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Biomedical subjects

K Kamisaka

Publications and source records attributed to K Kamisaka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel is present in guinea-pig but lacking in rat hepatocytes.

The mechanisms of norepinephrine-induced membrane responses in isolated hepatocytes from guinea-pigs and rats were compared using the suction-pipette, patch-clamp method, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured using the Ca2+ fluorescent dye, Quin 2. The resting membrane potentials of isolated guinea-pig hepatocytes were -50 +/- 1 mV (mean +/- SD; n = 38), which is similar to that previously reported in rat hepatocytes by Sawanobori et al. (J Cell Physiol 139: 580-585, 1989). In guinea-pig hepatocytes, norepinephrine (6 microM) caused a membrane hyperpolarization, and norepinephrine (6 microM) or Ca(2+)-ionophore (A23187) (0.4 microM) caused a corresponding outward current. The sensitive current produced by norepinephrine and Ca(2+)-ionophore reversed its polarity at -74 +/- 9 mV (n = 7). The single channel recorded by cell-attached patch and inside-out patch had mean conductance of around 20 + 1 pS and was activated by 1 microM [Ca2+]i. On the other hand, neither norepinephrine (6-20 microM) nor Ca(2+)-ionophore (A 23187) (0.4 microM) caused any change in membrane potential and current in rat hepatocytes, whereas norepinephrine increased [Ca2+]i both in rat and guinea-pig hepatocytes to a similar degree. In the single-channel recording, we recorded single channels that had a mean conductance of 109.8 +/- 17.7 pS different from around 20 pS in guinea-pig. In inside-out patches, increased Ca2+ concentration from 10(-6) to 10(-3) M at the intracellular face of the membrane did not modify the single channel of rat hepatocytes. These results indicate that increased [Ca2+]i activates this channel in guinea-pigs, but that the channel activated by increased [Ca2+]i is lacking in rat hepatocytes membrane. Therefore, different mechanism operates in different species of liver cells to keep the constant state.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis complicated with aplastic anemia, treated with surgical resection and postoperative sparfloxacin].

A few weeks after treatment with INH, RFP and SM, severe aplastic anemia developed in a 49-year-old man with pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis due to M. kansasii. All drugs were discontinued immediately after bone marrow examination revealed severely hypoplastic marrow, but pancytopenia continued for several months. Although M. kansasii was sensitive to other drugs including CS and TH, these two drugs were also discontinued because of their respective psychiatric and hepatic adverse effects. Ofloxacin (OFLX), to which M. kansasii was sensitive, was administered without clinical improvement and complete resistance to OFLX developed after several months treatment. Right upper and middle lobectomy and S6 partial lobectomy was performed, and postoperative sparfloxacin (SPFX) administration resulted in cure of the disease. Drug sensitivity testing revealed that the organism had acquired resistance to OFLX, but was still sensitive to SPFX. Thus, SPFX appears to be an useful drug for the treatment of atypical mycobacteriosis.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1992

[A case of occupational asthma caused by arrowhead scale in mandarin orange-worker].

A 50-year-old woman with occupational asthma, whose attacks were provoked by inhalation of Arrowhead scale (Unapsis Yanonensis Kuwana) attached to the leaves of mandarin oranges is reported. She experienced asthmatic attacks while picking leaves and harvesting mandarin oranges. Because Arrowhead scale-dust stuck to the leaves was suspected to be the allergen, tests of allergy were performed using an extract of the allergen prepared by Unger's method in our laboratory. Asthmatic attack was provoked 90 minutes after inhalation of the extract of cocoon. Histamine was not released, but leukotriene D4 production was induced by the addition of the extract to whole blood. Basophils were activated by addition of anti-IgG anti-sera as well as the extract. These data indicate that LT released from target cells in response to the worm elements, as well as histamine, is important as a chemical mediator.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1991

A family of familial hypercholesterolemia with cerebral infarction and without coronary heart disease. An unusual case with corneal opacity, polyneuropathy and carpal tunnel syndrome in the family: therapy with probucol and tocopherol nicotinate.

A study is presented of a 48-year-old female patient and her three siblings with familial hypercholesterolemia. The family members had episodes of cerebral infarction and apparently had atherosclerosis of the internal carotid artery, but no coronary heart disease due to their almost normal level of cholesterol. The laboratory studies of the family members revealed the elevations of serum lipid peroxides, serum lipoprotein(a), leukotriene C4 in blood, the thromboxane B2/6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha ratio in plasma and serum hydroxyl radical. Therefore, it is suspected that these factors accelerating atherosclerotic process caused the cerebral infarction. The patient demonstrated corneal opacities, palpebral xanthomas, thickened Achilles tendons, polyneuropathy and the carpal tunnel syndrome. Laboratory studies revealed an elevation in the OKT4/8 ratio, monocyte dysfunction with respect to phagocytosis and chemotaxis, and the presence of the 46XX/45XO mosaic chromosome. Lipid deposits were observed in the Achilles tendon, the transverse carpal ligament, the Schwann's cells and axons of the sural nerve, and in the keratocytes and stroma of the cornea. Following the administration of tocopherol nicotinate and probucol, the patient's serum lipid peroxide normalized and there was improvement in her palpebral xanthomas, thickening of the Achilles tendons and polyneuropathy. We conclude that the lipid deposits in this patient were due to the abnormal oxidative metabolism of low-density lipoprotein and a disturbance of the scavenger pathway due to the monocyte dysfunction.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1991

Organic anion transport study in mutant rats with autosomal recessive conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

The EHBR is a mutant rat strain with congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia bred from a Sprague-Dawley rat. Transport of conjugated bilirubin, indocyanine green, and tetrabromosulfophtalein from liver to bile is severely impaired in these rats. Serum bilirubin amounts to 6.0 +/- 0.05 mg/dl (n = 4) in adult rats, with 97% conjugates. The bile flow is reduced to about 65% of the control group, whereas total bile acid in 10-min bile samples is similar. Liver histology of 10 week-old rats revealed neither intracellular pigmentation nor architectural abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[In vitro activities of newly developed quinolones, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin and sparfloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

In vitro antituberculous activities of three newly developed quinolones, fleroxacin (FLRX, AM-833), lomefloxacin (LFLX) and sparfloxacin (SPFX, AT-4140) were evaluated in comparison to that of ofloxacin (OFLX) using M. tuberculosis strains isolated from patients and the Ogawa egg medium. SPFX was apparently more active than OFLX, but both FLRX and LFLX were less active. SPFX inhibited completely the growth of all 20 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients who were not previously treated with OFLX in a concentration of 1.25 micrograms/ml. However, this agent inhibited the growth of only 4 strains (28.6%) of 14 OFLX-resistant M. tuberculosis in a concentration of 1.25 micrograms/ml, suggesting a partial cross-resistance between SPFX and OFLX.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1990

Degradation and metabolism of indocyanine green: high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis.

Degradation of indocyanine green solution by exposure to light was studied by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Indocyanine green in an aqueous medium exposed to light changed rapidly into an unknown product. The plasma clearance rate and the biliary excretion rate of the unknown product were much slower than those of indocyanine green. Spectrophotometric scan revealed that the unknown product had almost the same absorption spectrum as indocyanine green. Therefore, if degraded indocyanine green solution were to be used in a liver function test, the clearance of indocyanine green assayed by spectrophotometry would apparently be much lower than that of undegraded indocyanine green. According to fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, the molecular weight of the unknown product was 723, whereas that of indocyanine green was 775. The analysis of rat bile after injection of indocyanine green by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed that about 1% of the administered indocyanine green was metabolized in the rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Electrophysiological properties of isolated rat liver cells.

The electrophysiological properties of isolated rat liver cells were studied using the patch clamp method in whole-cell configuration. The membrane potential in isolated hepatocytes was -42 +/- 7 mV (n = 20). The input resistance (Rin) and the time constant (tau m) were 51 +/- 17 M (the range of 34 to 180 M omega) (n = 20) and 4.2 +/- 1.0 msec (the range of 3 to 16.5 ms) (n = 20). Assuming that the specific membrane capacitance is 1 microF/cm2, the membrane resistance and membrane capacitance were 42. +/- 9.0 K omega cm2 and 87 +/- 27 pF. These values indicate that isolated rat hepatocytes are not abnormally permeable or leaky. The current-voltage relationship was linear with no rectification. The depolarizing pulse from the resting potential did not induce fast or slow inward currents even when norepinephrine or high Ca2 (3.6 mM) were applied. This indicates that there is no voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel in the isolated hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Gel-filtration of serum gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase with HPLC in hepatobiliary diseases and its significance.

Serum gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) from patients with various hepatobiliary diseases was fractionated by molecular size using HPLC to investigate the heterogeneity of serum gamma-GTP. Serum gamma-GTP eluted with HPLC showed essentially 3 elution peaks of different molecular size. In the sera of normal patients, there was little gamma-GTP in the high molecular fraction, and most occurred in the low molecular fraction. Intermediate molecular gamma-GTP appeared only in the sera of patients with hepatobiliary disease. In the sera of patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, the percentage of high molecular gamma-GTP to total serum gamma-GTP activity was higher than that of other patients. High molecular gamma-GTP increased in the sera of patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Intermediate molecular gamma-GTP appeared in the relatively higher molecular fraction in the sera of patients in whom alcohol consumption might have caused serum gamma-GTP increase, and in the relatively lower molecular fraction in the sera of patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. It was concluded, therefore, that the position of elution of intermediate molecular gamma-GTP corresponded to the morbid state. It was shown that intermediate molecular gamma-GTP appeared in the relatively low molecular fraction, corresponding to the increase of serum total bile acids concentration.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1986

[Concentrations of cefmenoxime and cefotiam in the bile and gallbladder tissue following intravenous administration in patients with biliary tract diseases].

To test the effectiveness of cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefotiam (CTM) in patients with biliary tract diseases, concentrations of either antibiotic were measured after an intravenous bolus injection of 1.0 g of CMX or CTM, or simultaneous injection of both (1.0 g each). CMX or CTM was injected in 76 patients with biliary tract diseases (mostly cholelithiasis) prior to a cholecystectomy and concentrations of CMX or CTM were measured by the bioassay (agar well) method at 30 to 60 minutes after the injection. Average concentrations of both CMX and CTM in gallbladder bile and gallbladder tissue sufficiently exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against main causative organisms of biliary tract infections. Concentrations of both antibiotics in gallbladder bile were significantly higher in patients with patent cystic ducts than with obstructed cystic ducts. Concentrations of both antibiotics in the gallbladder tissue reached at a similar high level regardless of the patency of the cystic ducts, but concentrations were lower in severely inflamed gallbladders. CMX and CTM were administered alternatively (cross-over fashion), or simultaneously (combined) to 13 patients with T-tube drainage or percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage, and concentrations of both antibiotics in bile from the drainage tube were measured by high performance liquid chromatography at hourly intervals after the injection. Concentrations of both antibiotics were far greater than MICs against main attributable microorganisms in biliary tract infections. The concentration of CMX slightly exceeded that of CTM. Concentrations of both antibiotics were lower in bile of patients showing abnormally high serum GTP, A1-P, and total bilirubin levels than in bile of patients with normal values of these variables. It is speculated that the secretion of both antibiotics in the bile may decrease in cases with severe hepatic failure, but effective concentrations of both antibiotics in the gallbladder tissue should be maintained as long as the blood circulation in the gallbladder was maintained.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Study of bilirubin metabolism by high-performance liquid chromatography: stability of bilirubin glucuronides.

The stabilities of bilirubin (BR) glucuronide, monoglucuronide (BMG), and diglucuronide (BDG) were studied under various conditions by HPLC. In aqueous media, BMG showed a pronounced lability and was easily transformed into equimolar BDG and BR. It was proved by direct analysis of tetrapyrrole isomers that BDG and BR were formed from dipyrrole exchange of BMG molecules. All reducing agents examined (sodium ascorbate, cysteine, GSH, dithiothreitol, NADH, and NADPH) suppressed the transformation of BMG into BDG and BR. Bovine serum albumin and rat liver cytosol fractions also stabilized BMG strongly. BDG was fairly stable in aqueous media as compared with BMG. When BMG was incubated both with and without liver plasma membranes (N2 fraction) from Wistar rats, the formation rates of BDG and BR in both incubation mixtures were exactly the same. The composition of BDG and BR isomers was the same in both mixtures. Also, heat denaturation of the plasma membranes did not affect formation rates. Moreover, the reaction was completely inhibited by sodium ascorbate. These findings indicate that rat liver plasma membranes have no enzyme activity for BDG formation from BMG.

Animals↗