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Biomedical subjects

K Joshi

Publications and source records attributed to K Joshi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: an etiology for gastrointestinal lymphomatous polyposis.

We describe a case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with multiple polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. The patient presented with fever, abdominal mass, ascites, diarrhea, generalized lymphadenopathy, anemia, and marked peripheral eosinophilia. She had multiple polyps in the colon, as well as in the stomach and duodenum. Histology of a colonic polyp showed involvement by angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The patient responded initially to combination chemotherapy, with total disappearance of polyps. However, she succumbed later to infections. Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, although rare, should be included as a cause of lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Incidence and structure of the appendices of the testis and epididymis.

In paired tests obtained from 425 adults, 50 children and 10 neonates, the incidence of testicular appendices was 76% in adults (93.3% sessile) and 83.3% in neonates/children (88% sessile). An epididymal appendix was present in 21.9% of adults and 20% of neonates/children, out of which 79% were stalked in both types of specimen. Three sessile testicular appendices and 11 epididymal appendices were double. The microscopic structure of the appendices and the ultrastructure of their epithelia are described. Testicular or epididymal appendices were not present in any domestic or laboratory animal examined except the horse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Polyarteritis nodosa--a few unusual findings.

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical spectrum of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) from North India and highlight some unusual findings. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Hospital based. SUBJECTS: Eight children with PAN. INTERVENTION: Treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. RESULTS: One child had spontaneous remission while another started deteriorating rapidly in spite of treatment and died within 2 weeks. Six children went into remission-of these one died, two were lost to follow-up and the remaining three are on regular follow-up for periods ranging from 3-5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Prednisolone and cyclophosphamide can significantly improve the outcome in childhood PAN.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of the efficacy of albendazole against the larvae of Taenia solium in experimentally infected pigs, and kinetics of the immune response.

Cysticercosis, a disease of economic and public health importance, is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the metacestode stage of Taenia solium. Experimental induction of cysticercosis was achieved in young pigs by feeding an optimum dose of 20,000 T. solium (Indian strain) eggs after immunosuppression, to assess the effect of albendazole and development of the immune response to cysticercus antigens before and after treatment. Histopathological studies revealed the presence of cysticerei in liver, lungs and muscles. Treatment with albendazole at 15 mg kg-1 body weight daily for 30 days starting from day 0 or 15 days post-infection resulted in 100% cure rates. Increases in antibody titre to crude soluble extract and a Sephadek G-200 purified antigenic fraction of Cysticercus cellulosae were found on days 25, 40 and 55 post-infection in untreated pigs and those in which treatment started on day 15 post-infection, whereas no increase in antibody response was observed in pigs in which treatment started on day 0.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1995

An ascending non-obstructive model for chronic pyelonephritis in BALB/c mice.

Chronic pyelonephritis was successfully produced in female BALB/c mice with Escherichia coli after introduction of the bacterial inoculum by the ascending route. E. coli strain 31-B, a nalidixic acid-resistant derivative of strain TN675 expressing type-1 pili, and E. coli strain BH-5, a mutant of 31-B, not expressing type-1 pili, were used in the model. Both the strains were able to induce chronic renal inflammation in the experimental animals. Whereas the initial colonisation was greater with strain 31-B, its non-pilate mutant BH-5 caused a significantly greater inflammatory response and also caused renal scarring observable 5 months after the infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with polyuria and acute renal insufficiency.

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with polyuria, enlarged kidneys, and renal insufficiency is reported. The diagnosis was made by percutaneous needle biopsy of the kidney. Renal failure reversed and the kidneys regressed in size on exhibition of the first cycle of chemotherapy. The rarity of polyuria at presentation, the role of renal biopsy in the diagnosis, and the response of renal failure to specific chemotherapy are discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1995

Effect of hematoporphyrin derivative and light on sulfhydryl groups in brain tumour cells.

Effect of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and light on sulfhydryl (SH) groups in brain tumor cells was studied. Sulfhydryl groups were measured by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and a fluorescent probe 3,4-maleimidylphenyl-4-methyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin (CPM). Incubation of cells with HpD in dark resulted in the loss of DTNB as well as CPM reactive SH groups. After 2 hr of incubation DTNB reactive SH groups showed a negligible change while a continuous decrease was observed in CPM reactive SH groups. Cells treated with HpD showed a further degradation of SH groups upon light irradiation. A comparison of cytotoxicity and SH groups under identical conditions showed that blockage of SH groups by HpD binding is not leathal to the cells where as photoinduced cell death was observed on photodegradation of SH groups.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Structural alterations induced by photodynamic action of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) in plasma membrane of glioblastoma (U-87MG) cells: time dependent fluorescence spectroscopic study.

Photodynamic action of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) on the plasma membrane of human glioblastoma U-87MG cells was investigated using lipid and protein specific fluorescent probes trimethylammonium-1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH) and N-(1-pyrene)-maleimide (PM) respectively. Steady state anisotropy, decay time and time dependent anisotropy of these probes in U-87MG cells were measured. Light irradiation caused an increase in the steady state anisotropy of TMA-DPH in cells treated with HpD; however, no change in decay time was observed. Time dependent anisotropy measurements were performed and the data were analyzed using wobbling in cone model. A decrease in the rotational relaxation time (phi) as well as the cone angle (theta(c)) and an increase in the order parameter (S) of TMA-DPH were observed on photosensitization of cells. A decrease in the order parameter (S) of TMA-DPH were observed on photosensitization of cells. A decrease in the steady rate anisotropy and the rotational relaxation time (phi) of PM and enhancement in the lipid peroxidation were also observed. Our results show that the photodynamic action of HpD increases the order in the lipid bilayer and the mobility of the proteins in the plasma membrane of cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1994

De novo diabetic glomerulosclerosis in a renal allograft recipient.

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus is a well-recognized complication of renal transplantation. Although such patients are at risk for the development of de novo diabetic glomerulosclerosis with increasing graft survival, this has rarely been reported. We describe a patient with posttransplant diabetes mellitus who developed end-stage renal failure due to diabetic glomerulosclerosis 12 years after renal transplantation.

Diabetic Nephropathies↗
PubMed1994

Ca2+ influx induced by photodynamic action in human cerebral glioma (U-87 MG) cells: possible involvement of a calcium channel.

The plasma membrane has been implicated as a critical target of photodynamic action on cells. We have observed that the photosensitization of human cerebral glioma (U-87 MG) cells by hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) causes a large increase in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. This increase in [Ca2+]i was solely due to the influx of extracellular Ca2+ through the plasma membrane and showed a dependence on HpD concentration, light dose and concentration of calcium in the extracellular medium. The magnitude of the Ca2+ influx decreased with increasing postirradiation time, which suggests that the cell membrane partially recovers from the photodynamic injury. The photoinduced Ca2+ influx was inhibited by the Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem and the reducing agent dithioerythritol. These findings are discussed in terms of possible activation of a Ca2+ channel as a result of photosensitization.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1994

Acute renal cortical necrosis--a study of 113 patients.

Over a 28-year period, 113 out of 2986 (3.8%) patients dialysed for acute renal failure at a referral center in North India were diagnosed to have acute renal cortical necrosis (ACN). Obstetric causes were responsible for ACN in 56.6% patients and nonobstetric causes in 43.4%. Within the obstetric group, ACN developed in association with complications of late pregnancy in 37.1% and following septic abortion in 19.5%. The various nonobstetric causes included viperine snake bite in 14.2%, hemolytic uremic syndrome in 11.5%, renal allograft rejection in 5.3%, acute gastroenteritis in 4.4%, acute pancreatitis in 3.5%, septicemia in 2.7%, and trauma and drug-induced IV hemolysis in 0.9% patients. Total anuria was the commonest presenting feature and was noted in 78.8% of patients. Renal histology showed diffuse cortical necrosis in 62.8% and patchy lesions in 37.2% patients. Computerized tomography (CT scan) of the kidneys revealed characteristic diagnostic findings in all the 5 patients in whom it was done. Dialytic support could be withdrawn as a result of improvement in renal function in 19 patients with patchy cortical necrosis. Dialysis-free survival of as long as 12 years has been recorded. The present study shows that, in contrast to the Western world, ACN continues to be a common cause of acute renal failure in developing countries. CT scan of the kidneys is helpful in establishing an early diagnosis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

Acute renal failure in a case of fatal chromic acid poisoning.

Despite its frequent use in industry, acute poisoning by chromic acid has very rarely been reported. We report a patient who developed massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute renal failure, and hepatic injury following chromic acid ingestion, and subsequently died. Postmortem liver and kidney biopsies revealed centrilobular necrosis and severe acute tubular necrosis, respectively.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

Choroid plexus tumours--an immunohistochemical analysis with review of literature.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 9 choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) and 3 choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) using a panel of antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S-100 protein, vimentin (vim), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is presented. Focal positivity was observed for GFAP in 11, vimentin in 7, cytokeratin in 2 and EMA in 3 cases. Diffuse and intense immunoreactivity for S-100 protein was seen in all papillomas, however, unreactive areas were noted in carcinomas. All cases exhibited focal to diffuse NSE positivity. Location and type of the tumour and age of the patient did not influence the staining pattern except for predominant S-100 positivity in papillomas. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the differential diagnosis or immunoreactivity patterns of these tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Autopsy findings and clinical diagnoses: a review of 1,000 cases.

The protocols of 1,000 consecutive adult patients autopsied during the period June 1983 to December 1988 were retrospectively analyzed and the findings were compared with clinical diagnoses. The autopsy rates during this period ranged between 23% and 27% of hospital deaths. Eighty-seven percent of the autopsied patients were between 15 and 59 years of age. Major discrepancies between the autopsy reports and the clinical diagnoses were present in 31.7% of all autopsy reports reviewed. Infectious diseases were the most common cause of death (46.8%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (17.1%) and neoplastic diseases (14.3%). Infections were clinically recognized in 66.7% of cases and were missed or found to be incorrect in 33.3% of cases. Tuberculosis comprised 33.8% of the major bacterial infections and was clinically diagnosed in 82% of cases. Eighty-nine percent of the major fungal infections were not suspected clinically. Rheumatic heart disease (43.8%) was the most common cardiovascular disorder and was clinically diagnosed in 93.3% of cases. Pulmonary vascular episodes were the least common cause of death and were not suspected clinically in 62.9% of cases. Malignancies were incorrectly diagnosed in 25.8% of cases. We conclude from this study that routine autopsies revealed major unexpected findings that are of clinical importance, and that a continued emphasis on autopsy evaluation is necessary for the improvement of the quality of patient care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Hereditary nephritis (Alport's syndrome)--clinical profile and inheritance in 28 kindreds.

Sixty-three patients, (52 males and 11 females) from 28 kindreds of hereditary nephritis (Alport's syndrome) were identified over a 14-year period from 1977 to 1991. Group I included 51 patients with (a) positive family history of haematuria with or without chronic renal failure, (b) characteristic GBM changes on electron-microscopy, (c) characteristic ocular signs, and (d) high-frequency sensorineural deafness. Group II included 12 patients with a negative family history. All of them had evidence of renal disease with characteristic ocular signs and deafness and four had characteristic GBM changes on electron-microscopy. The main clinical features were haematuria in 96.8%, deafness in 82.5%, and diminished visual acuity in 66.7% of affected subjects. Hypertension was present in 71.4% patients. Pure tone audiometry revealed high-frequency sensorineural deafness in 96.8%. Ocular examination showed bilateral anterior lenticonus in 37.8%, retinal flecks in 22.2%, cataract in 20%, and keratoconus in 6.7% patients. Proteinuria (> 2.0 g/24 h) was detected in 31.8%. Sixteen (57.1%) of the 28 index patients (all males) were diagnosed for the first time when they presented with end-stage renal disease. Serum creatinine in the overall group ranged from 0.9 to 18.7 mg/dl(7.81 +/- 5.37 mg/dl). Adequate renal tissue was obtained by biopsy in 14 patients. Light-microscopy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in five, mesangial proliferation in four, chronic interstitial nephritis in three, and mesangiocapillary and crescentic glomerulonephritis in one each. Electron-microscopy showed characteristic changes in the GBM in seven specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗