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Biomedical subjects

K K Adour

Publications and source records attributed to K K Adour.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Herpes simplex virus in idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell palsy).

Sera from all 41 adult patients with idiopathic facil paralysis (Bell palsy) and 35 (85%) of 41 matched controls who had never had Bell palsy contained antibodies to herpes simplex virus (P smaller than.05). The frequency of antibodies to herpes zoster virus did not differ in patients and controls. A rise in antibody titer, indicating primary herpes simplex virus infection, was not found in these patients. That Bell palsy may be caused by reactivation of herpes simplex virus is suggested by (1) clinical, neurologic, laboratory, and immunologic similarities between idiopathic facial paralysis and known manifestations of reactivated herpes simplex virus infection, and (2) the known neurotropism of herpes simplex virus, including its presence in latent form in the trigeminal ganglia, and parallels with known facial paralysis due to varicella zoster virus, a closely related agent. The presence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus is the only common factor among the patients tested in this study.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1970

Bell's palsy.

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Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Idiopathic facial paralysis, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle.

The records of 42 women with Bell's palsy during pregnancy, and of 91 nonpregnant women, whose dats of onset of Bell's palsy and of the preceding menstrual cycle were precisely known, were studied for factors that might show relation between pregnancy or the menstrual cycle and Bell's palsy. Of the 42 cases in pregnancy, 31 occurred in the third trimester, five in the first two weeks postpartum, and six in the first two trimesters combined. Our calculated frequency of Bell's palsy in pregnant women is 45.1/100,000 births; for nonpregnant women of the same age group the calculated incidence is 17.4/100,000 per year. No causative relation was found between toxemia, hypertension or primigravidity, and Bell's palsy. Over 60% of the cases in nonpregnant women occurred in the first 14 days of the menstrual cycle with peaks on the first and seventh days and near ovulation. No clear evidence for an etiologic relationship was seen with edema or hormonal changes in either pregnancy or the menstrual cycle. A number of factors in pregnancy and the menstrual cycle suggested an etiologic role for herpes simplex virus reactivation in Bell's palsy. There was no evidence that prednisone treatment is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Herpes simplex polyganglionitis.

Evidence suggests that many cranial nerve syndromes, such as migraine headache, acute vestibular neuronitis, globus hystericus, carotidynia, acute facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), and Meniere's disease, are caused by the neurotropic herpes simplex virus (HSV). Because transitory cranial nerve dysfunction during acute HSV infection can be asymptomatic but often occurs in conjunction with mucocutaneous vesicles, we tested five subjects with herpes labialis for cranial nerve dysfunction. Four of the subjects had hypesthesia of the trigeminal nerve (which recurred in two); four, hypesthesia of the glossopharyngeal nerve; and two, hypesthesia of the second cervical nerve. Three of the subjects had positional or spontaneous nystagmus (which recurred in one); one of the subjects had a unilateral, decreased caloric response of 50%. Unilateral weakness of the cricothyroid muscle or the palate occurred in three of the subjects (and recurred in one). Volitional electromyograms were normal in all the subjects, but two of the subjects had increased facial nerve latency (which recurred in one). Similar findings of an acute, transitory nature should suggest to the clinician a viral polyganglionitis caused by HSV infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute superior laryngeal nerve palsy: analysis of 78 cases.

Acute superior laryngeal palsy is often clinically unrecognized and frequently overlooked. Yet, this motor paralysis occurs more frequently than facial paralysis. Like acute facial paralysis, superior laryngeal palsy often occurs as part of a cranial polyneuritis that is probably related to herpes simplex virus reactivation. Rotation of the larynx and shortening of one vocal cord have been found in such diverse syndromes as vestibular neuronitis, migraine and tension headaches, unexplained cough, tinnitus aurium, globus hystericus, and carotidynia. Electromyographic studies suggest that laryngeal spasm may be caused by faulty regeneration of the superior, rather than the recurrent, laryngeal nerve.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decompression of the facial nerve in Bell's palsy: a historical review.

This year, 1981, is the 50th anniversary of facial nerve decompression for Bell's palsy. The procedure was first suggested in 1923 but not performed until 1931. From the start, facial nerve decompression has generated disagreement regarding the indication and timing for surgical treatment and the anatomic extent of decompression. In each decade as the postonset time within which to perform surgical intervention has decreased, the anatomic extent of decompression has increased. Otologists continue to disagree, and we need to reevaluate our past and analyze how the difference may be resolved in the future. This critical review, in chronologic order, of the history and present status of facial nerve decompression is the necessary first step in resolving some of the persistent problems in surgical management of patients with Bell's palsy.

Facial Nerve↗