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Biomedical subjects

K Jain

Publications and source records attributed to K Jain.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Monolayer culture of pancreatic islets from the Syrian hamster.

Pancreatic islets of Langerhans of the Syrian hamster were maintained in culture for as long as 43 wk. Islets were prepared by collagenase/hyaluronidase digestion of minced pancreas. The islets quickly attached to the plastic culture flasks and lost their spherical form as they flattened out to form circular monolayers. Few fibroblastoid cells were observed. As outward migration continued, the islets became vacuolated with the ultimate formation of monolayer rings. Throughout the culture period the beta cells continued to synthesize and secrete insulin. Furthermore, the cells maintained a responsiveness to glucose stimulation with increased rates of hormone secretion in the presence of elevated concentrations of the sugar. These studies demonstrate the suitability of Syrian hamster islets for studies involving long-term culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Femoral venous trauma: techniques for surgical management and early results.

During a 4 year period (1979 through 1983), 181 major arterial (69 percent) and 81 venous (31 percent) injuries were treated surgically. Of the venous injuries, 24 (30 percent) involved the femoral veins (9 common femoral, 15 superficial femoral). Management of these femoral venous injuries included lateral venorrhaphy in 10 cases (42 percent), venous patch angioplasty in 5 cases (21 percent), end-to-end anastomosis in 4 cases (17 percent), interposition autogenous saphenous vein grafts in 3 patients (12 percent), and ligation in 2 cases (8 percent). One case that included common femoral venous ligation and one that included a failed interposition saphenous vein graft in the superficial femoral vein subsequently were managed with in situ saphenous vein bypass. For one interposition saphenous vein graft repair of the common femoral vein we utilized the spiral vein graft technique. Excluding one early death from associated injuries and one superficial femoral venous injury managed by ligation without postoperative complications, 17 of 23 (74 percent) femoral venous repairs were judged patent postoperatively (13 confirmed by venography and 4 by noninvasive testing). The adjuvant use of intermittent pneumatic calf compression and low molecular weight dextran appears to have been beneficial in maintaining patency of the femoral venous repairs. Early clinical follow-up demonstrated the presence of edema in 6 of 8 cases (75 percent) initially treated by ligation or complicated by postoperative occlusion. Early postoperative edema, present in 4 of 17 (24 percent) patients with patent venous repairs, had resolved by the time of discharge. We recommend routine repair of femoral venous injuries. When significant edema or ischemia develop following obligatory venous ligation or postoperative occlusion of a venous repair, revision or venous bypass should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Philadelphia chromosome and terminal transferase-positive acute leukemia: similarity of terminal phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia and de novo acute presentation.

Twenty-eight patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)--positive and terminal transferase (TdT)--positive acute leukemia (AL) were treated with intensive chemotherapy used for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L-10 and L-10M protocols). Fifteen patients had a documented chronic phase of Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia preceding the acute transformation (TdT + BLCML) while the remaining 13 patients did not (TdT + Ph1 + AL). An overall complete remission (CR) rate of 71% was obtained with a median survival of 13 months in the responders. Clinical presentation, laboratory data, cytogenetics, response to treatment, and survivals of the two groups of patients are compared. These results appear to be similar, suggesting a common or closely related origin. Since the overall survival of those receiving chemotherapy maintenance is poor, three patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from histocompatibility leukocyte antigen--matched siblings after they achieved CR. One of them is a long-term survivor (35 + months) with a Ph1-negative bone marrow. New techniques such as BMT should be considered in young patients with a histocompatibility leukocyte antigen--compatible sibling once a CR has been achieved.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Differential patency and limb salvage for polytetrafluoroethylene and autogenous saphenous vein in severe lower extremity ischemia.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was compared to autogenous saphenous vein (ASV) in 133 femoropopliteal and femorotibial or peroneal bypass procedures performed in limb salvage during a 4-year period. PTFE was used as an alternative prosthesis in the absence of a suitable ASV. Sixty-nine femoropopliteal bypasses (FPBPs) were studied--36 with ASV and 33 with PTFE. Sixty-four femorotibial or peroneal bypasses were categorized as femoral distal bypasses (FDBPs)--34 with ASV and 30 with PTFE. With a 3-year clinical follow-up, cumulative function rate (CFR)--patency including thrombectomy--for FPBP with ASV was 65% as compared to 53% for PTFE (P greater than 0.05), whereas the limb salvage rate (LSR) was 75% with ASV and 56% for PTFE (P greater than 0.05). However for FDBP, the GFR was 55% for ASV and 7% for PTFE, whereas the LSR was 55% with ASV and 26% for PTFE. The cumulative patency rate (CPR)--initial thrombosis of a prosthesis as an endpoint--was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different from CFR, suggesting that thrombectomy with or without distal anastamotic revision does not contribute to patency of the PTFE prosthesis in these limb salvage cases. PTFE was a suitable alternative to ASV for FPBP; however, PTFE is recommended for FDBP in selected cases only.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed1980

The effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia on the Ca755 murine adenocarcinoma.

Radiofrequency (RF) was used to induce hyperthermia in the Ca755 murine adenocarcinoma. Thermal kinetic studies revealed a selective heating of tumors over normal tissues during RF, which occurred in larger but not smaller tumors. Small tumors required a significantly greater RF output than did larger neoplasms for heating to the tumoricidal range of 42 C. Rates of tumor growth were not changed after single RF treatments at 42 C, but tumors receiving three applications of RF were significantly smaller than a control group at 28 days tumor age. RF may be of value in the treatment of large neoplasms by using multiple applications; however, microscopic mitoses may not be affected directly without simultaneously damaging normal tissues in the RF field.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis.

A case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis occurring in association with staghorn calculus and severe pyelonephritis is reported. The incidence and aetiopathogenesis of this neoplasm is briefly discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1980

Biosynthesis of proinsulin and other islet cell proteins in pancreatic beta cells of the rat: a radioautographic evaluation of glucose effects in vitro.

Rat pancreatic islets were incubated in vitro with L-[4,5-3H]leucine or with L-[2,3-3H]tryptophan in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, containing 0, 5, or 20 mM glucose. Incorporation of labeled amino acids in islet cells was evaluated quantitatively by a validated radioautographic procedure. Incorporation of labeled leucine into [3H]proinsulin and [3H]insulin was measured by immunoprecipitation and into other islet proteins by trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Incorporation of labeled amino acids in pancreatic beta cells was patchy and not uniform. Up to 20 to 35% of beta cells, mainly in central regions of the islets, showed poor or no incorporation of label. Peripheral nonbeta, endocrine islet cells and mesenchymal islet cells were all uniformly labeled. Incorporation of either amino acid into nonbeta endocrine and mesenchymal cells was not much affected by the absence of glucose in the incubation buffer. In contrast, incorporation of the amino acids into beta cells was strikingly affected. Incorporation of [3H]leucine into proinsulin and insulin at 0 mM glucose measured by specific immunoprecipitation and by silver grain densities over beta cells was 15 to 20 times less than at 20 mM glucose. Incorporation of [3H]tryptophan, an amino acid absent in proinsulin, into nonhormonal, sedentary beta cell proteins studied by radioautography, similarly, was strikingly affected in the absence of glucose. Thus, radioautography revealed a great sensitivity of both hormonal and nonhormonal protein biosynthesis in the beta cell to the concentration of glucose in the medium.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

In vivo incorporation of [3H[ leucine and [3H] tryptophan into proinsulin-insulin and other islet cell proteins in normoglycemic, hyperglycemic, and hypoglycemic rats.

Rats were infused for brief periods with buffer, glucose, or insulin. L-[4,5-3H] leucine (2.5 mCi) or L-[2,3-3H]-tryptophan (0.5 mCi) was quickly injected intravenously 30 min after the onset of the infusion, when marked hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia had been established. Rats remained connected to the infusion system and were killed 30 min after the injection of the labeled amino acid. Pancreatic islets were isolated by enzymatic digestion of the pancreas. They were processed for radioautography or for the measurement of [3H] proinsulin and [3H] insulin by immunoprecipitation and of other islet [3H] proteins by TCA precipitation. Various tissues of the rats were also removed to measure TCA-precipitable-labeled proteins. Incorporation of [3H]-leucine into proinsulin and insulin was 9 to 20 times greater in the hyperglycemic than in the hypoglycemic rats. Incorporation of [3H]-tryptophan into sedentary beta-cell proteins, measured by thea density of silver grain in radioautographs, showed a sixfold difference. The great sensitivity of hormonal and nonhormonal protein biosynthesis of the pancreatic beta cell to plasma glucose was unique among tissues and among other pancreatic islet cells we studied.

Animals↗