Normal and abnormal blood pressure in childhood.
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Blood Pressure↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kaas Ibsen
Publications and source records attributed to K Kaas Ibsen.
Factors influencing blood pressure in children and adolescents.
The relationship between blood pressure, height-weight-obesity, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol was investigated in a population of 871 children and adolescents. The structure of the data was also analysed and a comprehensive control of the model was undertaken. A mean blood pressure (MBP) with minimum variance was used as an integrated measure for the blood pressure. A new children's body mass index CBMI = log weight -0.008 X height was used to measure the obesity of the children. This index was proved to be independent of the children's height. The best single descriptive factor for MBP in boys is HDL/total cholesterol (HDLI). In girls, the CBMI is the most descriptive. Weight contributes significantly to the description of MBP in both sexes. In girls, the HDLI also improves the description of MBP. In boys, age is of no significance when weight is included in the analysis. Heart rate (HR) depends significantly on weight in both sexes. In girls, HR furthermore is correlated to cholesterol. None of the parameters; circumference of arm, consumption of tobacco or licorice, serum triglyceride, and diabetes in family were found to contribute significantly to the description of MBP or HR when CBMI, weight, HDLI and total cholesterol are included in the analysis.
Adolescent↗
Serum ferritin in Danish children and adolescents.
Serum ferritin concentrations were measured in 909 urban Danish schoolchildren (451 boys, 458 girls) 6 to 17 years old. The children had been randomly selected and served as an urban reference population. Geometric mean ferritin values were identical in boys and girls 6 to 15 years old, while 16- and 17-year-old boys had higher values than girls (P less than 0.01). There was a slight rise in mean ferritin values from 6 to 11 years, followed by a temporary fall during the subsequent adolescent growth period. Geometric mean ferritin values and significant differences were as follows: Children 6 to 11 years old (n = 335), 29 micrograms/l and adolescents 12 to 15 years old (n = 417), 26 micrograms (P less than 0.01): Adolescent boys 16 to 17 years old (n = 76), 32 micrograms/l and adolescent girls same age (n = 81), 24 micrograms/l (P less than 0.01). The frequencies of low ferritin values less than 10 micrograms/l (i.e. exhausted iron stores) were: Children 6 to 11 years old, 2.1%: Adolescents 12 to 15 years old, 5.0%: Adolescent boys 16 to 17 years old, 0.0%: Adolescent girls 16 to 17 years old, 11.1%. High ferritin values greater than 60 micrograms/l (i.e. large iron reserves) were observed in 6.2% of boys and 6.9% of girls.
Adolescent↗
Blood pressure in children with diabetes mellitus.
Blood pressure measurements were evaluated in 151 children aged 2-19 years old with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) of a duration of few months to 15 1/2 years. Compared with a reference group, the diabetic children had lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) shortly after start of DM. There was no difference for the systolic blood pressure (SBP). After duration of diabetes of 5 years there were no significant differences in SBP and only significantly lower DBP in girls (median difference 5 mmHg, p less than 0.01), while the difference in boys is insignificant (median difference 2 mmHg, p = 0.32). In a model describing the intraindividual variation in blood pressure and its dependence on age, weight and height it was found that age was insignificant when weight and height were included. For DBP height was also insignificant when weight was included. For the 9 children with retinal microaneurysms the average SBP was significantly higher than expected for diabetic children of that weight and height.
Adolescent↗
Intrarenal reflux.
Seventy-six children with a total of 123 ureters showing vesico-ureteric reflux were reviewed in order to detect intrarenal reflux (pyelotubular backflow) occuring during micturating cystourethrography. This was found in 7 patients (9.2%). Five patients had unilateral and two bilateral intrarenal reflux. In only 7 out of the 9 kidneys with intrarenal reflux was it possible to outline the kidney contour precisely on excretion urography. In 3 cases renal damage corresponded exactly to the areas with intrarenal reflux. One kidney showed damage which did not correspond to the location of intrarenal reflux and 3 were without signs of damage. Renal damage of varying localization was found in 54 of the 123 kidneys with vesico-ureteric reflux and intrarenal reflux was present in 6 of these (11%). The significance of intrarenal reflux as a cause of renal damage and whether intrarenal reflux might be primary or secondary to the renal damage are discussed, and it is concluded that presence of intrarenal reflux is a definite indication for operation.
Child, Preschool↗