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K J Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to K J Hoffman.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Demystifying mental health information needs through integrated definition (IDEF) activity and data modeling.

Today, the process of mental health assessments and treatment are difficult to describe and assimilate into other medical areas. Integrated patient summaries and treatment descriptions are poorly standardized. Any aggregate data analysis must rely on the very few standardized patient data points that may include some demographic information, diagnosis and codable procedures. This paper describes one of the first published attempts to use business process reengineering (BPR) Integrated Computer Assisted Manufacturing Definition (IDEF) activity and data modeling within a focused clinical setting. The clinician's desire to focus on patient care has been used to create both a current and an idealized activity and data model. Clinical patient information was used to build an analyzable database. This provides the potential to track a patient in data throughout a continuum of care. Conceptually, outcomes management is able to use clinical, rather than administrative or claims, data. These models were used to create a prototype for a computer-based patient record which would allow outcomes management. It was tested successfully as a proof of concept.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1995

Addictions training for physicians and other licensed health care professionals in Maryland.

Physicians and other health care providers have multiple opportunities in the course of a typical practice year to identify and treat individuals who abuse alcohol and other drugs. Although substance abuse is very common in clinical practice, providers routinely fail to intervene in a timely fashion due to negative attitudes, incomplete knowledge, and poorly developed practice skills. Over the past ten years, addictions training of licensed health care providers nationally and in Maryland has improved significantly. This article describes recent national training trends and current educational programs statewide for medical students, physicians in residency and fellowship programs, and licensed providers in dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, psychology, and social work. Several strategies for improving professional training in addictions in the future are discussed and the importance of shifting to an interprofessional training model is emphasized.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1994

Testicular cancer in blacks. A multicenter experience.

BACKGROUND: The rarity of testis tumor in black patients has made the study of a large series difficult. Much of the epidemiologic and clinical information regarding this neoplasm in this population is in dispute, including data on incidence, prognosis, histologic distribution, age and stage at presentation, and side distribution. METHODS: A retrospective review of 66 blacks with testicular tumors from seven military medical centers was performed. RESULTS: Similar results were found for blacks with testis tumor to those of the general testis cancer population regarding prognosis, side distribution, and age of onset for nonseminoma and interstitial tumors. There is a slight increase in the expected number of interstitial tumors in blacks, but the distribution between seminoma and nonseminoma is similar to the general population. The mean age of presentation for seminoma in blacks was younger than that of the general testis cancer population. For testis tumor treated at the same institution, there was an increased delay of diagnosis in blacks compared with whites. The number of new cases of testicular cancer between 1979 and 1991 at one major center was increased for whites but not for blacks. The availability of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy has resulted in an improved prognosis for blacks, as has already been demonstrated for white populations. CONCLUSIONS: Testis tumor in blacks behaves similarly to testis tumor in the general population except that in blacks there are more interstitial tumors and the mean age of presentation for seminoma is younger. Further, there is an increased delay in diagnosis for blacks compared with whites, but the incidence of this tumor in this population does not appear to be increasing. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has significantly improved survival in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

1989 Sir Henry Wellcome medal and prize winner. Mandatory HIV testing and the duty to screen.

The decision to engage in mandatory HIV testing of active duty military personnel and all applicants was done with the idea that the test was good and that medical technology should be used whenever available and feasible. This addresses but half of the aspects of a good test program and runs contrary to standards practiced within the civilian sector. The other half is the area in greatest need of study: the effect of HIV labeling on the individual and on the social network within which the individual exists. Attributes and implications of the military test program are discussed.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of omeprazole in animals and man--an overview.

The pharmacokinetics of omeprazole have been studied to varying extent in the mouse, rat, dog and in man. The drug is rapidly absorbed in all these species. The systemic availability is relatively high in the dog and in man provided the drug is protected from acidic degradation in the stomach. In man the fraction of the oral dose reaching the systemic circulation was found to increase from an average of 40.3 to 58.2% when the dose was raised from 10 to 40 mg, suggesting some dose-dependency in this parameter. The drug distributes rapidly to extra-vascular sites. The volume of distribution, V beta, in man is comparable to the volume of the extracellular water. The penetration into the red cells is low, the ratio between the concentration in whole blood and in plasma being about 0.6. Omeprazole is bound to about 95% to proteins in human plasma. The binding is lower in the dog and rat (90 and 87%, respectively). Omeprazole is eliminated almost completely by metabolism and no unchanged drug has been recovered in the urine in the species studied. Two metabolites, characterised as the sulfone and sulfide of omeprazole, have been identified and quantified in human plasma. The mean elimination half-life in man and in the dog is about 1 hour, whereas half-lives in the range of 5 to 15 minutes have been recorded in the mouse. In two studies in man, the mean total body clearance was 880 and 1097 ml X min-1, indicating that omeprazole belongs to the group of high clearance drugs. In the dog, too, the drug appears to be rapidly cleared from the blood, the mean total body clearance being about 10.5 ml X min-1 X kg-1. In the rat and dog, 20 to 30% of an i.v. or oral dose of omeprazole is excreted as metabolites in the urine and the remaining fraction is recovered in the faeces within three days after the administration. In man, the excretion of radioactivity via the kidneys is much more efficient and the recoveries in the excreta are approximately the reverse of those in the rat and dog. In vitro studies with rat liver microsome preparations suggest that omeprazole and cimetidine inhibit cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolic reactions to about the same extent in equimolar concentrations. However, since the molar daily dose of cimetidine will be 25 to 50 times higher than that of omeprazole, the latter might have less influence on the mixed function oxidase system than cimetidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Initial report of a hepatitis investigation in rural Belize.

In spring 1991, Belizian health officials expressed concern about a possible hepatitis outbreak in a banana farming district. A study was designed to identify cases and to address the serological prevalence of hepatitis virus markers. Three populations were studied: (i) persons meeting a clinical case definition for hepatitis; (ii) designated banana workers; and (iii) people in a random sample of households in the community. Information was collected using questionnaires and sera were collected for laboratory testing. This report presents the preliminary results of a study conducted in June 1991. Among people who met the clinical case definition, 24% of 42 tested had immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen (anti-HBc IgM). In the worker and household survey populations, 284 and 280 people, respectively, were tested for anti-HBc IgM. In each group, 4% were positive. HBV surface antigen was found in 37% of 43 clinical cases, 18% of workers, and 13% of people in the household survey. Among the 3 study populations, the prevalence of HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) ranged from 73% to 81%. Almost all tested persons had evidence of prior hepatitis A virus infection. Evidence of prior infection with hepatitis viruses A and B was widespread, but an aetiology could not be established for most of the clinical cases. However, the prevalence of hepatitis B markers in this population was very high compared to other reports from the Caribbean.

Adolescent↗