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K Kain

Publications and source records attributed to K Kain.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Associations between insulin resistance and thrombotic risk factors in high-risk South Asian subjects.

AIMS: There is recognized association of thrombotic factors to insulin resistance in White Europeans. South Asians are more insulin resistant compared with white Europeans and express increased metabolic features of insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to determine whether there was any relationship between insulin resistance and thrombotic risk factors in healthy South Asian subjects. METHODS: Healthy South Asians (n = 185) clinically free from ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke or peripheral vascular disease were randomly recruited. Partial correlations of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) (surrogate of insulin resistance) were analysed with two fibrinolytic and five coagulation factors. RESULTS: Age and gender-adjusted HOMA was significantly correlated to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (0.51, P = 0.0001), tissue plasminogen activator antigen (r = 0.40, P = 0.0001), fibrinogen (r = 0.28, P = 0.0001), von Willebrand factor (r = 0.17, P = 0.03), factor XIIa (r = 0.22, P = 0.006) factor VII antigen (r = 0.19, P = 0.02) and factor XIII B subunit (r = 0.30, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance significantly clusters with fibrinolytic and coagulation factors in South Asians, which may contribute to high prevalence of vascular disease in this population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Impaired fibrinolysis and increased fibrinogen levels in South Asian subjects.

The potential role of haemostatic risk markers is largely unexplored in South Asians, who have increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and an increased prevalence of insulin resistance. To investigate differences in thrombotic risk markers between South Asian and White populations, 42 Asian and 50 White males and 96 Asian and 80 White females, clinically free from vascular disease, were recruited. Venous blood samples were taken for measures of haemostasis and determination of blood lipids. South Asian females showed lower fasting blood glucose than White females (4.6 vs. 4.8 mmol/l, P<0.008). In the South Asian population, total cholesterol was lower in females, with a similar trend in males (females 5.0 vs. 5.5 mmol/l, P<0.001; males 5.1 vs. WM 5.5 mmol/l, P=0.09), but no difference in triglyceride levels. South Asian subjects of both genders had markedly higher levels of fibrinogen (females 3.3 vs. 2.8 mg/dl, P<0.0005; males 3.0 vs. 2.5 mg/dl P<0.002) and PAI-1 activity (females 14.6 vs. 8.7 ng/ml, P<0.0005, males 21.3 vs. 12.2 ng/ml, ) P<0.0005). Factor VII:C was lower in both South Asian groups (females 110.9 vs. 122.4%, P<0.005; males 103.3 vs. 125%, P<0.0005). Factor XII was lower in South Asian females and there were no differences in Factor XII levels in male populations. These results suggest that elevated PAI-1 and fibrinogen in Asians of both genders may contribute to the increased vascular risk experienced in this population; however, the role of dyslipidaemia and Factor VII are not clear in these processes.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Decreased fibrinolytic potential in South Asian women with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease.

To investigate gender differences in conventional, coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in South Asian ischaemic stroke patients, we compared these variables in 50 South Asian females (SAFP) with 90 South Asian males (SAMP) with ischaemic stroke and in 52 females (SAFC) and 38 males (SAMC) without stroke. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen levels were significantly higher in SAFP compared with SAMP (18.2 vs. 13.3 U/ml, P = 0.04) even after adjustment for known covariates, but there was no difference in PAI-1 antigen levels between males and females in the control group. South Asian females exhibited higher levels of factor VII antigen and FVII:C activity in both stroke patients (114 vs. 99% in males, P = 0.01; 116 versus 104% in males, P = 0.04) and controls (116 vs. 97% in males, P = 0.004; 115 vs. 93% in males, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the levels of fibrinogen (3.8 vs. 3.7 g/l), FXIIa (2.2 vs. 2.4 ng/ml), von Willebrand factor (1.8 vs. 1.9 IU/ml) and tissue plasminogen activator (11.4 vs. 12.0 ng/ml) in SAMP and SAFP respectively. These results suggest that South Asian females have increased FVII levels and that females with a history of ischaemic stroke have a decreased fibrinolytic potential in comparison with males.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Insulin resistance and elevated levels of tissue plasminogen activator in first-degree relatives of South Asian patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: South Asians in the United Kingdom suffer from an increased mortality from cerebrovascular disease compared with whites. Evidence suggests that the relatives of white stroke patients are at increased risk of vascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate atherothrombotic risk factors in the first-degree relatives of South Asian patients suffering from ischemic cerebrovascular disease and to compare them with South Asian subjects free from clinically detectable cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: We compared 143 relatives of South Asians with ischemic stroke (South Asian relatives group) with 146 South Asian control subjects from West Yorkshire, UK. RESULTS: The ages and ethnic and sex distributions of South Asian relatives and South Asian controls were similar. There were no significant differences in body mass index, waist-hip ratio, number of current smokers, and past medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or myocardial infarction between the 2 groups. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were similar in the 2 groups. Fasting insulin (South Asian relatives, 12.0; South Asian controls, 8.5 mU/L; P<0.0001) (independent of tissue plasminogen activator) and insulin resistance (derived by Homeostasis Model Assessment) (South Asian relatives, 2.7; South Asian controls, 1.9; P=0.001) were significantly raised in stroke relatives. Stroke relatives showed elevated levels of tissue plasminogen activator (South Asian relatives, 11.6; South Asian controls, 8.4 ng/mL; P<0.0001), which was independent of plasma insulin. There were no differences in plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen or activity between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: South Asians stroke relatives exhibit hyperinsulinemia, increased insulin resistance, and increased tissue plasminogen activator levels. These observations might account for increased susceptibility to atherothrombotic disease in this ethnic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Kimura's disease: an unusual cause of head and neck masses.

This article presents a case report of a patient who presented with Kimura's disease. Kimura's disease is an unusual condition with predilection to involve the head and neck. Since Kimura's disease often imitates a neoplastic or inflammatory process of the head and neck it behooves the otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon to be able to recognize this entity.

Adult↗