined. In the present studies we have investigated the effects of beta-mercaptoethanol (beta ME) and ascorbate alone and in combination on human osteoprogenitors derived from bone marrow fibroblasts. In primary marrow cultures, beta ME stimulated colony formation (2-fold), alkaline phosphatase activity (3.5-fold) and, increased DNA synthesis (8-fold) after 21 days. Cell proliferation was increased significantly by beta ME during the first 4 days of a 10-day culture period, indicating stimulation of marrow osteoprogenitor proliferation. Ascorbate did not significantly augment the effects of beta ME in primary cultures or long-term cultures of passaged bone marrow fibroblasts. These findings indicate a potential beneficial role for beta ME addition for the optimal maintenance of colony formation, cell proliferation and differentiation of marrow osteoprogenitor cells in primary human bone marrow fibroblast cultures.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Regional tissue blood flow and pH in the brain during deep hypothermic retrograde brain perfusion.

Deep hypothermic retrograde brain perfusion is used to protect the brain during aortic arch operations. However, all experiments have failed to demonstrate retrograde blood flow in the brain tissue. We developed an experimental model of sagittal sinus and simultaneous superior vena cava perfusion. Brain tissue blood flow was mapped with colored microspheres during deep hypothermic retrograde brain perfusion in 9 dogs. Regional brain pH was mapped photometrically using neutral red as a pH-indicating dye after 90 min of retrograde brain perfusion in 28 dogs and after 60 min of circulatory arrest in 8 dogs. Cerebral surface blood flow was also measured during retrograde brain perfusion. They were analyzed as functions of driving pressure between sagittal sinus and aorta. Total brain blood flow (ml/min/100 g) was 1.4 +/- 1.3, 3.8 +/- 2.6, and 4.6 +/- 2.6 when the driving pressure was 15, 25, and 35 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.05, 15 mmHg vs 25 mmHg). Regional cerebral blood flow (ml/min/100 g) with a driving pressure of 25 mmHg was 12.1 +/- 9.4, 7.0 +/- 5.6, 4.4 +/- 2.8, and 2.2 +/- 1.4 in the frontal cortex, anterior, mid, and posterior cerebrum, respectively. Cerebral cortex pH was 6.86 +/- 0.23, 7.15 +/- 0.18, and 6.46 +/- 0.13 after 90 min of retrograde brain perfusion with driving pressure of less than 20 mmHg, after that of above 20 mmHg, and after 60 min of circulatory arrest, respectively. Brain tissue pH, blood flows measured with microspheres, and laser flowmetry were highest when driving pressure was between 25 and 35 mmHg. We conclude that retrograde brain perfusion may provide maximum brain protection with driving pressure of 25 to 35 mmHg.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Establishment and characterization of spontaneous mesothelioma cell lines derived from F344 rats.

Three mesothelioma cell lines (MeET-4, MeET-5, and MeET-6) established from ascitic fluid of F344 rats with spontaneous abdominal mesothelioma have been maintained through at least 60 passages on the DMEM with 10% FBS. Two of original tumours consisted of epithelioid cells growing in a papillary pattern, while one (original tumour of MeET-5) had sarcomatous areas composed of spindle-shaped tumour cells. The cell line originating from MeET-5 showed a constantly beiphasic growth pattern during the repetitive subcloning, while the other two lines retained a monophasic growth pattern. Although the growth pattern was different, the tumour cells in all three lines were positive for vimentin and keratin and ultrastructurally showed an abundant distribution of glycogen granules in the cytoplasm and numerous long microvilli on all surface. The modal chromosome number of cell lines varied from 41 to 71, and abnormal chromosomes were frequently seen. All cell lines established formed colonies on semi-solid medium and could be successfully transplanted, growing tumour masses in syngeneic rats and thus indicating their malignant nature. Cell lines grew even on a medium with a low concentration of FBS. The evidence suggests that they may produce growth factors that enable them to survive unfavourable medium conditions.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Genetic polymorphism of the CYP2C subfamily and its effect on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in Japanese patients with epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 and its effect on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin among 44 Japanese patients with epilepsy. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction tests with leukocyte deoxyribonucleic acid were used to detect the mutations for the amino acid substitution (Arg144-->Cys and Ile359-->Leu) in CgammaP2C9 and for the defective allele (m1 and m2) in CgammaP2C19. The pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin in individual patients were estimated by means of empirical bayesian analysis, in which the prior information was the population parameters for Japanese patients with epilepsy. RESULTS: Of the 44 patients, none had the CgammaP2C9 mutation for the Cys144 allele, whereas six patients were heterozygous for the wild-type (wt) and Leu359 allele (wt/Leu359) in cgammaP2C9. The maximal elimination rate (Vmax) of phenytoin among patients with heterozygous wt/Leu359 in CgammaP2C9 was 33% lower than that among patients with normal CgammaP2C9. A total of 21 patients were heterozygous for the CgammaP2C19 mutation (wt/m1 or wt/m2), and five patients had the homozygous or heterozygous mutations in CgammaP2C19 (m1/m1 or m1/m2). The Vmax values of phenytoin were slightly decreased (up to 14%) among patients with CgammaP2C19 mutations compared with patients with normal CgammaP2C19. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C isozymes play an important role in the pharmacokinetic variability of phenytoin and that the mutation in CYP2C9 proteins (Ile359-->Leu) is a determinant of impaired metabolism of the drug among Japanese persons.

Adolescent↗