Biomedical subjects

K Kaga

Publications and source records attributed to K Kaga.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Delayed motor function and results of vestibular function tests in children with inner ear anomalies.

The relation between the results of vestibular function tests and gross motor development was examined in 4 children with inner ear anomalies. CT scans demonstrated the absence of lateral semicircular canals in both ears in all 4 cases. None responded to caloric stimulation using 40 ml of icewater. In contrast, the damped rotation test elicited per-rotatory nystagmus in all cases. Per-rotatory nystagmus was provoked in only two cases by the Bárány rotation test. Development of gross motor function, especially independent walking, was more delayed in the two children in whom the Bárány rotation test failed to elicit per-rotatory nystagmus.

Child↗

PubMed1992

Cat 'P300' and cholinergic septohippocampal neurons: depth recordings, lesions, and choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry.

The role of septohippocampal circuits in the generation of the P300 response in cats (n = 12) was explored in a series of depth recording, tract-tracing and lesion experiments. Systematic mapping of the hippocampus in 1-mm increments from rostral to caudal extent revealed large positive potentials, greater in amplitude to rare than to frequent stimuli, within the 200-500 ms range. Each map revealed maximal amplitude responses at diverse, widely distributed hippocampus loci. Furthermore, these electrical responses displayed polarity inversion within the hippocampus that was generally localized to the pyramidal cell layer; polarity inversion was also observed in the adjacent entorhinal cortex and amygdala. Injections of propidium iodide, a tract-tracing agent, into these inversion sites resulted in retrograde labeling of small clusters of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons in the medial septal nucleus and vertical limb of the diagonal band. Aspiration lesions that bilaterally destroyed large amounts of caudal hippocampus from stereotaxic levels A4 to A1 resulted in a decreased number of cells expressing ChAT in the rostral basal nuclear complex. In only 2 cats was the preoperative presence of a significant vertex P300 absent postoperatively. In the majority of cases (5 of 8 animals), hippocampal aspiration produced an enhancement of the preoperative P300 potential. We conclude that cholinergic mechanisms are importantly, albeit not exclusively, involved in the mediation of P300 potentials in cats. Neurons mediating P300 responses appear to be organized in diverse clusters of septal and diagonal band cells. These septal cells may facilitate, and in turn be facilitated or inhibited as a function of hippocampal, or other, allocortical feedback loops.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Pure word deafness due to left hemisphere damage.

We report the case of a 55 year-old right-handed man who presented with a long lasting pure word deafness following left thalamic bleeding. There was no sign of aphasia. The auditory deficit was specific for language, while recognition of music and environmental sounds was normal. CT, MRI and PET examinations showed that the lesion was anatomically and functionally confined to the left cerebral hemisphere, mainly the white matter of the temporal and parietal lobes. Wernicke's area was largely preserved. It is proposed that pure word deafness was consequent to the isolation of Wernicke's area from incoming auditory information due to the interruption both of the association fibers from the right auditory area traveling across the corpus callosum and of the left auditory radiations.

Brain Injuries↗

PubMed1992

Temporal bone findings in keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness syndrome. Case report.

In 1981, the term KID syndrome was suggested for patients with congenital ichthyosis associated with deafness and keratitis. We had a chance to examine the temporal bone of an infant with this syndrome. This patient showed no auditory brain stem response in either ear. Temporal bone studies revealed cochleosaccular abnormality. These findings are offered as a possible explanation for the patient's deafness. The pathologic inner ear findings of congenital deafness syndromes associated with ichthyosis have been heretofore reported in Refsum's syndrome and in a case with universal alopecia. In these cases, the temporal bone pathologic findings were a result of cochleosaccular abnormality. From our case and previous reports, it is suggested that the deafness associated with congenital ichthyosis might be the result of cochleosaccular abnormality.

Cochlea↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical study of paragangliomas in the thorax].

Four cases of paraganglioma in the thorax, consisted of 3 cases originating from the mediastinum and a case of pulmonary metastasis from the posterior peritoneum, were clinically investigated. Three were malignant and one was benign with noradrenaline secretion. On surgical excision, preoperative arterial embolization was assumed to be useful for reducing hemorrhage during procedure. Pre and intra-operative circulatory management was also mandatory in case of functioning paraganglioma. Of the 3 malignant cases, 2 survived for more than 10 years with radiotherapy alone or surgical resection of multiple metastatic nodules in the bilateral lungs. The other one, though inoperable due to extensive invasion to right and left atria, showed highly sensitivity to intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of CDDP. These results suggested that long term survival might be expected even in metastatic or inoperable cases. There were no reliable histologic features distinguishing malignant from benign tumors, however 2 malignant cases with local invasion showed aneuploid patterns in the DNA histograms, which might offer a adjunct possibility in the assessment of malignancy.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Speech discrimination and lip reading in patients with word deafness or auditory agnosia.

The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of four patients with word deafness or auditory agnosia to discriminate speech by reading lips. The patients were studied using nonsense monosyllables to test for speech discrimination, a lip reading test, the Token Test for auditory comprehension, and the Aphasia test. Our results show that patients with word deafness or auditory agnosia without aphasia can improve speech comprehension by reading lips in combination with listening, as compared with lip reading or listening alone. In conclusion, lip reading was shown to be useful for speech comprehension among these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Temporal bone pathology of two infants with Larsen's syndrome.

Two infants who had multiple joint dislocations, unusual facies, and bony abnormalities, typical of the syndrome first reported by Larsen et al. (J. Pediatr., 37 (1950) 574-581) are described. This report expands Larsen's syndrome to include the following findings of temporal bone pathology. Case 1 (one year and 8 months old) showed dislocation of the malleus and incus, an abnormal foot plate, mesenchyme remaining in the attic and mesotympanum, poor development of the mastoid air cells, and poor development of the labyrinth. Case 2 (3 years and 6 months old) showed dislocation of the malleus and incus, mesenchyme remaining in the attic and mesotympanum, and an abnormal stapes. These histological findings suggest that a maldevelopment similar to that which occurs in the skeletal system occurs in the temporal bones as well as in the face and extremities including many joints.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1991

Gardenia fruit extract does not stimulate the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, A10.

We investigated the effect of a hot water extract from Gardenia fruit (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) (GFE), which has a stimulatory effect on endothelial cell proliferation, on the proliferation of A10 cells, an established cell line of vascular smooth muscle cell from murine aorta in a culture system. GFE did not change the number of A10 cells after a 48 h culture. GFE significantly increased the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine into the acid-soluble fraction of bovine aortic endothelial cell layers, but significantly decreased that of A10 cells. These results suggested that GFE stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells but not of A10 cells. In the endothelial cell culture, GFE significantly increased the accumulation of basic fibroblast growth factor, which is an autocrine for endothelial cell proliferation in medium and low-affinity (glycosaminoglycans-binding) fractions, while A10 cells did not produce a significant amount of the factor. Since it is postulated that a selective stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation by increasing the production of basic fibroblast growth factor is appropriate for prevention of arteriosclerosis and thrombosis, GFE may contain a beneficial component as a useful drug.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

P300 response to tones and speech sounds after cochlear implant: a case report.

P300 potentials evoked by tones and spoken words were recorded from a 20-year-old man with a House-3M single-channel cochlear implant. Three months after cochlear implantation, there was a slight appearance of P300 response to both pure-tone stimuli and spoken-word stimuli; 6 months later, clearly identifiable P300 response to both pure-tone stimuli and spoken-word stimuli were obtained. These results are consistent with an encoding improvement for re-establishment of information processing after auditory rehabilitation.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Computer analysis of the optokinetic pattern test in acoustic tumors, brain stem and cerebellar lesions. Slow and fast phase velocities of optokinetic nystagmus.

Optokinetic pattern (OKP) abnormalities in 36 patients with infratentorial lesions were analyzed by microcomputer (7T18 Nihondenki-Sanei). The parameters used for analysis consisted of slow phase velocity (S-VEL) and fast phase velocity (F-VEL) in optokinetic nystagmus. In 16 patients with acoustic tumors, S-VELs were normal or borderline when the tumors were less than 2 cm in diameter, but when the tumors were more than 2 cm, S-VELs were severely impaired. In 20 patients with brain stem and/or cerebellar lesions, S-VELs were abnormal in all the patients with the exception of 3. F-VEL abnormalities were seen in only 5 patients with brain stem lesions, especially pontine lesions. These findings suggest that S-VEL is a sensitive indicator of infratentorial lesions and F-VEL an important indicator of pontine lesions.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed1991

Computer analysis of optokinetic pattern test for patients with localized lesions of unilateral frontal eye fields.

Four patients with localized lesions of the left frontal eye field as demonstrated at autopsy or MRI were studied. Their electronystagmography (ENG) recordings, which were induced by optokinetic stimulus, were analyzed by computer. Four factors were calculated by the ENG analyzing program. We conclude that the asymmetry of OKP in patients with localized lesions of the unilateral frontal eye fields is primarily caused by impaired S-VEL and F-VEL of the contralateral OKN compared with the side of the frontal eye field lesion.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

The relation between motor function development and vestibular function tests in four children with inner ear anomaly.

It is well known that the development of motor function is frequently retarded in children with congenital deafness, particularly in cases of inner ear anomaly. The relation between the results of vestibular function tests and the development of motor function in 4 children with inner ear anomaly is studied. CT scan obtained from these cases revealed the absence of lateral semicircular canals in both ears. There were no responses to caloric stimulation using 40 ml ice-water. However, damped rotation test elicited per-rotatory nystagmus in all cases. In contrast to this result, the same nystagmus was provoked only in 2 cases in Barany rotation test. Early development of motor functions, especially that of first walk, was more retarded in the 2 cases showing no per-rotatory nystagmus in Barany rotation test than in the other 2 positive cases.

Child↗

PubMed1991

Results of damped-rotation tests in brain damaged infants and children.

We studied the relation between vestibular functions and neurological diagnosis in 477 brain damaged infants and children who had delayed gross motor functions. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 319 infants with cerebral palsy in the first year of life, and Group 2 consisted of 158 brain damaged children up to 4 years of age. The damped-rotation test was used to evaluate vestibular function and the number of perrotatory nystagmus were measured. In Group 1 there were 24 infants with no vestibular responses, including two who were deaf. Five of those in Group 1 showed no responses at the first year of life but normal responses as they developed. In Group 2, all had normal vestibular responses. These results show that the incidence of no vestibular response is very high in infants with spastic cerebral palsy.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Slow and fast phase velocities of optokinetic nystagmus induced by the optokinetic pattern test in infratentorial lesions.

Optokinetic pattern (OKP) abnormalities in 36 patients with infratentorial lesions confirmed by CT or MRI were analyzed by microcomputer. The computer analysis system enabled the OKP data to be changed to digital data consisting of the slow phase velocity (S-VEL) and the fast phase velocity (F-VEL) in optikinetic nystagmus. In 16 patients with acoustic tumors. S-VELs were normal or borderline when the tumors were less than 2 cm in diameter, but when the tumors were more than 2 cm. S-VELs were severely impaired. F-VEL abnormalities were not seen in our study except in one patient. In 20 patients with brain stem and/or cerebellar lesions, S-VELs were abnormal in all the patients with the exception of 3. There was no significant difference in S-VEL between the group with brain stem lesions and that with cerebellar lesions. F-VEL abnormalities were seen in only 4 patients with brain stem lesions, especially pontine lesions. These findings suggest that S-VEL is a sensitive indicator for infratentorial lesions and F-VEL an important indicator for pontine lesions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[A case of bilateral sudden hearing loss and vertigo caused by bilateral temporal bone metastasis from pancreatic carcinoma--comparison of clinical findings and temporal bone pathological findings].

We report temporal bone pathology in a 25-year-old man with bilateral temporal bone adenocarcinoma which was caused by metastasis from a primary lesion in the pancreas. The initial symptoms began with vertigo and headache and the patient noticed left hearing loss in the left ear on the following day. A few days later, he noticed hearing loss in the right ear, and bilateral hearing was totally lost within two weeks of the onset. In addition to severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, left IInd, bilateral Vth and VIIIth cranial nerve paralysis occurred. Brain CT showed multiple metastatic lesions in the brain. The patient's general condition rapidly deteriorated, and he died of acute pneumonia on the 42nd day after onset. At autopsy it was revealed adenocarcinoma of the tail and body of the pancreas and its metastasis to the brain and meninges. Pathological study of the temporal bone showed infiltration of carcinomatous cells along the VIIth and VIIIth nerves in the bilateral internal auditory canals.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1991

[Auditory brainstem response and extratympanic recorded electrocochleography in patients with multiple and severe handicaps].

Nine patients ranged between 5 months and 35 years (means 14 years) of age with multiple and severe disabilities were comparatively studied, on extra-tympanic recorded compound action potential (AP) of electrocochleography and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Both ABR and AP were obvious in 3 patients with clear auditory behavioral responses. The ABR was not recorded to high intensity click stimuli in six patients without visible auditory behavioral responses. Four of the 6 cases showed undetectable AP and the 2 rest of the 6 cases showed abnormal but discernible AP. In two cases with history of the anoxic encephalopathy, AP was recorded but ABR was not detected in one case, and in the other, neither AP nor ABR was recorded. At least two different levels of lesions could be differentiated in cases without detectable ABR by using extra-tympanic recorded electrocochleography in these kinds of severely handicapped patients.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1991

[2 cases of rhinogenic intracranial complications with normal rhinoscopy].

Two cases of non-postoperative rhinogenic intracranial complications are reported: patient 1 was a 25-year-old female with meningitis and right orbital phlegmon, and patient 2 was a 21-year-old male with a brain abscess. Main symptoms in these patients were meningeal signs and high fever, and intranasal findings were normal in both patients. The diagnosis was not made until computed tomography revealed paranasal abnormalities. Soon after surgical intervention and treatment with large doses of antibiotics. These patients were completely cured of intracranial complications. It should be beared in mind that rhinogenic intracranial complications with lack of intranasal abnormal findings, as in these patients, can exist even today.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Bilateral congenital atresia. Auditory and vestibular testing and surgical approach.

Bilateral congenital atresia presents various problems of hearing, education, psychology and surgery. The complexity of these problems needs a systematic approach, from the initial evaluation to the rehabilitative recommendation. It is very important for infants and children with bilateral aural atresia to be provided with sufficient hearing either through surgical correction of the ear or by a hearing aid or both because bilateral aural atresia gives moderate hearing loss. This paper describes our preoperative assessment of auditory and vestibular function at very early age and the surgical technique for meatoplasty.

Bone Conduction↗