Eccrine spiradenoma: co-expression of cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin suggesting differentiation toward myoepithelial cells.
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Actins↗
Biomedical subjects
K Isoda
Publications and source records attributed to K Isoda.
Rippled-pattern sebaceoma with an immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins.
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Aged↗
[Mediastinal lymph-node carcinoma with no apparent primary lesion; report of a case].
A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our department because of a chest X-ray showing a mass shadow about 40 mm in diameter in the right side of the middle of the mediastinum. A chest computed tomography(CT) scan demonstrated a large tumor, adherent to the superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery. No other metastases and no primary tumor were found. The tumor was resected through median sternotomy. Intraoperative frozen section analysis showed that the mediastinal tumor was a metastatic lymph-node carcinoma. Postoperative examination, too, did not detect the primary lesion. Radiotherapy was given after the operation. This case was thought to be a very rare case of T0N2M0 lung cancer or primary mediastinal lymph-node carcinoma (yolk sac tumor).
Female↗
Case report. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora verrucosa developed in a patient with non-HIV acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
A 53-year-old woman had asymptomatic multiple nodules on her gluteal region for 6 months. She had a history of systemic corticosteroid treatment for Evans' syndrome. Recently she had developed an immunodeficiency condition with CD4+ cell depletion without an HIV infection and a normal serum gamma globulin level. A smear from the purulent exudate of the nodules revealed many brown-coloured hyphae, spores and few large dark-brown cells. A short, hairy, dark-brown coloured colony was cultivated on Sabouraud glucose agar. Slide culturing revealed only a Phialophora-type conidia formation, and the fungus was diagnosed as Phialophora verrucosa. Severe immunosuppressive condition (non-HIV acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) of this patients after systemic corticosteroid treatment for Evans' syndrome predisposed an opportunistic cutaneous fungal infection due to P. verrucosa. Cases with cutaneous infection due to P. verrucosa reported in Japan are summarized and discussed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Relation between plasma fibrinogen level and coronary plaque morphology in patients with stable angina pectoris.
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Aged↗
Effect of coronary risk factors on arterial compensatory enlargement in japanese middle-aged patients with de novo single-vessel disease--an intravascular ultrasound study.
BACKGROUND: Compensatory enlargement (CE) of atherosclerotic human arteries has been reported; however, the pattern of arterial remodeling in response to plaque formation is not unique. HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to determine the extent of coronary artery compensatory enlargement at stenotic lesions and to correlate the arterial compensatory enlargement with risk factors. METHODS: We studied 62 patients with stable angina and de novo single-vessel disease using intravascular ultrasound and obtained good images in 42 patients (68%). The vessel cross-sectional area (VA), lumen cross-sectional area (LA), and plaque cross-sectional area (PA) were measured at the lesion site and at proximal and distal reference sites. Positive CE was defined as increase in VA of lesion site > 10% compared with that of proximal reference site (CE group, n = 15); shrinkage was defined as reduction in VA of lesion site > 10% compared with that of proximal reference site (S group, n = 14); inadequate CE was defined as intermediate between CE and S (IE group, n = 13). All subjects had coronary risk factors measured before this study. RESULTS: There was no difference in VA, LA, or PA among the three groups at the proximal and distal reference sites, nor in LA at the lesion site; however, VA and PA were significantly smaller in the S group than in the other groups (p < 0.01). Of coronary risk factors, increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels had the strongest association with shrinkage (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and decreased HDL level may contribute to the shrinkage response in middle-aged patients with stable angina.
Aged↗
Morphological spectrum of cyclin D1-positive mantle cell lymphoma: study of 168 cases.
Immunostaining for cyclin D1 is essential for reliable diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). However, a small number of cyclin D1-positive lymphomas other than MCL have been encountered. Our goal was to investigate the morphological spectrum of MCL as a disease entity, based on cyclin D1 overexpression. We reviewed 181 biopsy specimens obtained from 168 cases of cyclin D1-positive MCL. Typical findings were the presence of nodular (53.9% of cases) or diffuse (46.1%) histological patterns, containing mantle zone patterns (16.8%), naked germinal centers (33.5%) and perivascular hyaline deposition (83.2%). Unusual findings of residual germinal centers with a mantle cuff (four cases) and follicular colonization (two cases) were seen. High magnification showed a monotonous proliferation of tumor cells with cytological diversity including small (3.0%), intermediate (43.1%), medium (34.1%), medium-large (13.2%) and large (6.6%) cells. Pleomorphic and blastic/blastoid variants were encountered in 9.6 and 7.2% of cases, respectively. Three cases had foci of cells of considerable size, with a moderately abundant pale cytoplasm resembling marginal zone B cells. Two cases showed an admixture of cells which appeared transformed and mimicked the histology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic leukemia. In one, neoplastic mantle zones were surrounded by sheets of mature plasma cells, resembling the plasma cell type of Castleman's disease. An admixture of areas characteristic of MCL and of other larger cells, indicating histological progression or a composite lymphoma, were observed in seven cases. In high-grade lesions of five cases, nuclear staining of cyclin D1 was rarely detected. In our experience, cyclin D1 expression was also found in nine lymphomas other than MCL (five plasma cell myelomas, three Hodgkin's disease and one anaplastic large cell lymphoma). The application of cyclin D1 staining prompted us to recognize the broad morphological spectrum of MCL. MCL can be diagnosed with the application of cyclin D1 immunostaining, if careful attention is given to architectural and cytological features.
Adult↗
Myocardial hypertrophy in transgenic mice overexpressing human interleukin 1alpha.
BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-1 has profound effects on nonimmune cells and organs, including the heart. The effects of IL-1 on transgenic hearts have not yet been described. METHODS AND RESULTS: We generated transgenic mice overexpressing the human IL-1 gene under control of the cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken beta-actin promoter. Heart weight-body weight ratio increased 1.4- to 2.2-fold in transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Lung weight-body weight ratio also increased in transgenic mice, all of which died within 14 days of birth. Light microscopy revealed concentric hypertrophy with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in all transgenic mice and pulmonary edema in some of them. Electron microscopy showed myofilament loss and an increased number of giant mitochondria, but no sarcomere disarray. Northern blotting showed that gene expression had been reprogrammed in the left ventricle of transgenic mice. Expression of fetal-type genes such as prepro-atrial natriuretic factor and beta-myosin heavy chain were increased, but voltage-dependent calcium channel messenger RNA expression was decreased in the left ventricle of transgenic mice compared with that of wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1 may cause structural and functional alterations in cardiac myocytes.
Animals↗
Establishment of CD7+ human myeloma sister cell lines, KMS-21-PE and KMS-21-BM, carrying t(11;14) and t(8;14).
Two new human myeloma cell lines were established from pleural effusion and bone marrow malignant cells derived from a single patient, who manifested hyperammonemia associated with multiple myeloma, and these were characterized. Both lines possess t(11;14)(q13;q32) and t(8;14)(q24;q32) reciprocal translocations and overexpress cyclin D1, but not c-myc. Human myeloma lines including these new lines produced and secreted excess ammonia into culture medium more than non-myelomatous hematological cell lines. In addition, these two lines were revealed to have high surface CD7 expression correlated with relatively high mRNA expression by MP-RT-PCR. Among 8 human myeloma lines, half of them revealed significant surface expression of CD7 and a positive correlation between expression levels of protein and message. CD7 message was also detected in surface negative lines. Consequently, there may be posttranslational regulation of the CD7 molecule, whose cellular biological role in expressing cells has not been elucidated.
Adult↗
Castleman's disease of the spleen: CT, MR imaging and angiographic findings.
Since Castleman and Towne [Castleman and Towne, Hyperplasia of mediastinal lymph nodes, New Engl. J. Med. 250 (1954), 26-30] first described hyperplasia of the mediastinal lymph nodes in 1954, many cases of Castleman's disease have been reported. Lesions originating in the spleen arc extremely rare, and we here describe the imaging appearances for such a case, and discuss with a brief review of the literature.
Angiography↗
Molecular evidence of natural hybridization between abies veitchii and A. homolepis (Pinaceae) revealed by chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers.
Sub-alpine Abies veitchii and A. homolepis are distributed in the central part of Honshu Island, Japan, and their habitats are segregated vertically. These species sometimes form a mixed forest in the overlapping area of the two species, that is, in the upper limit of the A. homolepis habitat and the lower limit of A. veitchii. These species have been considered to be distantly related because they were classified into different sections by most conventional classifications. No natural hybridization has been reported between the two species. The aim of this study was to demonstrate, through the use of molecular markers, whether natural hybridization takes place between these two species at two experimental sites on Mt. Fuji, where the species occur naturally. DNA markers from paternally inherited chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and biparentally inherited nuclear DNA (nDNA), were used for this study. As organelle DNA markers, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) markers were developed to determine the maternal and paternal species for each individual. Two of 334 individuals possessed a cpDNA haplotype derived from A. homolepis and a mtDNA haplotype from A. veitchii. Furthermore, the nDNA of these two individuals was analysed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay to investigate their genomic composition. RAPD analysis indicated that the nuclear genomes of the two individuals were derived from both species. We conclude that A. veitchii and A. homolepis produce natural hybrids, and that their systematic relationship should be re-evaluated.
Base Sequence↗
A novel monoclonal antibody that recognizes human perivascular cells of the central nervous system under a specific immune reaction.
Perivascular cells or fluorescent granular perithelial cells of the central nervous system are newly recognized members of monocyte/macrophage populations. In this study a monoclonal antibody, GP-3, that labels proteinous lysosomal antigen of human perivascular cells, has been established. It selectively label the cells in foamy-macrophage infiltrating diseased areas, such as Wallerian degeneration and contusion, without significant reaction to the cells in normal areas, infiltrating macrophages or microglia. These findings suggest that the perivascular cell is an independent cell type and the antigen molecule is fairly specific to perivascular cells and plays an unknown role in immune-nervous system interaction.
Adult↗
Cerebellar basket cells of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.
To elucidate possible abnormalities of cerebellar basket cells of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), seven sporadic cases were examined neuropathologically. Recently, parvalbumin-positive, GABAergic cerebral interneurons have been demonstrated to show early, selective loss in CJD, and the phenomenon is postulated as a cause of characteristic neurological symptoms of CJD. In this study, however, we demonstrated that the basket cells, cerebellar counterparts, were resistant even in patients with severe brain atrophy, and their processes showed intense argyrophilia and immunopositivity to phosphorylated neurofilament. They can newly be listed as CJD-resistant neurons similar to those of the hippocampus and brainstem nuclei. The mechanism to escape cell loss is of great interest, and there might be unknown factors modulating susceptibility within parvalbumin-positive neuronal subgroups. Furthermore, one case showed abnormal positivity with hematoxylin, crystal violet and pyronin in the basket cells. The pyronin positivity was reduced after ribonuclease digestion, suggesting that the causative substance was composed of RNA. Ultrastructurally, the fibers contained free ribosomes and amorphous electron-dense deposits. To our knowledge, such a finding has also not been previously reported.
Aged↗
Retroperitoneal epithelioid angiomyolipoma leading to fatal outcome.
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (AML) is a newly established variant of AML, characterized by monomorphous epithelioid cells that show HMB-45 immunopositivity, and it often displays aggressive behavior. To date, they have mostly appeared in the kidneys; however, the present autopsy case of a 43-year-old female without the stigmata of tuberous sclerosis complex had a huge retroperitoneal mass, accompanied by involvement of the regional lymph nodes. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of round, polygonal or short spindle-shaped monomorphous cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with frequent multinucleation. Mitotic figures were scattered. Mature fat cells and thick-walled abnormal blood vessels were totally absent. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were reactive with HMB-45 and alpha-smooth muscle actin antibodies. In spite of curative surgery and repeated radio- and chemotherapy, the tumor continued to grow and brought about the patient's death 4 years after the initial symptoms. At autopsy, the peritoneal cavity was filled with the tumor mass exceeding 5.5 kg. Histopathological features were essentially the same as those of biopsy samples, but the cellular pleomorphism and emperipolesis were more easily identified. This report calls attention to this unusual manifestation of AML in the retroperitoneum and the importance of distinguishing it from sarcomas and/or paragangliomas.
Adult↗
Cassiopeia flap: modification of Limberg flap for saving normal skin.
Local flaps have the advantages of texture matching and increased flap survival rate. The proper local flap planning for each lesion causes the dermatologist to be reluctant to employ them. We propose a modified local flap, the "Cassiopeia flap", with three simple marking points made on the ends of the diameter and on the equidistant point along the diameter; two points from equilateral triangles form a "W (Cassiopeia)". We applied this modification to ten lesions on the face, scalp, trunk and thigh with excellent results.
Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
A case of acute graft-versus-host disease following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
A 42-year-old woman developed severe erythema with exfoliative scaling on the bilateral palms and soles and erosive dermatitis on the axillae and groin eight days after an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. She also developed exanthema; however she did not show intestinal, hepatic, or renal involvement. The skin biopsy revealed characteristic apoptotic cell death of the epidermis with eosinophilic necrosis, and she was diagnosed with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The cutaneous lesions responded to topical corticosteroid treatments and improved within a month without systemic immunosuppressing therapies. The cutaneous GVH reaction did not recur. However, she was treated with an intermittent thrombocyte transfusion because of persistent thrombocytopenia. On day 130, she developed intestinal pneumonia and died due to respiratory dysfunction. Unlike an allo-bone marrow graft, GVHD after an autologous stem cell transplantation is not common. Even for an autologous transplantation, GVH may develop with less characteristic clinical manifestations.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Adrenomedullin amidation enzyme activities in hypertensive patients.
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasodilating peptide secreted from the vasculature of various organs. It is biologically active when its C-terminus is amidated. Recently, an RIA method was developed for measurement of the active form of AM, or mature AM. We here employed this method to investigate the significance of amidation of AM in controlling cardiovascular function. Thirty-six patients under hemodialysis were recruited and divided into hypertensive (n = 25; 157/86 mmHg) and normotensive (n= 11; 116/66 mmHg) groups. Mature AM, immature AM and blood pressure were monitored during hemodialysis in all patients. There was a significant reduction in blood pressure during hemodialysis in both groups, although after hemodialysis blood pressure was still higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (139 +/-14.8/76 +/- 2.5 mmHg vs. 110 +/- 5.1/66.7 +/- 3.1 mmHg). Mature AM before hemodialysis were lower in hypertensives than normotensives and it decreased in both groups. Although mature AM decreased more in normotensives than in hypertensives (-27 +/- 8% vs. -17 +/- 5%), at the end point, its level was still higher in normotensives. The ratio of mature AM/immature AM decreased only in normotensives (-11.4 8.7%), whereas it remained stable in hypertensives (0.2 +/- 5.6%). Both groups showed similar changes in ANP, endothelin, catecholamines, cGMP, and NOx. The low level in mature AM level in hypertensives may have contributed to the higher blood pressure in this group. The attenuation of AM amidation in normotensives indicates that an unspecified amidative enzyme of AM was regulated in order to normalize blood pressure.
Adrenomedullin↗
Tocoretinate inhibited the contraction of collagen gel matrices by human dermal fibroblasts with tenascin-C expression.
Retinoids are strong tissue modifiers and have been used to treat severe acne, keloids and photo-aged skin. Tocoretinate (TR), ester bound retinoic acid and tocopherol, has been topically applied for skin ulcers and, more recently, for sclerotic skin diseases. To clarify the mechanism of tissue softening by retinoids and TR, we investigated their effects on the contraction of hydrated type-1 collagen gel matrices by human dermal fibroblasts and on tenascin-C expression. TR, 13-cis-retinoic acid/isotretinoin and all trans-retinoic acid significantly inhibited collagen gel matrices contraction at concentrations from 10(-4) to 10(-8) M without significant changes of the fibroblast growth. TR and the other two retinoids dose-dependently induced tenascin-C expression in the fibroblasts. Since tenascin-C is involved in cellular detachment and tissue remodeling, these results suggest that TR and other retinoids down-regulated the tensile tension of fibroblasts in collagen gel matrices by the induction of tenascin-C.
Cells, Cultured↗