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Biomedical subjects

K K Datta

Publications and source records attributed to K K Datta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Epidemiological profile of Japanese encephalitis in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, 1982-1988.

An in-depth study of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) situation in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh from 1982-1988 showed increasing trend in the incidence of JE. Total number of annual cases and case fatality rate (CFR) rose from 118 and 23.7 per cent in 1982 to 772 and 32.2 per cent in 1988 respectively. A definite increase was noticed in the number of cases per block following lull years in 1984 and 1987. Among the total affected 1201 villages, 1083 were affected only once. All age groups were affected and the disease showed marked seasonality during August to November. JE, which came in epidemic form in earlier years has established in the area in endemic form.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Diarrhoeal diseases amongst children under five. A study in rural Alwar.

A house to house survey was done in three villages of district Alwar covering 875 children under five years age. Two week incidence of diarrhoea morbidity was 2.27 episodes/child/year taking into consideration the seasonal correction factor. The incidence decreased with increase of age. Incidence was found significantly more in children of illiterate mother (p < 0.05). Children of poor socio-economic conditions as determined by occupational status (labourers) suffered significantly more often from diarrhoea as compared to children of higher socio-economic status (agriculturist and others). Fifty per cent episodes of diarrhoea were treated with antibiotics, and only one child was given ORS. It is a matter of concern. About 3.7 per cent mothers washed their hands before preparing meals while, 1.6 per cent washed their hands after toilet. Only 2 per cent mothers had the knowledge of preparing the home made salt sugar solution. An intensive health education campaign is therefore, necessary for health professionals as well as mothers.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiological profile of outbreaks of cholera in India during 1975-1989.

Cholera has been present in India since antiquity. Six pandemics originated in Indian subcontinent. The present seventh pandemic caused by El Tor Vibrio cholerae started from Indonesia (Sulawesi) in 1961 and entered India in 1964. By the end of 1965 it has replaced the age old classical V. cholerae. Many of the States which never had cholera or were free from it for a long time got infected and became endemic foci of El Tor infection. This article reviews the epidemiological features of important outbreaks reported after 1975 in India.

Cholera↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of high risk children under five--a study in rural Delhi.

678 under five children were surveyed in village Shahbad Mohammadpur, Delhi. Two weeks morbidity was also recorded. 47.9 per cent children had one or more risk factors studied. Significantly more female children (54.1 per cent) were at risk than male children (43.3 per cent). 433 risk factors were observed in 325 at risk children. Majority of them had one or two risk factors. Birth interval less than two years and malnutrition were most frequent risk factors. At risk children suffered significantly more than not at risk (21.2 per cent vs 14.4 per cent). The results confirmed the validity of the risk factors considered for the study.

Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1990

Sero-epidemiology of measles--a three years prospective study in a rural population of Rajasthan.

A community based prospective study on measles was undertaken during 1986 to 1988 in Ramgarh village of Alwar district (Rajasthan) to elucidate epidemiological features of measles. The initial population of the village was 5258 with 2018 children (0-14 years) which rose to total population of 5923 with 2200 children in 1988. During the entire period of study, all the children (0-14 years) were covered regularly through monthly domicilliary visits by trained paramedical personnel under direct supervision of Medical Officers. A total of 208 measles cases were detected which gave an overall incidence rate of 31.5 per 1000 children (0-14 years) per year. Incidence rate was highest in children of 2-5 years of age group and lowest (4.6 per 1000) in 10-14 years of age group. The maximum number (86.5 per cent) of cases occurred during the first six months of year. The Kolmogrov-Smirnov statistical method validated the seasonal character of the disease (Vn = 5.36, p less than 0.01). A significant (P less than 0.005) rise in seropositivity with increase in age was observed in children (6-36 months) who had no previous history of measles and measles immunization during their life time. A higher rate of sero-conversion was observed in children vaccinated after 10-months of age than those before. No significant relationship of seroconversion following vaccination could be seen with age of vaccination (p greater than 0.50), sex and nutritional status (p greater than 0.10).

Child↗
PubMed1990

A study of two-weekly incidence of ARI in under-five children of rural area of Alwar (Rajasthan).

A retrospective study of two-weekly incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the under-five children of rural area of Alwar District (Rajasthan) based on the previous fourteen days' recall by the mothers was undertaken during December 1989 to assess the magnitude of the problem and its' risk factors. The two-weekly ARI incidence was reported to be 33 episodes per 100 under-fives. Mothers in higher socio-economic strata reported higher incidence of ARI for their children due to more accurate recall. Majority of ARI cases (76 per cent) were found to be of mild degree. 26 per cent of deaths in under-fives during the previous year were reported to be ARI-related. 50 per cent of ARI cases were left untreated. Among the treated group, private practitioners were found to be the main source of health care.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiology of measles--a thirteen years prospective study in a village.

A prospective study on measles was undertaken during 1974 to 1986 in Hiramanpur village, Varanasi having an initial population of 1538 which rose to 2101 in 1986 enabling to register a total of 23,221 (all population) person years of observation and a total of 9191 (0-14 years) person years of observation. The entire population was covered regularly through domicilliary visits by trained para-medical personnel under direct supervision of medical officers. All cases were verified by doctors. A total of 411 measles cases were detected, which gave average annual incidence rates of 17.7 and 44.7 per thousand population and per thousand children (0-14 yrs), respectively. The maximum number of cases occurred in Ist quarter of the year (69.7 per cent). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistical method validated the seasonal character of the disease (Vn = 5.18, p less than 0.01). The maximum measles cases occurred in children 1-4 yrs (57.4 per cent). Males (54.9 per cent) were affected slightly more than females (45.1 per cent). A total of 246 (59.9 per cent) cases developed complications. The most frequent was respiratory infections (42.2 per cent) followed by infection of gastrointestinal system (32.2 per cent). The complication rates were found higher in infants and older children (greater than 5 yrs.) in both the sexes. Three-fourth of the cases did not get any treatment. The overall case-fatality rate was 2.2 per cent. Females had higher rate (3.3 per cent) than males (1.3 per cent) and the highest case fatality rate was observed in infants, particularly in females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological evaluation of BCG vaccine efficacy in Delhi--1989.

A field evaluation of efficacy of BCG vaccine to prevent tubercular meningitis was undertaken in a case control study in Delhi during 1988-89. Each case of tubercular meningitis was matched by age and neighbourhood with 2 controls from the community. Thirty-seven cases of tubercular meningitis were matched with 74 controls and thus 37 triplets were analysed. ODDS RATIO between BCG vaccinated and non vaccinated individuals for acquisition of tubercular meningitis was 11.3. This gives 84 per cent efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of TB meningitis under the field conditions prevailing in Delhi. Paired matched analysis of tubercular meningitis with the control group 1 and 2 separately revealed the ODDS RATIO to be 9.5 and 15 respectively. The corresponding BCG vaccine efficacy worked out were 90 and 93 per cent respectively. Authors suggest that this method of evaluating BCG vaccine efficacy is fairly reliable and cost effective. This methodology could be further simplified by using hospital patients as control and be introduced to evaluate BCG vaccine efficacy in different areas with reference to its role in preventing tubercular meningitis under the programme of immunisation.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1979

Toxicological studies of ammonium sulfamate in rat after repeated oral administration.

A 90-day study involving administration of O (group 1), 100 (group 2), 250 (group 3) and 500 mg/kg (group 4) of ammonium sulfamate to rats 6 days a week was carried out. No adverse effect was observed in respect of appearance, behaviour or survival of animals. No significant difference in the body weights of rats was observed except in case of adult rats (group 4) where the body weight was significantly less than the controls after the end of 60 days. In all the groups food intake gradually reduced whereas water intake increased as the experiment proceeded. No significant change in relative organ weights were noticed in all groups of rats. Haematological examination conducted at 30, 60 and 90 days revealed non-significant increase in the neutrophils in the adults and male weanling rats (group 4) after 90 days. In the histological examination, organs in all the groups of animals appeared normal except that the liver of 1 rat in adults (group 4) showed slight fatty degenerative changes after 90 days.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Endosulfan: lack of cytogenetic effects in male rats.

Cytogenetic effects of endosulfan (Thiodan) a member of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide was tested in male albino rats. The insecticide was administered orally to rats at 0, 11.00, 22.00, 36.60 and 55.00 mg/kg daily for 5 days. The highest doses were associated with clinical signs of insecticide poisoning and death. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells and spermatogenial cells did not reveal any significant effect of the insecticides on chromosomes. The ratio of mitotic index and frequency of chromatid break in the two cell types had no correlation with the doses tested and was not very different from those of the control group.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparative response of male rats to parathion and lindane: histopathological and biochemical studies.

Exposure of male rats to parathion (2.6 mg/kg), lindane (17.6 mg/kg), or their combination through oral intubation daily for a period of 90 days produced histological and biochemical alterations in the liver and testis. The focal necrosis of the liver, although observed in all the treatments, was very prominent in the animals exposed to lindane alone. The kidney and epididymis, however, did not show any significant histological lesions. The activity of acetylcholine esterase in blood and brain decreased markedly, whereas that of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, and the alkaline and acid phosphate in liver and testis showed significant alterations for all three treatments.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1978

Histopathological and biochemical changes in guinea pigs after repeated dermal exposure to benzene hexachloride.

Dermal application of benzene hexachloride in daily doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg for a total period of 30 days caused significant changes in male guinea pigs. The animals exposed to high doses of benzene hexachloride (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) (BHC) (BHC) died within 5--12 days. There was no mortality in 100 mg/kg/day but significant pathologic and biochemical changes were observed in the vital organs of the experimental animals. Massive congestion and thickened blood vessels were seen in liver of the BHC treated animals in comparison to the normal picture of the controls. Similarly, testicular changes included mild to severe pathologic lesions. There was no change in the epididymis, kidney, spleen, brain and lungs. The changes in the skin were mild and no signs of dermatitis were observed in the BHC painted areas. The activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in liver and serum revealed significant changes from that of the controls. The significance of biochemical changes with the tissue damage of the insecticide exposed animals are discussed.

Administration, Topical↗