PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K J Chapman

Publications and source records attributed to K J Chapman.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Coping, hope, and anticipatory grief in family members in palliative home care.

This article describes an exploratory, cross-sectional, correlational study designed to examine the relationships among general coping style, hope, and anticipatory grief in a convenience sample of 61 family members of people with terminal cancer. The framework for this study was based on grief theory, stress and coping, and transitions (2). Data were collected by the Jalowiec Coping Scale (3), the Herth Hope Index (4), the Non-Death Version of the Grief Experience Inventory (5), and a background information sheet. Findings revealed that family members experienced individual anticipatory grief patterns. Women reported more anger/hostility and despair than men. Adult children, more highly educated family members, family members not living with the ill person, and nonprimary caregivers also expressed more anger/hostility. Multiple regression results showed that emotive coping and hope accounted for significant variance in despair, somatization, and loss of control. Emotive coping contributed significant variation in anger/hostility, whereas lack of hope accounted for variation in social isolation. Neither the general coping styles nor hope significantly predicted death anxiety. The findings provide a base for future research and nursing practice.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Polyamines found in gingival fluid enhance the secretory and oxidative function of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro.

Many bacterial and host cells contain large amounts of polyamines that can be released at infection sites as a result of cell lysis. Consequently, the putrescine and spermidine content of gingival fluid from inflamed periodontal pockets (0.1 to 1 mM) is sharply elevated in comparison to peripheral blood. At these levels, polyamines potentiated fMet-Leu-Phe-induced Ca2+ signaling in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in vitro. Consistent with the essential role of Ca2+ signaling in PMN activation, secondary granule release and superoxide anion production by fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated PMNs was enhanced in the presence of polyamines. Thus, polyamines may play a local role in modulating the antimicrobial activity of PMNs in periodontal disease.

Calcium↗
PubMed1992

Polyamines enhance calcium mobilization in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated phagocytes.

Spermidine and putrescine (50 microM-1 mM), found in exudates from infection sites, significantly enhance fMet-Leu-Phe-induced Ca2+ mobilization in differentiated HL-60 cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) by delaying the return to basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels. This enhancement by polyamines is associated with inhibition of Ca2+ efflux across the plasma membrane. In parallel with their effects on Ca2+ signaling, polyamines also significantly prolong the kinetics of fMet-Leu-Phe-induced protein kinase C translocation. Thus, polyamines may play a novel role in modulating regulatory events in phagocytes.

Calcium↗
PubMed1991

Adhesion of normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells to fibroblasts.

Adhesion between lymphocytes and other cells is critical to many processes in the normal immune system. Alteration in the expression of cell adhesion molecules may be important in determining the behaviour of malignant lymphomas. In this study, the adhesion of normal lymphocytes to fibroblasts is compared with the adhesion of the T-cell lymphomas J6 and Hut 78 ICRF. J6 was significantly more adherent to fibroblasts than either Hut78 or PBL despite the fact that J6 expresses almost no LFA-1. Anti-LFA-1 had little effect on the basal adhesion of Hut78 ICRF or PBL. Addition of anti-CD2 caused enhanced adhesion of J6 and PBL but not Hut78 ICRF, which expresses little of this molecule. This enhancement was abrogated by anti-LFA-1. Anti-CD45 also caused enhanced adhesion of PBL. This was largely due to LFA-1-mediated homotypic cell adhesion. The tumour cell lines display no such homotypic adhesion and the small enhancement of fibroblast adhesion was much less affected by the anti-LFA-1 antibody. These results show the complex interactions which occur between adhesion molecules and that differences in patterns of expression between normal and neoplastic cells could be a major determinant of tumour cell behaviour.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1989

The relationship between the distribution of lymphoid cells in the skin and in vitro adhesion to connective tissue.

An in vitro assay was used to test whether the patterns of lymphocyte distribution in the mouse skin could be explained by adhesion of lymphoid cells to connective tissue. Using normal skin as a substrate, in vitro adhesion was significantly greater below the panniculus carnosus muscle: when oxazolone sensitized skin was used, binding was seen throughout the skin. This correlated closely with the patterns seen in vivo following injection of lymphocytes into normal skin or sensitization with oxazolone. Adhesion was not affected by divalent cation chelating agents, but was reduced in the presence of some monosaccharides. The property of skin adhesion did not appear to be confined to a small number of cells in the spleen cell preparation. Although only a small proportion of the starting population adhered to the section, transfer of the non-adherent cells to a fresh skin section produced a similar degree of adhesion. It is suggested that the variable binding of lymphoid cells by skin connective tissue may be an important factor in determining the retention of cells which have emigrated into the skin from the blood vessels and may explain the distinctive patterns of distribution of lymphocytes in cutaneous inflammatory disorders.

Animals↗