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Biomedical subjects

K Köves

Publications and source records attributed to K Köves.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Distribution of hypothalamic, hippocampal and other limbic peptidergic neuronal cell bodies giving rise to retinopetal fibers: anterograde and retrograde tracing and neuropeptide immunohistochemical studies.

In our present work utilizing the retrograde or anterograde transport of tracers (biotinylated dextran amine and Fluorogold, respectively) we have provided direct evidence for the cells of origin of the limboretinal pathway in rats and their termination in the retina using light microscopic approach. Administration of biotinylated dextran amine into the vitreous body resulted in nerve cell body labeling in several structures: the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, the hippocampus (CA1, CA3), the dentate gyrus, the indusium griseum, the olfactory tubercle, and the medial habenula, all of them belong to the limbic system. We estimated that the total number of retrogradely labeled cells is 1495+/-516. We have seen fiber labeling in the retinorecipient suprachiasmatic nucleus and in the primary visual center, the lateral geniculate body, but labeled nerve cell bodies in these structures were never seen. Iontophoretic application of Fluorogold into the hippocampal formation, where the major part of the biotinylated dextran amine-labeled cell bodies was observed, resulted in labeled fibers in the optic nerve and in the retina indicating that the retrogradely labeled cells in the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus among others are the cells of origin of the centrifugal visual fibers. Sections showing biotinylated dextran amine labeling were stained for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone immunoreactivity using immunohistochemistry. Some biotinylated dextran amine-labeled cells also showed vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone immunoreactivity. We conclude that the limboretinal pathway exists and that the cells of origin are partially vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone immunoreactive.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of PACAP on LH release studied by cell immunoblot assay depends on the gender, on the time of day and in female rats on the day of the estrous cycle.

We have previously demonstrated that pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) can be released from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells and when added to the medium in physiological concentration it releases LH from individual gonadotropes. In the present work, we studied whether the release of PACAP and the responsiveness of LH cells to PACAP depend on the gender, on the time of day when the animals were sacrificed, and in females on the stage of the estrous cycle. Anterior pituitary cells were cultured on nitrocellulose membrane. We found that the number of PACAP releasing cells was higher in proestrous than in diestrous female or in male rats and their number was always higher in the evening than at the other times. The effect of PACAP on LH cells was stimulatory in the morning of proestrus and diestrus. In proestrous rats, PACAP did not influence LH release in the afternoon or the evening, but in diestrous rats it decreased it in the afternoon and the evening. In males, there was a decrease of LH due to PACAP treatment at 10 and 20 h; however, PACAP did not influence LH at 16 h. It was concluded that in vivo PACAP might be involved in the circadian and episodic release of LH at pituitary level.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Neonatal PACAP administration in rats delays puberty through the influence of the LHRH neuronal system.

The onset of puberty is a concerted action of many factors which leads to cyclic LHRH release in rats. It has been demonstrated that; in common with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is also involved in the differentiation of the central nervous system. In our previous work, it was shown that a single PACAP injection into neonatal female rats delayed puberty. In the present work, neonatal administration of PACAP delayed the vaginal opening and decreased the weight of anterior pituitaries, the number of expelled ova at the first ovulation and the intensity of LHRH immunostaining in the septo-preoptico-infundibular system. PACAP antiserum had a reverse effect on LHRH immunoreactivity. The other studied parameters in the latter group remained unchanged compared to control rats. It was concluded that neonatal PACAP administration delayed the onset of puberty through the influence of the LHRH neuronal system.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cell immunoblot assay study demonstrating the release of PACAP from individual anterior pituitary cells of rats and the effect of PACAP on LH release.

The presence of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) was previously demonstrated in the anterior pituitary by radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). With the use of cell immunoblot assay (CIBA), when the pituitary cells were cultured on nitrocellulose membrane, the release of PACAP by individual anterior pituitary cells was observed. The released peptide, trapped by the nitrocellulose membrane forming a blot around the cells, was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. Double labeling revealed that a part of PACAP-immunoreactive cells can release LH as well. With the use of sandwich enzyme immunoassay (S-EIA), it was found that the concentration of PACAP in the anterior pituitaries is 10(-10) M. In cell culture in a similar concentration, PACAP stimulated the LH release from female gonadotropes, but did not influence it from male ones. The stimulated release of LH was indicated by the enhancement in the diameter of LH blots compared to the untreated control cultures. We concluded that PACAP may be released from the anterior pituitary cells in a concentration which would be able to influence LH release not only in vitro but under in vivo conditions as well. The effect of PACAP on LH release was different in female and male pituitary cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

What may be the anatomical basis that secretin can improve the mental functions in autism?

Autism was first described and characterized as a behavioral disorder more than 50 years ago. The major abnormality in the central nervous system is a cerebellar atrophy. The characteristic histological sign is a striking loss or abnormal development in the Purkinje cell count. Abnormalities were also found in the limbic system, in the parietal and frontal cortex, and in the brain stem. The relation between secretin and autism was observed 3 years ago. Clinical observations by Horváth et al. [J. Assoc. Acad. Minor. Physicians 9 (1998) 9] supposed a defect in the role of secretin and its receptors in autism. The aim of the present work was to study the precise localization of secretin immunoreactivity in the nervous system using an immunohistochemical approach. No secretin immunoreactivity was observed in the forebrain structures. In the brain stem, secretin immunoreactivity was observed in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, in the superior olivary nucleus, and in scattered cells of the reticular formation. The most intensive secretin immunoreactivity was observed in the Purkinje cells of the whole cerebellum and in some of the neurons of the central cerebellar nuclei. Secretin immunoreactivity was also observed in a subpopulation of neurons in the primary sensory ganglia. This work is the first immunohistochemical demonstration of secretin-immunoreactive elements in the brain stem and in primary sensory ganglia.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Structure, localization and physiologic role of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)].

PACAP was isolated on the basis of its ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase in primary anterior pituitary cell culture from ovine hypothalami by Miyata et al. in 1989. This peptide is structurally related to the secretin family and shows a 67% sequence homology with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The amino acid sequence of PACAP has been highly preserved during the evolution that may be connected with its important physiological role. Similar to other "brain-gut peptides" PACAP is localized not only in the central but in the peripheral nervous system and in non-neural tissues as well. In addition to its hypophysiotropic effects in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system PACAP exerts its effects on water-salt balance, cardiovascular functions, gastrointestinal motility and secretion and also on the regulation of reproductive functions. PACAP has a role in certain neuro-immuno-endocrine processes, in the differentiation of the nervous system, and it has neuroprotective effects in the case of ischaemia and various toxic agents. Locally PACAP takes its effects as an auto- and paracrine hormone, a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator in different organs. Besides VIP, PACAP plays an important role in the function of the photo-neuro-endocrine system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

PACAP38 and PACAP27 administered intracerebroventricularly have an opposite effect on LH secretion.

The effect of PACAP38 on the LH surge and ovulation was compared with that of PACAP27 and VIP in the same model. The peptides were administered intracerebroventricularly before the critical period of the proestrous stage. PACAP38 was able to inhibit ovulation and to prevent the preovulatory LH surge; however, PACAP27 did not inhibit the ovulation and VIP inhibited the ovulation in 2/11 animals. In those animals of the last two groups in which ovulation occurred, the preovulatory LH surge was higher than in control rats. It is speculated that the opposite effect of PACAP38 and PACAP27 on the preovulatory LH surge and ovulation is possibly mediated through different receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is present in human and cat gastric glands.

In the present work we have studied the occurrence of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in human and cat stomach mucosa using immunohistochemistry. As seen under a light microscope, there were many large rounded and ovoid cells that were PACAP immunopositive, mainly in the neck of the gastric glands of both species. The immunopositive material was predominant in the perinuclear area. The PACAP immunolabeling was specific because the preincubation of the antiserum with PACAP abolished the immunostaining. In human samples under electron microscope, the PACAP immunoreactive cells have shown the characteristics of parietal cells. In faintly stained cells, the localization of DAB reaction product was associated with the surface of the intracellular canaliculi. Cell labeling could not be observed besides parietal cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) immunoreactive elements in the brain stem of rats studied by immunohistochemistry.

In the present work the distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) immunoreactive elements in rat brain stem were described using immunohistochemistry. The following structures were PACAP immunoreactive: 1. The dorsomedial and ventrolateral cell columns of the motor nuclei of cranial nerves. 2. Primary somatosensory cells in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and central axons of the branchial cranial nerves in the spinal trigeminal tract. 3. Visceral afferent fibers in the solitary tract and cell bodies in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. 4. Second and third order sensory neurons of the cochlear and vestibular systems. 5. Scattered fibers in various regions of the brain stem and well-defined fiber bundles in the interpeduncular area. 6. Cell bodies in the red nucleus, substantia niga, in some cell groups of the reticular formation and in the raphe nuclei, as well as in the pontine dorsolateral tegmentum.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

PACAP colocalizes with luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone immunoreactivities in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its close relative vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were demonstrated in the anterior pituitary gland. The cells which exhibited PACAP immunoreactivity were oval or round shaped. Their distribution was similar to that of gonadotropes but the number of PACAP immunoreactive cells was less. Double labeling revealed that PACAP immunoreactivity partially colocalized with luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone; however, colocalization with other pituitary hormone immunoreactivities was not demonstrated. Our results suggest an autocrine or paracrine role of PACAP in the regulation of pituitary functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

VIP fibers in rat optic chiasm and optic nerve arising from the hypothalamus.

This is the first report showing VIP fibers in the optic chiasm and the optic nerves of intact rats. These fibers form a fan-shaped dorso-medial bundle in the optic nerves. After colchicine injection into the vitreous body VIP fibers could be followed farther in the optic nerve toward the eye when compared to intact rats. After removal of eyes (enucleation) the VIP fiber-bundle became more prominent and VIP immunoreactive perikarya appeared in the supraoptic and para ventricular nuclei. When five-nine months after the enucleation Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin was administered to the paraventricular or supraoptic area, the anterogradely transported tracer was demonstrated in the optic nerve. These observations suggest the existence of a hypothalamic projection to the eye, which is, at least in part, VIP immunoreactive.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of the lack of light impulses on the hypothalamic PACAP and C-fos immunoreactivities in rats.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a member of the secretin family. It is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The highest concentration of PACAP was found in the hypothalamus. In the present work it has been studied whether PACAP is involved in the mediation of photic stimuli to the anterior pituitary gland. We have examined the effect of the lack of light impulses on the hypothalamic PACAP and C-fos immunoreactivities. In adult rats 10 days after the removal of the eyes (surgical enucleation) and in those received monosodium glutamate treatment neonatally (chemical enucleation). The PACAP immunostaining enhanced in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei and in the extemal zone of the median eminence. C-fos immunoreactivity also enhanced in a few hypothalamic nuclei 2 hours after the surgical enucleation indicating that the lack of light impulses activated hypothalamic neurons which, in turn, might stimulate the release of PACAP into the portal circulation. It has been concluded that PACAP may be involved in photoendocrine regulations.

Animals↗