Neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to sulpiride.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kashihara
Publications and source records attributed to K Kashihara.
Effective preoperative irradiation of highly vascular cerebellopontine angle neurinomas.
Three cases of large cerebellopontine angle neurinoma with marked vascularity and tumor staining on the angiogram were treated with effective preoperative irradiation. The radiotherapy was given before the second operation in two cases and before the first operation in the other case. Irradiation doses administered with a linear accelerator were 2.34 to 3.0 Gy for 3 to 3.5 weeks, and radical operations were done 1.5 to 2 months after irradiation. After the irradiation, vertebral angiography showed moderate to marked decrease of the hypervascular capsular stain and disappearance of the early draining vein. Computed tomographic scan showed enlargement of the central necrotic area within the heterogeneously enhanced tumor, which was unchanged in size. Radical operations, which had been impossible because of uncontrollable massive bleeding, were successful without any intraoperative bleeding after radiotherapy. Postirradiation radiological findings corresponded well with those of histopathological examination, which showed decrease in cellularity and in vascularity and diffuse coagulation necrosis around the collapsed tumoral vessels as radiation effects. Preoperative irradiation of the hypervascular neurinoma was though to facilitate radical surgery by abolishing or diminishing the risk of intraoperative bleeding.
Adult↗
[Prospective clinical study of twice-a-day fractionation radiotherapy in head and neck cancer].
Twenty-one patients of laryngeal cancer (T2, T3) were treated with Twice-A-Day fractionation radiotherapy (TADF) between April, 1986 and December, 1987. Tumor control and mucosal reaction were evaluated to compare with effects between TADF and Conventional fractionation radiotherapy (CF). Methods of TADF were 1.2-1.5 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day with a minimum interval of 6 Hr., 5 days a week and 66-72 Gy for total dose. In CF, they were 1.8-2.0 Gy per fraction, one fraction per day, 5 days a week and 60-70 Gy for total dose. Complete response dose were 57 Gy in average for TADF and 47 Gy for CF. There was no significant difference. Early mucosal reaction was observed slightly severe in TADF than in CF. But, there was no significant difference among them. Split time was neened 10 days in average for TADF and 7 days for CF. There was no elongation of overall time in TADF. Follow-up time was too short to discuss about late reaction. But there were no serious complications among the patients with 2 years follow-up. These data suggested that radiotherapy of TADF was effective and should be clinically studied furthermore.
Adult↗
Cold-induced dysaesthesia in acute idiopathic polyneuritis.
Two cases are reported of cold-induced dysaesthesia occurring during an attack of acute idiopathic polyneuritis. Two similar cases found in the literature are reviewed. It is suggested that the dysaesthesia may be a localized symptom of cold sensitivity, with an initiating trigger in common with acute idiopathic polyneuritis.
Adolescent↗
Haloperidol prevents the methamphetamine-induced apomorphine subsensitivity of dopamine metabolism in rat striatum.
Our previous experiment showed that the sensitivity of striatal dopaminergic metabolism to apomorphine was lowered after pretreating rats with methamphetamine. This study further demonstrated that haloperidol administered with methamphetamine prevented the effect of the methamphetamine pretreatment. Since gamma-butyrolactone was administered in combination with apomorphine so as to remove complications which might arise from the modification of impulse flow through the striatonigral feedback loop, it is possible that the observed effect of apomorphine upon striatal dopaminergic metabolism and its antagonism with haloperidol may be mediated by autoreceptors of dopaminergic axon terminals in rat striatum.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Effectivity of zotepine in refractory psychoses: possible relationship between zotepine and non-dopamine psychosis.
We reported the results of a survey of patients who suffered from schizophrenia with predominate hallucinatory and delusional states, and who had been unresponsive to a variety of antipsychotics like haloperidol but responded more favorably to zotepine. In 10 of the 22 zotepine-responsive patients in this study, there was marked improvement with zotepine. Considering the results from previous drug treatment, the phenothiazines (especially levomepromazine) surpassed the butyrophenones in efficacy, suggesting that zotepine might resemble levomepromazine clinically. After administration of zotepine, cenesthesic hallucination, behavior caused by hallucination, egorrhoe, affective symptoms, and catatonic symptoms were markedly improved. However, insight into disease and negative symptoms were minimally improved after administration of zotepine. Zotepine was effective in the refractory psychoses due to its potent action on the delusional dynamics, in spite of producing little marked improvement in such main symptoms as hallucination and delusion. The authors speculate that zotepine's potent activity at serotonin-1 receptors may lead to a beneficial effect in refractory psychoses, just as in the case of its antimanic effect.
Adolescent↗
Raeder's syndrome associated with intracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm.
Raeder's syndrome consists of oculosympathetic paresis and ipsilateral facial pain, with variable involvement of the trigeminal and oculomotor nerves. A 63-year-old woman experienced severe facial pain, a partial Horner's syndrome, and restriction of ocular movements on the left side. A left carotid angiogram disclosed a giant aneurysm of the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery. This is the third reported case of Raeder's syndrome due to aneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery. Her facial pain was relieved by carotid ligation, and serial computed tomographic scans showed decrease of aneurysmal size.
Carotid Artery, Internal↗
[A case of granulomatous angiitis of the peripheral nervous system].
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Female↗
[An outbreak of Guillain-Barré syndrome with ophthalmoplegia in Kochi].
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Adolescent↗
Effects of intermittent and continuous haloperidol administration on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain.
The after-effect of intermittent and of continuous treatment with haloperidol on the dopaminergic system of the rat brain was studied. Each rat was treated for 14 days with either a single daily intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol (intermittent haloperidol group) or with a subcutaneously implanted pump that released haloperidol for 14 days (continuous haloperidol group). The total amount of haloperidol administered was 28 mg/kg in each animal of both groups. On the seventh day after cessation of injections or removal of pumps, the changes in dopamine (DA) metabolism after a challenge dose of haloperidol (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were noted, and the number of [3H]spiperone binding sites in the striatum were recorded. The continuous haloperidol group showed a greater tolerance response to the influence of haloperidol on stimulation of DA turnover and also showed a larger increase in the number of [3H]spiperone binding sites than the intermittent haloperidol group. It is concluded that continuously administered haloperidol exerts a stronger effect on DA transmission, which in turn produces a greater tolerance to an acute dose of haloperidol than intermittent haloperidol administration.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Reduced apomorphine sensitivity of dopamine metabolism in rat striatum after repeated administration of methamphetamine.
Rats received daily injections of saline or methamphetamine (MAP; 4 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Seven days after the completion of this regime, dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were measured in the striatum following intraperitoneal injections of either saline plus gamma-butyrolactone (GBL; 750 mg/kg) or apomorphine (2 mg/kg) plus GBL. The saline plus GBL challenges produced no difference in the DA or DOPAC levels between saline- and MAP-treated rats. By contrast, the apomorphine plus GBL challenges produced higher DOPAC levels in MAP-treated rats than saline-treated rats, although they produced no difference in the DA levels between the two groups. These results indicate that apomorphine depresses the striatal DA metabolism less in MAP-treated rats than in saline-treated control rats. Repeated MAP administration might produce this effect through apomorphine subsensitivity of presynaptic DA autoreceptors.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Behavioral hypersensitivity to apomorphine after chronic methamphetamine--intermittent vs. continuous regimen.
The effects of chronic methamphetamine (MAP) on the behavioral response to apomorphine were examined in rats, treated with saline (control) or MAP for 14 days either intermittently (4 mg/kg/day, once daily) or continuously (subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps releasing 56 mg/kg/14 days). Following a 7-day interval after discontinuing the MAP treatment, a challenge dose (0.5 mg/kg) of apomorphine was administered. The rats treated with MAP intermittently showed a marked augmentation in behavioral response to apomorphine than the continuous MAP group and control. It is presumed that the intermittent MAP administration may produce greater reactivity in the brain dopaminergic systems than the continuous administration.
Animals↗
[Prognosis of ruptured cerebral aneurysms with retinal hemorrhage].
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Adolescent↗
Anorectal pressure monitoring during surgery on sacral lipomeningocele. Case report.
Intraoperative monitoring of anorectal pressure was used in a case of sacral lipomeningocele accompanied by congenital dermal sinus to protect the physiological function of the anorectal sphincters. This monitoring system consists of a manometric anorectal balloon and neural electrical stimulation. The system was able to differentiate functioning neural structures from surrounding tissues during the operation.
Anus Diseases↗
Effects of intermittent and continuous haloperidol administration on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain.
The effects of intermittent and continuous treatment with haloperidol (HPD) on dopamine turnover in the rat brain were studied. Each rat was treated with HPD for 14 days by either once daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg/day) (intermittent HPD group) or continuous infusion by a subcutaneously implanted pump which was adjusted to release 28 mg/kg of HPD over 14 days (continuous HPD group). Seven days after cessation of injections or removal of the pump, the regional changes in DA turnover following an acute dose of HPD (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were examined. The continuous HPD group showed more prominent tolerance to HPD effect of augmenting DA turnover than the intermittent HPD group. It is presumed that continuously administered HPD produces greater tolerance to the acute effect of HPD than intermittently administered HPD.
Animals↗
[Effect of haloperidol decanoate on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain].
The effect of haloperidol decanoate and haloperidol on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain was studied. Each rat was treated with either once daily ip injection of haloperidol (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks or a single sc injection of haloperidol decanoate followed by once daily ip injection of saline for 4 weeks. Three weeks after cessations of injections, the levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), were determined in the striatum, limbic area and frontal cortex 4 hours after a single ip injection of haloperidol (1 mg/kg). The haloperidol decanoate-treated rats showed lower levels of DOPAC and/or HVA than the rats of the other two groups. The DA level was higher only in the limbic area of the rats treated with haloperidol decanoate than that of the rats treated with saline. There was no difference of the levels of DA and its metabolites between the saline and haloperidol-treated rats. These results indicate that the haloperidol decanoate-treated rats developed a tolerance to an acute effect of haloperidol on stimulation of DA turnover in the three areas examined, while the haloperidol-treated rats developed no tolerance under these experimental conditions. A single sc injection of haloperidol decanoate to rat is expected to produce a long lasting blocking of the central DAergic system for at least 7 weeks. Such a property of this drug appears favourable for the maintenance therapy of schizophrenia.
Animals↗
Fenestration of the internal carotid artery.
Fenestration of the internal carotid artery is very rare. The authors describe two cases of fenestration at the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery that were revealed by angiography. The embryological basis and clinical significance of this anomalous condition are discussed.
Carotid Artery, Internal↗
Clinical and biochemical effects of calcium-hopantenate on neuroleptics-induced tardive dyskinesia.
Calcium-hopantenate (HOPA), a derivative of GABA, was administered to 9 psychiatric patients with neuroleptics-induced tardive dyskinesia. In a clinical study, involuntary movements have improved significantly after a 4-8-week medication. Although there was no correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of HOPA, GABA, HVA or clinical response, the CSF HOPA levels significantly correlated with changes in the CSF GABA levels. These results suggest that HOPA alleviates the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia being mediated by the central GABAergic mechanisms.
Adult↗