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Biomedical subjects

K Kai

Publications and source records attributed to K Kai.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Humoral immune responses of cats to feline infectious peritonitis virus infection.

Immunoperoxidase antibody (IPA) method as a titrating method of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus (FIPV) was developed for titrating antibody to FIPV (IPA-titer). By this method the immune responses of the cats that had been infected with FIPV, were traced. The infected cats could be grouped into three types by their immune response to FIPV and clinical appearances. Type I cats lived for a long time, formed a major group among infected cats, had 160 to 1 x 10(4) IPA-titers, and showed healthy appearances without any changes both on autopsy and histopathologically. From among type I cats, type II cats appeared sporadically with rapid elevation of IPA titers to 3.2 x 10(5) and showing clinical signs of FIP, and died. Type III cats lived healthily for a long time with gradual elevation of IPA-titers to a plateau of about 1 x 10(5), then showed neuronal disorder of hind leg paralysis with the descending IPA-titers to 2 x 10(4), and died. Thus, typical FIP appeared as a hyper-immune disease. Other related problems are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Daily energy expenditure in active and inactive persons with spinal cord injury.

Daily energy expenditure (DEE) was evaluated seventeen male subjects with spinal cord injury (SSCI), who had active (N = 9) and inactive (N = 8) lifestyles, and in seven normal males. DEE was estimated from the mean 24-hr heart rate and heart rate-energy expenditure relationship determined in an arm cranking exercise. The DEE of SSCI on active days did not differ from those of normal subjects. On inactive days, SSCI had significantly lower DEE than on active days and than normal subjects. In contrast, the mean 24-hr heart rates of SSCI on active days and inactive SSCI were significantly greater than those of normal subjects, suggesting that SSCI, particularly inactive SSCI, exhibited a slight degree of tachycardia when compared to normal subjects. On inactive days, the DEE was fairly independent of the level of spinal cord injury. However, on active days, there was a clear tendency for SSCI with a low lesion level to have a higher DEE. Even if a SSCI with a high lesion level engaged in active sports, his DEE was relatively small. This lower DEE was largely attributable to the smaller functional muscle mass due to the limitation of physical activity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical localization of basal lamina components in the developing rat epiphyseal cartilage canals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the appearance of basal lamina components (Type IV collagen and laminin) and the development of cartilage canals. In the distal femoral epiphyses from developing rats, the distribution of basal lamina components in the cartilage canal was examined immunohistochemically. The formation of cartilage canals from the perichondrium was first observed on the fifth day after birth. By Day 8, a few cartilage canals penetrated the epiphyseal cartilage and considerably increased in size and length. By light microscopic immunohistochemistry, reticular structures stained with anti-Type IV collagen and antilaminin antibodies were observed in the cartilage canals. In the early development of cartilage canals, however, immunostaining by anti-Type IV collagen antibodies was weaker than that by antilaminin antibodies. In eight-day-old rats, the laminin-positive reticular structures were more densely colored and more widely distributed in the canal than the Type IV collagen-positive ones. Type IV collagen was found around the endothelial cells of the developing capillaries by electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. Laminin was observed in the cytoplasm of the mesenchymal fibroblastic cells and their pericellular matrix as well as in the capillary basal lamina. These immunohistochemical electron microscopic observations can explain the differences that are observed in Type IV collagen and laminin immunostaining patterns as cartilage canals develop. Laminin synthesized by the mesenchymal fibroblastic cells may promote the migration and the outgrowth of endothelial cells in the formation of cartilage canals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine contained in 2% lidocaine on hemodynamics of the carotid and cerebral circulation in older and younger adults.

The effects of vasoconstrictor-containing local anesthetics on the carotid and cerebral circulation were investigated using an ultrasonic quantitative blood flow measurement system. Nineteen healthy adult volunteers were divided into two groups according to age. The local anesthetics used were 2% lidocaine containing 1:80,000 epinephrine and 2% lidocaine containing 1:25,000 norepinephrine. One (1.8 mL) or two (3.6 mL) cartridges of each anesthetic were injected into unilateral or bilateral maxillary gingivae. Epinephrine-containing lidocaine had little effect on carotid and cerebral hemodynamics. Norepinephrine-containing lidocaine increased arterial blood pressure, decreased heart rate, and decreased carotid arterial blood flow and velocity, which caused increased cerebrovascular resistance and decreased cerebrovascular capacitance. The results suggest that norepinephrine may induce vasoconstriction of the cerebral blood vessels in both young and old adults in a dose-dependent manner. These changes appear to be greater in older people.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Fusobacterium necrophorum antibody in bovine sera.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with HCl heat extracted antigen of Fusobacterium necrophorum was developed for the detection of antibody in bovine sera. Optimal conditions for antigen concentration and dilution of bovine serum were established. Pretreatment of positive reference serum with the antigens of different bacteria demonstrated no decrease, whereas the serum pretreated with F. necrophorum antigens revealed a decrease in the ELISA values. The apparent difference in ELISA values was observed between the sera derived from cattle infected and not infected with Fusobacterium necrophorum. These findings indicate that the ELISA detects the antibody to F. necrophorum in bovine sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of recurrent liver tumor from gastric cancer responding remarkably to hepatic arterial infusion of large doses of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil].

A 69-year-old man underwent subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in 1989. He was diagnosed with recurrent liver tumors at 9 months after the operation. Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil were infused repeatedly into hepatic artery, at total doses of 170 mg and 15 g, respectively. Metastatic tumors disappeared in liver by this therapy. There were no side effects such as liver dysfunction, bone marrow suppression and anorexia in spite of the large amount of anti-cancerous agents. This case suggested that hepatic arterial infusion of a large amount of anti-cancerous agents is a good method for liver metastasis from gastric cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Tissue distribution of recombinant mouse interferon-gamma and recombinant human interferon-gamma in mice, rats, hamsters, and monkeys.

Homologous (mouse) and heterologous (human) recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) interferons were injected intravenously into C57BL/6 mice. After 5 min, the greatest proportion of the human IFN was found in the liver, whereas no mouse IFN was detected in the liver at this time or later. Similar results were found in rats, hamsters, and cynomolgus monkeys. Thus, the tissue distribution of these two recombinant IFN-gamma in the various species is not determined by species specificity but by the physicochemical characteristics of the molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hepatitogenicity of three plaque purified mutants of hepatotropic mouse hepatitis virus, MHV-2.

Hepatitogenicity of three plaque purified mutant strains of mouse hepatitis virus, designated as MHV-2S, -2M and -2L, isolated from MHV-2 infected SR-CDF1-DBT cells was studied. After intraperitoneal inoculation with 2 x 10(5) PFU of parental MHV-2 and its mutants to 4-week-old female ICR mice, 40% of mice inoculated with MHV-2S and 20% of mice with -2M died in one week, whereas with -2L all mice survived. All mice inoculated with MHV-2 died in 3 days postinoculation (p.i.). Virus titer of the liver of mice inoculated with MHV-2, -2S and -2M reached peaks (MHV-2:10(7) PFU/0.2 g, -2S: 10(5) PFU/0.2 g and -2M: 10(6) PFU/0.2 g) at 96 hr p.i., while with -2L a peak titer (10(3) PFU/0.2 g) was shown at 48 hr p.i. Immunofluorescence revealed MHV specific antigen in the liver of MHV-2S infected mice in and around necrotic areas though less extensive than that of parental MHV-2 infected mice. With MHV-2M specific fluorescence was restricted in degenerated hepatocytes in the small necrotic foci. In mice inoculated with MHV-2L only faint fluorescence was detected. Histopathologically, in the liver of MHV-2S infected mice zonal necrosis and cell infiltration were observed. There were spotty necrosis and focal cell infiltration in the liver of MHV-2M infected mice and only small inflammatory foci were seen in MHV-2L infected mice. Large number of extracellular virions were detectable in MHV-2S but not in -2M and -2L infected mice by electron microscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Biochemical and immunological characterization of murine leukemia viruses that are paralysis-inducing in rats.

The molecular size and pI of the viral structural proteins of four PVC viruses (PVC111, PVC211, PVC321 and PVC441) were compared by single or two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PVC111 had slightly larger p15E and gPr85 molecules (about 0.5 kilodalton) than did the other PVC viruses. On the other hand, the virion structural proteins p30, p15, p12E and p12 from all the viruses had the same molecular sizes and pIs. The gp70s and p10s from all the viruses showed the same molecular sizes. A monoclonal antibody to gp70 of PVC321 virus recognized the gp70s of all PVC viruses, but not the gp70s of four clones of the wild mouse ecotropic viruses, Friend murine leukemia viruses (F-MuLV), AKR ecotropic MuLV, dual-tropic F-MuLV or NZB endogenous xenotropic MuLV, revealing that these four PVC viruses are homologous with each other, but distinct from the known mouse retroviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[S E M study of vascular architecture of periodontal ligament under chronic marginal periodontitis].

The present study was carried out by fabrication of microcorrosive resin cast to investigate the vascular changes of periodontium of dogs' mandibular incisors with severe mobility and deep pocket formation concomitant with suppuration and alveolar bone loss. With aid of the dissolution of soft tissues by protease, alveolar bone remained left with resin cast of specimen, which then was referred for scanning electron microscopic examination. Results were as follows: 1. The vasculature of inner gingival epithelium which originally appeared as a flat, mesh-like network underwent a conformational change and turned out to be a vasculature with glomerulus-like loops due to chronic inflammation. 2. No remarkable change was ever identified in vasculature of periodontal ligament surrounding cervix of tooth. 3. Certain parts of vasculature of periodontal ligament disappeared, which combining with the occlusion indicated the occurrence of occlusal trauma. 4. Exposed alveolar bone surface where the periodontal vasculature disappeared showed an amorphous, flat surface. Quite contrast to this, the surface of alveolar bone on which the vasculature is located appeared undergoing a resorptive process. 5. Accordingly, the damage occurred in periodontium was not merely due to chronic inflammation but to the accompanying occlusal trauma which was supposed to be a predominant factor.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1988

Cytotoxic effects of a leukocidin from Fusobacterium necrophorum on bovine hepatic cells.

Cytotoxic effects of a leukocidin from Fusobacterium necrophorum were demonstrated on bovine hepatic cells. The cytotoxic response was dose-dependent and could be inhibited by homologous antiserum. Scanning electron microscopy revealed damaged hepatic cell surface. These findings indicated a pathogenic role of the leukocidin in F. necrophorum infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of leukocidin from Fusobacterium necrophorum on bovine peripheral leukocytes in vitro.

Partially purified leukocidin from Fusobacterium necrophorum damaged bovine peripheral leukocytes as demonstrated by trypan blue staining. Granulocytes were most and T-lymphocytes least sensitive to the leukocidin. Heating for 30 min at 60 degrees C completely inactivated the leukocidin. The cytotoxicity of the leukocidin could be neutralized by homologous anti-leukocidin. Scanning electron microscopy of the exposed cells revealed an apparent destruction of the cell membranes, loss of the microvilli and smoothing of the cell surfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effects of malotilate on hepatic drug metabolizing systems in different strains of rats.

1. In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated for 7 days with malotilate (MAL:250 mg/kg, p.o.), cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents, aminopyrine N-demethylase and heme oxygenase activities were significantly increased. In Wistar rats, cytochrome b5 content and heme oxygenase and delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activities were found to be significantly increased. 2. Among the antipyrine metabolites excreted in urine during the 24 hr after antipyrine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) administration, norantipyrine increased significantly in Sprague-Dawley rats, while a significant increase of 4-hydroxyantipyrine was observed in Wistar rats. 3. The serum dimethadione/trimethadione ratio was only found to be significantly increased in Sprague-Dawley rats. 4. These results indicate that malotilate may have inducible effects on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, and that it affects the various cytochrome P-450 isozymes from different strains of rat in different ways.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Avulsion of the hamstring muscles from the ischial tuberosity. A report of two cases.

In two rare cases with avulsion of the hamstring muscles from the ischial tuberosity without fracture of the ischium, the clinical features were: (1) sudden onset of pain in the buttock; (2) difficulty on standing after trauma; (3) a palpable defect and tenderness on the area distal from the ischial tuberosity; and (4) weakness of flexion of the knee with a loss of normal outline of the hamstring muscles on the dorsal aspect of the knee. There was no roentgenologic evidence of fracture of the ischium. Surgical repair with reattachment of avulsed muscles to the ischium and proximal tendinous sheaths of the muscles restored function or corrected deformity.

Adolescent↗