Biomedical subjects

K Kaneda

Publications and source records attributed to K Kaneda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Comparison of the type-2 insulin-like growth factor receptor in normal osteoblasts and osteosarcoma-derived osteoblast-like cells.

Insulin-like growth factor-II is known to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in part through activation of the type-2 insulin-like growth factor receptor. The present study examined the type-2 insulin-like growth factor receptors of three normal osteoblast-like cells and three osteosarcoma-derived osteoblast-like cells (OGA, SU, and IMAI) from humans. [125I]insulin-like growth factor-II was used for the binding studies. All of the cell types had high affinity binding sites for insulin-like growth factor-II (dissociation constants [Kd] < or = 1 nM). The concentration of these sites was 10 to 24-fold higher in normal osteoblasts than in the osteosarcoma cells studied. Unlabeled insulin-like growth factor-II inhibited the binding of [125I]insulin-like growth factor-II to the cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, unlabeled insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin were less effective. Covalent crosslinking of insulin-like growth factor-II binding sites gave molecular mass estimates of M(r) 250,000 in human osteoblast cells, 250,000 and 130,000 in OGA cells, 240,000 in SU cells, and 250,000 and 130,000 in IMAI cells. Unlabeled insulin-like growth factor-II inhibited all affinity labeling. In Northern blot analysis, the type-2 insulin-like growth factor receptor mRNA of normal osteoblasts was seen in greater abundance than it was in osteosarcoma cells. These results indicate that the numbers of type-2 insulin-like growth factor receptors differ between normal and transformed osteoblasts and that the differential expression of the receptor may be due to the differentiation of osteoblasts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Vascularized fibular graft for bone reconstruction of the extremities after tumor resection in limb-saving procedures.

We treated 18 patients (8 males and 10 females) with bone or soft tissue tumors in the extremities by vascularized fibular grafts (VFGs). The average age was 29 years. Two had malignant soft tissue tumors in the forearm (angiosarcoma and synovial sarcoma) and the other 16 had bone tumors [osteosarcoma (8), chondrosarcoma (3), angiosarcoma (1), adamantinoma (1), and giant cell tumor (3)]. Affected sites of the bone tumor cases were tibia (5), femur (5), humerus (3), radius (2), and ulna (1). According to the surgical staging system of Enneking et al. 1 patient was in stage III, 12 in IIB, 2 in IB, and 3 in IA. The surgical margin was curative in 5 patients, wide in 9, marginal in 2, and intralesional in 2. One patient died due to lung metastasis although bone union was obtained by the VFGs. Functional results of the bone reconstruction in the remaining 17 patients were evaluated according to the modified scale of Enneking et al. The VFGs resulted in substantial bone unions in all patients except 1. Bone unions in all 17 patients occurred in less than 10 months. Overall clinical results were satisfactory. Based on a 30-point scale overall clinical results ranged from 10 to 30 points with an average of 21 points. Functional evaluation in the upper extremity were, generally, superior to those in the lower extremity. Postoperative complications were 5 metastases (4 in the lung and 1 in the mediastinum) in 4 patients, 1 recurrence, and 2 fractures after obtaining bone union. One patient died from metastasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Electromyographic analysis of four techniques for isometric trunk muscle exercises.

Posture to avoid hyperextension of the lumbar spine during isometric trunk muscle exercises has been widely recommended. However, there are no common standards for cervical and pelvic alignment during exercises. To investigate the effects of four different techniques regarding cervical and pelvic alignment, electromyographic (EMG) and radiological studies were performed on 30 healthy subjects. The four different postures were: (1) maximally extended neck, (2) neutral neck, (3) maximally flexed neck, and (4) maximally flexed neck with pelvic stabilization through muscle contraction. During flexion exercises, the largest increase in EMG activity in the abdominal muscles was observed with the flexed neck with pelvic stabilization (p < .01). During extensor exercises, the largest increase in EMG activity in the erector spinae was also obtained in the same position (p < .01). An increase of EMG activity in antagonist muscles (eg, erector spinae on flexion, and rectus and oblique muscles on extension) was also greatest with the flexed neck and pelvic stabilization. From the radiographic study, degrees of lumbar lordosis were least with the flexed neck and pelvic stabilization (p < .01). This study showed that neck and pelvic alignment can influence the EMG activity of trunk flexors and extensors during isometric trunk exercises. For isometric trunk muscle exercises, a maximum flexed neck with pelvic stabilization through muscle contraction seems to be the most optimal posture for decreasing the lumbar lordosis and for activating trunk flexors and extensors most effectively.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1995

Concentric and eccentric strength of trunk muscles: influence of test postures on strength and characteristics of patients with chronic low-back pain.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of test postures on trunk muscle strength, and to clarify the difference between concentric and eccentric strength of healthy subjects and patients with chronic low-back pain (CLBP). Volunteered and controlled trials took place at a university hospital, which is a referral center and is also open to the general community. The patients were selected from the outpatient care in the university hospital. Fifty healthy subjects (25 men and 25 women; average age 25.7 years, ranging from 23 to 34 years) and 48 patients with CLBP (26 men and 22 women; average age 33.5 years, ranging from 26 to 39 years) volunteered for this study. The main outcome measures were flexor and extensor peak torque/body weight, and flexor/extensor peak torque ratio during concentric and eccentric contractions; Eccentric/concentric peak torque ratio in flexor and extensor. Trunk-muscle strength was significantly greater in the sitting posture when measured with the subjects' feet against the floor (p < .05). Some patients complained of a slight low-back pain during testing, although the pain was not aggravated in any patients. In both concentric and eccentric contraction modes, the patients with CLBP had greater flexor/extensor ratios than the healthy subjects (p < .01). This implies that extensors are more affected in these patients. However, a great imbalance between concentric and eccentric strength of the patients was found, not only in extensors, but also in flexors (p < .01). The current study shows that one should consider the test posture carefully when measuring trunk-muscle strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Kinesiologic analysis of dynamic side-shift in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of the patients with idiopathic scoliosis to transfer the body weight in the frontal plane. DESIGN: Randomized and controlled study. SETTING: A referral center and institutional practice and outpatient care. SUBJECTS: Fifty patients with idiopathic scoliosis (three men and forty-seven women; average age 15.3 years) and 15 normal women (average age 17.3 years) participated in this study. Thirty patients were treated with underarm braces. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Computer-assisted force plates were used to evaluate the laterally shifted weight and the time period during side-shift on sitting. RESULTS: During both slow and fast side-shifts, shifted weight in the patients with idiopathic scoliosis was significantly less than in the normal controls (p < 0.05). The shifted weight was less on the concave side than on the convex one. The time for the shift to the concave side was longer in the patients than in the normal controls (p < 0.05). The brace was effective in correcting the imbalance of shifted weight in the patients with idiopathic scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated the different patterns of weight side-shift between normal subjects and patients with idiopathic scoliosis. The patients transferred less weight laterally than the normal subjects during slow and fast random movements. The patients also showed slower side-shift patterns than the normal subjects during the fast random movement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Lumbosacral fracture-subluxation associated with bilateral fractures of the first sacral pedicles: a case report and review of the literature.

A case of an unusual lumbosacral fracture-subluxation associated with bilateral fractures of the first sacral pedicles is described. The authors are aware of only one reported case in the literature. A 58-year-old man was involved in an accident during which his trunk was severely twisted toward the left and flexed. He also demonstrated L5 and S1 radiculopathies. He was successfully treated with surgical decompression of the L5 and S1 nerve roots with bilateral foraminotomies, followed by posterolateral arthrodesis at the lumbosacral junction using a transpedicular screw system that extended fixation into the ilia.

Bone Screws↗

PubMed1995

Distribution of C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-unit-containing mycolic acid homologues in mycobacteria.

There are three mycolic acid homologues with C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-units in Mycobacterium. In order to reveal the composition and distribution of these homologues in each subclass and molecular species of mycolic acids and to compare them with the composition of constitutive non-polar fatty acids (free and bound forms), we have separated non-polar fatty acids and each subclass of mycolic acids from 21 mycobacterial species by thin-layer chromatography, and analyzed non-polar fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatography (GC) and the cleavage products of methyl mycolate by pyrolysis GC. We further performed mass chromatographic analysis of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives of mycolic acid methyl esters by monitoring [B-29]+ ions (loss of CHO from the alpha-branched-chain structure of mycolic acids) of m/z 426, 454 and 482 which are attributed to C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-units of TMS ether derivatives of methyl mycolates, respectively, (Kaneda, K. et al, J. Clin. Microbiol. 24: 1060-1070, 1986). By pyrolysis GC, C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0 fatty acid methyl esters generated by the C2-C3 cleavage of C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-unit-containing mycolic acid methyl esters, respectively, were detected. Their proportion was almost the same among subclasses of mycolic acids in every Mycobacterium and also similar to the proportion of constitutive non-polar C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0 fatty acids. By mass chromatography, the composition and distribution of C22- and C24-alpha-unit-containing homologues were revealed to be similar between alpha- and alpha'-mycolic acids in every Mycobacterium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗

PubMed1995

The ultrastructure, kinetics and intralobular distribution of apoptotic hepatocytes after portal branch ligation with special reference to their relationship to necrotic hepatocytes.

Apoptosis was originally defined as shrinkage necrosis, as a distinct mode of cellular death from coagulative necrosis in the rat liver lobes after portal branch ligation. To reveal the functional role of the apoptosis of hepatocytes in the volume reduction and recovery of normal hepatic architecture in portal-deprived liver lobes, we ligated the portal vein branch supplying the left and median liver lobes in Wistar rats. The liver lobes were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde solution via the proximal site of the ligated portion of the portal vein on Days 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 after operation and examined light and electron microscopically. On Day 2 after ligation, massive necrosis of hepatocytes occurred in the central to intermediate zones of the liver lobule, and apoptotic hepatocytes were observed in the boundary region between necrotic and normal areas. Such necrotic area-associated apoptosis of hepatocytes was most frequent on Day 2, declining thereafter. The sequential changes of the cell organelles in apoptotic hepatocytes were distinct from those in necrotic hepatocytes. On Day 7, when necrotic areas had almost disappeared the apoptosis of hepatocytes occurred mostly between intact hepatocytes in the "combined hepatic cell cords" which included no obvious sinusoidal lumen between hepatic cell cords. Such necrotic area-nonassociated apoptosis began to increase in frequency on Day 4, reached a peak on Day 7 and was gone by Day 14, when normal hepatic architecture was recovered. The present study suggests that both necrotic area-associated and non-associated apoptosis of hepatocytes may be induced by mild ischemia and contribute in part to the volume reduction of ligated liver lobes. It further reveals that the necrotic area-non-associated apoptosis of hepatocytes plays a role in reconstructing the architecture of hepatic cell cords after necrotic hepatocytes have undergone dissolution in the liver lobule.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

CJ-12,371 and CJ-12,372, two novel DNA gyrase inhibitors. Fermentation,isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities.

A fermentation broth of an unidentified fungus (N983-46) was found to produce DNA gyrase inhibitors, CJ-12,371 (1) and CJ-12,372 (2). Following isolation by solvent extraction and silica gel and ODS (reverse phase) chromatographies, the structures were determined to be novel spiro-ketal compounds with S-configuration at position C-1. CJ-12,371 and CJ-12,372 inhibit both DNA supercoiling and relaxation mediated by Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. The interaction of these compounds with DNA gyrase appears to be novel in that the compounds inhibit supercoiling and relaxation without blocking religation; thus, no cleavage intermediate of double strand DNA is observed. Both compounds have antibacterial activity against several species of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs between 25 and 100 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that the antibacterial potency of CJ-12,371 and CJ-12,372 is attributed to the inhibition of DNA gyrase. However, the compounds did not inhibit DNA gyrase selectively, as they also inhibited eukaryotic topoisomerase II-mediated relaxation. Semi-synthetic modifications to the dihydroxy motif in CJ-12,371 altered both gyrase- and topoisomerase II-inhibitory activities, but did not enhance selectivity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1994

Conditioned media of glial cell lines induce alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured artery endothelial cells. Identification of interleukin-6 as an induction factor.

Conditioned media of human glial cell lines induced alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured calf artery endothelial cells. The maximal alkaline phosphatase activity in the culture was comparable to the level in isolated brain capillary endothelial cells. An induction factor in the conditioned media was purified and identified as interleukin-6 from its amino-terminal sequence, molecular weight, amino acid composition and immunoreactivity. Recombinant interleukin-6 had similar induction activity. Our findings raise the possibility that interleukin-6 induces and modulates alkaline phosphatase activity in endothelial cells during normal development of the blood-brain barrier and under certain pathological conditions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1994

Morphometric analysis of infiltrating cells that adhere to the sinusoidal wall and migrate into the space of disse in the orthotopically transplanted rat liver.

To reveal the kinetics of infiltrating cells in the hepatic parenchyma after the liver transplantation, we identified the cell type (macrophages, monocytes, agranular lymphocytes, large granular lymphocytes, and neutrophils) and localization on toluidine blue-stained sections of perfusion-fixed liver grafts in rejecting and tolerant combinations and performed quantitative analysis of the density of each cell species infiltrating inside and outside the sinusoid at days 4 and 7. The number of total infiltrating cells per unit square became 9 times as high as that of an untreated liver at day 4 and 30 times as high at day 7. Macrophages accounted for a large part of the infiltrating cells both in and around the sinusoid: 72% of intrasinusoidal infiltrating cells and 88% of extrasinusoidal ones at day 4; 73% of intrasinusoidal ones and 93% of extrasinusoidal ones at day 7. The ratio of extrasinusoidal cell to intrasinusoidal cell of macrophages was 9:91 at day 4 and 34:66 at day 7, much higher than ratios of other infiltrating cells. This fact means that macrophages show a marked tendency to migrate out of the sinusoid in the liver graft. The proportion of macrophages to total infiltrating cells dropped at day 4 and went up again at day 7, while that of monocytes showed a reverse pattern. Histologically, immature macrophages, possibly derived from recipient monocytes, coexisted with vacuolated donor macrophages in the sinusoid at day 4, but the latter cells were diminished at day 7. These data indicate that transformation of recipient monocytes into macrophages in the sinusoid and subsequent extrasinusoidal migration of newly formed macrophages occur soon after the cell influx into the liver graft begins at day 4. The present study has revealed that macrophages, especially those migrating into the space of Disse, will be closely related to the pathogenesis of the liver transplantation.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Administration of recombinant human interleukin-7 to mice induces the exportation of myeloid progenitor cells from the bone marrow to peripheral sites.

The administration of recombinant human interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) to mice twice a day for 7 days does not appreciably change bone marrow (BM) cellularity, but does result in a threefold to fivefold increase in the total number of leukocytes in the spleen, an eightfold to 10-fold increase in the total number of nonparenchymal cells (NPC) obtained from the liver, and up to a 20-fold increase in the total number of peripheral white blood cells (WBC). This regimen of rhIL-7 administration also causes a profound reduction in the total number of progenitors in the BM for both single-lineage colony-forming units-culture (CFU-c) (> 90%) and multilineage CFU-granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM) (> 99%) colonies. In contrast, mice treated with rhIL-7 exhibited increases in both CFU-c (20- to 40-fold, 20-fold, and 15- to 40-fold) and CFU-GEMM (8- to 10-fold, 30-fold, and 6- to 10-fold) cultured from the peripheral blood, spleen, and NPC, respectively. The increase in CFU in the NPC was accompanied by a fivefold increase in the number of MAC-1+ cells and a ninefold increase in the number of 8C5bright+ cells. Splenectomy of mice before the administration of rhIL-7 further increased the total number of WBC, NPC, and myeloid progenitors as compared with the rhIL-7-treated nonsplenectomized mice. Finally, selective depletion of the BM by intraperitoneal administration of 89Sr (98% reduction in BM cellularity and > 99% reduction in BM myeloid progenitors) abrogated the rhIL-7-induced increases in cellularity and myeloid progenitor number in the peripheral blood, spleen, and NPC. These results show that the changes in myelopoiesis observed after in vivo administration of rhIL-7 to mice result largely from the emigration of myeloid progenitors from the BM through the blood to the spleen, liver, and, possibly, other peripheral organs.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Quantitative analysis of rod-cored vesicles and dense granules of large granular lymphocytes in the liver, spleen, and peripheral blood of rats.

Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) comprise a natural defense system in the liver and exert an inhibitory effect on tumor cell metastasis. In order to demonstrate the maturation of LGL in the liver from the morphological aspect, we evaluated electron-microscopically the frequency of 0.2 micron vesicles (rod-cored and "empty" vesicles) and dense granules in LGL from the liver, spleen, and peripheral blood of the rat. Both of these cell organelles are characteristic to LGL and may relate to natural killer-mediated cytolysis. On the average, there were 12.7 of the 0.2 micron vesicles and 4.3 rod-cored vesicles (RCV) per cell section in the liver, 6.6 0.2 micron vesicles and 1.6 RCV in the spleen, and 8.6 0.2 micron vesicles and 0.9 RCV in the peripheral blood. The number of 0.2 micron vesicles per cell section ranged from 0 to 19 with the exception of a few higher instances. Therefore, LGL were divided into vesicle-rich (> 9 0.2 micron vesicles per cell section) and vesicle-poor (< 8 per cell section) populations. Hepatic LGL consisted mainly of a vesicle-rich population while splenic LGL consisted mainly of a vesicle-poor population, and peripheral blood contained equal proportions of both populations. In addition to diversity with regard to the number of 0.2 micron vesicles, LGL obtained from various organs also displayed heterogeneity in the number and size of dense granules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Low content of estrogen receptors in human giant cell tumors of bone.

We tried to identify estrogen receptors (ERs) in human giant cell tumors of bone. Samples from eight patients were used for biochemical and immunohistochemical studies using [125I]17 beta-estradiol and monoclonal antibody against the human ER. Estradiol binding sites were detected in seven cases out of eight. The dissociation constant of the higher affinity binding site was 0.5 nM. Nonlabeled 17 beta-estradiol and synthetic estrogen, diethyl-stilbestrol, inhibited the binding of labeled 17 beta-estradiol to the tumor cytosol, while dexamethasone did not inhibit the binding. Using a monoclonal antibody. Western blotting identified bands of M(r) 68,000 and 59,000. No ERs were observed in any case examined immunohistochemically. These results suggest that human giant cell tumors of bone have a low level of ERs that cannot be detected immunohistochemically.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Reconstruction of an iliac crest defect with a bioactive ceramic prosthesis.

Between June 1987 and December 1990, an iliac crest prosthesis made of bioactive apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass ceramic (A-W.GC) was used in 60 patients for the reconstruction of the iliac crest defect after harvesting autogenous tricortical iliac bone graft. The clinical results of this prosthesis were satisfactory. No patients felt spontaneous pain in the reconstructed area, and 93% of the patients had no tenderness there. In the radiological evaluation at the final follow-up, no apparent "radiolucent clear zone" was detected at the prosthesis-iliac bone junction in 98% of the patients. Excellent new bone formation between the prosthesis and the iliac crest was also noticed in 96% of the patients. The A-W.GC iliac crest prosthesis was beneficial for reconstruction of the iliac crest defect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Extensive subcutaneous calcification of the forearm in systemic lupus erythematosus.

We report two cases with long-standing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed widespread calcification in subcutaneous tissue and peri-articular structures. To our knowledge only 26 case reports have appeared concerning this abnormality in SLE. However, there has been no report of calcification in an SLE patient in the literature of orthopaedic surgery. The calcifications of the forearm were marginally removed because of pain surrounding them. X-ray analysis revealed that the calcification was made of pure calcium phosphate.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Monitoring the evolution of intramedullary lesions in cervical spinal cord injury. Qualitative and quantitative analysis with sequential MR imaging.

The evolution of intramedullary lesions following an acute spinal cord injury was monitored with sequential magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Seven patients who had sustained cervical spinal cord injuries were followed up from the acute to the chronic phase of the cord injury. MR images were evaluated not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. All intramedullary lesions were quantitatively analysed by T2 values. In the qualitative analysis, the regions with hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and isointensity on T1-weighted images were consistent with the region of simple oedema or gliosis. The former gradually disappeared after the acute phase, whereas the latter remained until the chronic phase. The regions with hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and hypointensity on T1-weighted images may represent cysts filled with necrotic tissue or clear fluid, or necrosis. The evolution of these lesions was also able to be monitored quantitatively by T2 values.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Post-tetanic count and single twitch height at the onset of reflex movement after administration of vecuronium under different types of anaesthesia.

We have studied post-tetanic count (PTC) and single twitch height at the onset of reflex movement to carinal stimulation after administration of vecuronium with five different types of anaesthesia. Seventy-five adult patients were allocated randomly to five groups of 15 patients each, to receive one of the following anaesthetics: neuroleptanaesthesia (fentanyl and droperidol) or 1 MAC of either halothane, isoflurane, enflurane or sevoflurane with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. During spontaneous recovery from vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block, the carina was stimulated with a suction catheter every 150 s. Single twitch heights at the onset of reflex movement were similar (2.0-2.7% of control values) between the five groups. In contrast, PTC at the onset of reflex movement to carinal stimulation differed (7.4-17.0) between groups.

Adult↗