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Biomedical subjects

K Kairemo

Publications and source records attributed to K Kairemo.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Immunoglobulin uptake and processing by Schistosoma mansoni.

Intravascular Schistosoma mansoni worms seem to take up immunoglobulins from blood by surface Fc-receptors, but the process whereby bound immunoglobulins are processed by the parasite is poorly understood. We here present morphological data suggesting that two distinct main processes are involved: Host immunoglobulins were seen at two distinct locations in the parasite: in the frontal part of the enteric tube, the oesophagus, and as a fine granular staining at the surface and in the subtegumental region. The latter staining pattern corresponds to host immunoglobulin localization in discrete organelle-like aggregates tentatively identified as 'discoid or elongate bodies' at the ultrastructural level using immunogold staining. Immunoglobulin uptake by intravascular worms was also demonstrated in vivo after passive administration of 125I-labelled rabbit and mouse immunoglobulins. Radiolabelled immunoglobulins were taken up by the worms and shown to localize as fine strands running perpendicular to the parasite surface. Our results suggest that intravascular schistosomes take up host immunoglobulins both as part of their enteric digestion and by a surface Fc-receptor-mediated mechanism, involving transport and processing within organelles, 'elongate bodies'. Immunoglobulins taken up by intravascular schistosomes form a distinct organelle-like granules, which seem to be processed within the excretory system of the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Scintigraphic assessment of slow transit constipation with special reference to right- or left-sided colonic delay.

OBJECTIVE: Subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for slow transit constipation has several side-effects. The motor abnormality in some patients may be segmental which could motivate a limited resection of the colon. Therefore a diagnostic tool to identify a segmental colonic motor dysfunction is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate a scintigraphic method to assess colonic transit with special reference to right- or left-sided delay. METHODS: Twenty-three constipated patients (19 women, mean age 50 years) with slow colonic transit on radio-opaque marker studies and 13 healthy individuals (11 women, mean age 46 years) were studied. All subjects were examined with oral (111)Indium-DTPA scintigraphy. The scintigraphic results for patients and controls were presented as geometric centre of radioactivity and percent activity over time in the right, the left and the recto-sigmoid colon. The inter-observer variation in the interpretation of the scans was also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in transit time between the groups of patients and controls in the right colon whereas the patients had a significant delay in the left colon (P < 0.05). Two patients had a marked delay in the right colon followed by relatively rapid transit in the left colon. The inter-observer correlation was good comparing the right, the left and the recto-sigmoid colon (r = 0.58-0.98, P < 0.01-0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that colonic scintigraphy with oral (111)Indium-DTPA may help to select patients for a left or, in a few cases, a right hemicolectomy for slow transit constipation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Long-term follow-up study of gastric emptying and Helicobacter pylori eradication among patients with functional dyspepsia.

Studies on the influence of Helicobacter pylori gastritis on gastric motility have produced inconclusive results. We investigated the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia in a placebo-controlled double-blind study with one year follow-up. A standardized scintigraphic double-tracer examination was used. Of the 40 subjects, 29 were H. pylori-positive patients with functional dyspepsia and 11 were asymptomatic control subjects. Gastric emptying parameters were: postlag 50% retention time for solids (T50), gastric emptying half-time for liquids (T1/2), solid lag duration, and intragastric distribution of solids. At baseline, the scintigraphic examination was performed for all study subjects to detect any major alterations between dyspeptic patients and asymptomatic control subjects. Thereafter every patient was randomized to receive either H. pylori eradication therapy or placebo; in addition they also received omeprazole 20 mg once a day for three months to stabilize the acid suppression therapy. After one year scintigraphy was repeated for the patients. The solid lagtime was prolonged among dyspeptic patients compared with asymptomatic controls (P = 0.02). After one year there was no significant difference between H. pylori-eradicated and placebo-treated patients in any gastric emptying parameter. However, good reproducibility of the scintigraphic examination showing the gastric emptying rate of solids (r = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.07-0.69; P = 0.02) and liquids (r = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.09-0.69; P = 0.02) continued even after one year of follow-up. In conclusion, eradication of H. pylori has no impact on gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia, but the long-term trend in individual gastric emptying rate is stable.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1998

Role of gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia: a scintigraphic study of 94 subjects.

Many physiological factors can alter gastric emptying, and the role of gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different factors (age, sex, the degree of dyspeptic and irritable bowel symptoms, lactase deficiency, smoking habits, the use of antiinflammatory drugs, and H. pylori gastritis) on gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia. The study population consisted of 83 patients with functional dyspepsia and 11 control subjects who underwent a standardized scintigraphic examination to study gastric emptying. This study detected no difference in gastric emptying between different subgroups with functional dyspepsia. There was, however, a slight tendency for delayed gastric emptying among patients with functional dyspepsia compared to controls. Intragastric distribution of the solid content was more distally located in smokers, and the solid lagtime was prolonged among antiinflammatory drug users. The gastric emptying of liquids was delayed among older patients. The subgrouping of dyspeptic symptoms is of minor importance with respect to gastric emptying. Habitual smoking and the use of antiinflammatory drugs are potent factors able to alter the gastric emptying of solids, but the role of H. pylori seems to be less important.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Radioiodinated estramustine phosphate and estramustine binding protein antibody accumulate in the prostate of a mouse.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of radioiodinated estramustine (RI-EMP) and a radioiodinated antibody against estramustine binding protein (RI-EMBP-AB) in mice. METHODS: RI-EMP and RI-EMBP-AB were injected in male mice intravenously, and the activities of tissue samples were measured 1-31 hr from the injection. Pure iodine-125 (RI) was used as a control. RESULTS: RI-EMP accumulated in the prostate, which contained 2.6% of injected activity (ID) per gram tissue at 7 hr. The liver had an activity of 21.4% ID/g at 1 hr, which decreased as RI-EMP was secreted in bile. The lung contained 2.3% ID/g at 7 hr, and it retained the activity longer than the prostate. RI-EMBP-AB accumulated in the prostate: The activity was 2.9% ID/g at 7 hr. The gallbladder contained 6.5% ID/g at 7 hr. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its cytotoxic and radiosensitizing properties, RI-EMP can possibly be used for treating prostate cancer and other tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

In vivo modulators of antibody kinetics.

The aim of the present study was to summarize the effect of in vivo modulation of antibody kinetics and to present new data on the in vivo effect of the cell membrane active detergent Tween 80 and the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the accumulation and clearance of a radioactive antibody. Mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma xenografts and rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas were studied after injecting I-125 labeled IgG1 monoclonal antibody (3c4c7g6) raised against a tyrosine kinase receptor protein Tie. Expression of Tie is known to be abundant in vascular endothelia and possibly related to malignant angiogenesis. Tween 80 was administered intratumorally (0.04% of tumor volume), whereas IL-2 was administered intraperitoneally. In the Lewis lung tumor model, the absolute tumor uptake varied between 2 and 5% ID/g, and maximum uptake was achieved after 24 h with Tween, and after 48 h without Tween. Tween manipulation did not increase the uptake in any normal organ, but it enhanced antibody clearance from the blood. In the DMBA rat model, IL-2 had no effect on blood clearance, but enhanced the uptake of Tie antibody into the tumor from 2.5-0.9 to 4.5-0.4% ID/g at 48 h. These data indicate that antibody biodistribution and pharmacokinetics can be modulated by a surface detergent and a cytokine, giving decreased exposure to critical organs, and increased uptake into the tumor. This type of manipulation provides an opportunity to optimize radioimmunotherapy.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1994

Samarium-153-EDTMP in bone metastases.

Thirty-five patients with painful bone metastases arising from a variety of tumor types underwent a clinical trial in which 153Sm-EDTMP was injected as a single intravenous dose. The injection ranged in amount from 330 MBq to 1110 MBq of 153Sm-EDTMP. Pain relief usually occurred within one week after administration. The duration of pain relief lasted from 2 to 17 weeks. A detectable degree of pain palliation was experienced by 80% of the treated patients; 54% reported substantial or complete pain relief. Due to the small number of patients, no clear-cut dose-related response was detectable. Moderate myelosuppression was observed in one patient (WHO grade III). The metastatic lesion-to-normal bone ratios remained constant (varying from 1.5 to 4.8) for at least 5 days post-injection. 153Sm cleared very rapidly from the blood. Less than 1% of the injected dose remained in circulation at 4 hours post-injection. No local accumulation of the tracer could be detected outside the skeleton. Urinary excretion was quite complete at 6 hours post-injection. The biodistributions of 153Sm-EDTMP and 99mTc-DPD are very similar in metastatic and normal bone; thus, bone scanning can be used for patient selection and followup. According to our results, it seems that higher doses of 153Sm-EDTMP can be given safely and without any irreversible myelosuppression.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Radioimmunodetection of prostate cancer by 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody against prostatic acid phosphatase.

Purified human prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) was used to generate a specific monoclonal antibody (FC 3001) for detection of PAP expressed by some prostatic carcinomas. DTPA derivatives of MoAb-F(ab')2-fragments were labeled with indium-111 chloride. This labeled antibody was tested in 15 prostate cancer patients who underwent staging pelvic lymphadenectomy; 9 of them received labeled antibody alone whereas 6 received simultaneous injections of labeled and unlabeled antibody with two dose levels (40 or 80 mg). Biodistribution data obtained by direct blood measurements and imaging procedures indicated that simultaneous injection of unlabeled antibody reduced both the blood elimination rate and the accumulation in the liver. Accumulation of the radionuclide in pelvic lymph node metastases was observed in some patients but in a couple of patients accumulation was noted also in normal lymph nodes. The method cannot in its present design replace staging pelvic lymphadenectomy and further studies are needed for elaboration of clinically useful radioimmunodetection methods.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-labeled monoclonal antibodies in a nude mouse ovarian cancer model.

Tumor stroma contains much fibrin, and so monoclonal antifibrin antibody can accumulate in tumors. We treated nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma xenografts with 90Y-labeled monoclonal antifibrin antibody Fab fragments administered intratumorally. The survival time vs. a control group was significantly prolonged and tumor growth rate was decreased. Another group of animals was treated with 90Y-labeled OC 125-monoclonal antibody; these mice received the antibodies intratumorally, intraperitoneally or intravenously. The survival time was longest in the intratumorally treated group. There was no significant difference in survival between 90Y-labeled OC 125 and antifibrin in the intratumorally treated animal groups. The tissue activity distribution studies revealed that bone marrow is the critical organ. Intratumorally injected monoclonal 90Y-antifibrin antibodies were retained at least 36 h (up to 50% of injected activity per gram tumor tissue) in the xenograft after one treatment, causing cell death. Beta-camera imaging and immunohistochemistry were performed for studies of the correlation between 90Y activity and fibrin distribution in tumor specimens. These results were in concordance. In conclusion, intratumoral administration seems suitable for radioimmunotherapy, with an antibody that targets stromal structures. The accumulation can be successfully monitored by a beta-camera.

Animals↗