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K Katoch

Publications and source records attributed to K Katoch.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic studies on mycobacteria. V. A preliminary report on the ATP synthesis by mycobacteria including M. leprae by using different substrates.

By deletion and addition of various substrates in Sauton's and Dubos media, an experimental system has been standardised in which the role of various nutrients in the energy synthesis of mycobacteria can be determined. By using this system with cultivable mycobacteria it was observed that glycerol and asparagine are the important ingredients for ATP synthesis by mycobacteria. Glucose further enhanced the ATP synthesis and growth of these mycobacteria. In the media containing asparagine or glycerol, there was marginal increase in the ATP in the M. leprae suspensions initially but this was not sustained and there was no progressive increase in biomass or multiplication. When M. leprae was incubated in the media from which both these substrates were deleted, there was progressive decline in ATP levels right from the beginning. From these preliminary results, it appears that asparagine and glycerol may be useful as substrates for ATP synthesis by M. leprae and need to be investigated further. In depth studies are necessary to find out the factors which results in the inability of M. leprae to utilise these and other substrates in a substrained manner for its multiplication and growth in artificial media.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Follow up of BL/LL patients on a slightly modified WHO regimen of multidrug therapy.

56 lepromatous leprosy patients with an initial average BI of 4.45 were administered once a month 600 mg of Rifampicin, 100 mg of Clofazimine on alternate days and 100 mg of Dapsone daily. None of these patients became smear negative in 2 years, and the same regimen was continued further. Two patients have become negative in 3 years and treatment has been stopped in them. The study indicates that highly bacilliferous LL/BL patients are likely to need 3 years or more of MDT for achieving bacterial negativity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemotherapeutic trials with different regimens containing rifampicin in paucibacillary type of leprosy cases--a preliminary report.

Different regimens containing Rifampicin have been tried in treating paucibacillary leprosy patients. In our study we have studied three regimens. Regimen I consists of treating patients with Rifampicin 600 mg once a month for six months combined with Dapsone 100mg daily and treatment is stopped at six months. Regimen II is same as regimen I except that instead of stopping treatment at the end of six months the treatment was continued with dapsone 100 mg daily for another six months and treatment was stopped at one year. Regimen III is the same as recommended by I.A.L. in which treatment is started with Rifampicin 600 mg daily for seven days in the first month to be followed by Rifampicin 600 mg once a month for five more months. This is combined with dapsone 100mg daily for one year. Treatment in this group is also stopped at one year. Eighty one patients in Regimen I, thirty five patients in Regimen II and sixty three patients in Regimen III completed the six month treatment. It was found that the inactivation index in all the three regimens was nearly the same.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatoglyphics in leprosy (II Metric analysis of palms).

A group of 100 leprosy patients consisting of 50 lepromatous (BL/LL) and 50 tuberculoid (BT/TT) were investigated for metric analysis of the patterns present on their palms. Hundred normal persons were also selected from the families of patients to serve as controls. BT/TT patients and controls did not show any significant difference in their palmar patterns. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in the patterns between BL/LL patients and controls.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isoenzymes of mycobacteria. II. Relevance of LDH zymograms in taxonomy and identification.

The cell free extracts of mycobacteria namely M. kansasii M. avium, M. tuberculosis, BCG (Glaxo), M. gastri, M. phlei, M. smegmatis, M. vaccae, M. strain w., M. scrofulaceum, M. gordonae, M. nonchromogenicum E. coli, Staph, aureus, and M. leprae infected skin have been electrophoresed and stained for LDH activity. Normal skin tissue was also taken as control. It was found that all the organisms tested showed distinct species specific LDH isoenzyme patterns. There was no extra band but an aberrant zone of LDH activity was seen in M. leprae infected human skin in comparison to LDH isoenzymes from normal skin. No strain variations was found among the different strains of species investigated. Results described in the present paper indicate that LDH isoenzyme patterns of mycobacteria could be of identification value at species level.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chest infection due to M. fortuitum in a case of lepromatous leprosy--a case report.

Lepromatous leprosy cases may be immunocompromised due to the extensive disease and also because of steroid therapy for repeated reactions. Such patients are likely to be at higher risk for getting opportunistic infection due to various environmental microbes. This paper reports a case of lepromatous leprosy with repeated lepra reaction who was found to have chest infection due to M. fortuitum. It is suggested that mycobacterial culture and sensitivity should be recommended in cases who are immunocompromised and whose pathological specimens contain acid fast bacilli. Species identification and sensitivity can be very helpful in proper management of such cases who will otherwise pass off as tuberculosis.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
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Dermatoglyphics in leprosy (I. Finger patterns).

Finger dermatoglyphic patterns were studied in leprosy families selecting patients and controls from each family. A total of 100 leprosy cases (50 of TT/BT types and 50 of BL/LL types) and 100 control subjects were investigated. While a statistically significant association was noted with some finger patterns (loop ulnar, loop radial, loop twin and loop central pocket) in the lepromatous type, no such association was observed with the finger patterns in the tuberculoid type.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduction in CD1 positive epidermal Langerhans cell numbers in leprosy lesions following epicutaneous application of 2:4 dinitrochlorobenzene.

A study was made on Langerhans cells (LC) in the dermal lesions of leprosy after epicutaneous application of 2:4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to the lesion. LC were quantitated with OKT6 monoclonal antibody and indirect immunofluorescence. A depletion or reduction in the numbers of CD1+ epidermal LC was observed at both 4 and 24 hours after the application of DNCB in the lesions of both tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy, compared to untreated lesions.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on microbial aerobic flora of skin in leprosy patients.

This study reports the isolation and identification of aerobic organisms from biopsies/slit-skin smears/scrapings from 129 leprosy patients and 50 healthy controls. These include 56 paucibacillary (PB) and 73 multibacillary (MB) cases. Thirty-six isolates from the specimens from 21 patients and 15 healthy controls were grown. The non-mycobacterial isolates from clinically PB leprosy (TT/BT/I) patients were: (1) Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus(1), Staphylococcus albus(1); (b) Gram-positive bacilli: Bacillus subtilis(1), Corynebacterium xerosis(1); (c) Gram-negative bacilli: Escherichia coli(1), Proteus mirabilis(2), Klebsiella pneumoniae(1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(1). The isolates from clinically MB leprosy (BB/BL/LL) patients were: (a) Gram-positive cocci: Micrococci(1), Staphylococcus aureus(1) and Staphylococcus albus(1); (b) Gram-positive bacilli: Corynebacterium xerosis(1); Corynebacterium hofmanni(1) and Bacillus cereus(1). (c) Gram-negative bacilli: Escherichia coli(2), Klebsiella pneumoniae(1) and Proteus mirabilis(2). The specimens from healthy controls yielded similar organisms. These were (a) Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus albus(2), Staphylococcus aureus(2) and Micrococci(2); (b) Gram-positive bacilli: Corynebacterium xerosis(1), Bacillus subtilis(2), Corynebacterium hofmanni(1) and Bacillus cereus(1); (c) Gram-negative bacilli: Escherichia coli(3), Proteus vulgaris(1) and Proteus mirabilis(1). While these results show no significant differences in the species types of non-mycobacterial aerobic organisms isolated from healthy skin and PB/MB types of leprosy, these isolates need to be characterized by immunological/molecular methods to find out subtypes if any.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and characterization of cultivable mycobacteria from leprosy skin.

Attempts were made to isolate cultivable mycobacteria from 129 biopsies/slit-skin scrapings from the skin of leprosy patients (73 multibacillary-BB/BL/LL and 56 paucibacillary-TT/BT/I) as well as 50 healthy controls. Among the 19 isolates obtained, 17 were from specimens from leprosy cases whereas two were from healthy controls. 14 of the 17 isolates were from multibacillary cases and three were from paucibacillary patients. The mycobacteria isolated were: M.scrofulaceum (4 = all LL cases); M.avium (3 = 2 from LL cases and 1 from healthy control); M.avium-intracellulare complex (1 LL); M.gordonae (2 = 1 from BT and BB each); M.flavescens (1 BL); M.smegmatis (2 = both LL); M.phlei (4 = 1 LL, 1 BL, 1 BT and 1 healthy control); M.fortuitum (1 BL); and M.chelonei (1 BT relapse). The results of this study suggest a preferential colonization of skin of lepromatous leprosy cases by M.scrofulaceum and M.avium. As such isolates have been reported by the investigators from other parts of the world, independent confirmation of such trends in Indian patients is significant and casual relationship (if any) between such colonization and development of lepromatous disease merits further investigation.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomic nerve affection in leprosy.

Leprosy has been shown to affect almost all systems of human body and abnormalities in functions of autonomic nerves innervating various parts have been observed in several studies. In the skin and its appendages, the common changes are anhidrosis and varying degree of impaired sweat response. Signs of denervation of iris and reduced intraocular pressure are permanent features of autonomic involvement in the eye. In the cardiac autonomic functions, rhythm disturbances have been documented by several investigators. Respiratory function test studies have shown impaired breath holding time and decreased response to cough as well as other changes indicating blockade of vagus nerves and sympathetic plexus. Abnormal testicular pain sensation and diminished nocturnal penile tumiscence provide evidence of afflication of autonomic nerves of male genital system. Other important autonomic nervous system involvements include the nerves innervating the capillaries of legs. These changes have been observed to be more in extensive and long standing disease which indicate the need to study all these aspects in prospective studies specially in the light of early institution of multidrug treatment.

Autonomic Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunotherapy of leprosy.

Immunotherapy aims to modify the defective cell-mediated immune response in a section of leprosy cases. This presentation reviews the various immunomodulators developed/ investigated for this purpose. Among the various mycobacterial agents, BCG, BCG + M.leprae, Mycobacterium w, ICRC bacillus and M.vaccae have been tried in leprosy patients and varying degree of beneficial effects on bacterial killing and clearance have been observed. Studies carried out at CJIL, Agra and elsewhere suggest an important role for these mycobacteria as immunotherapeutic agents. Other mycobacteria-M.habana, M.phlei, M.gordonae-have also been reported to be promising experimentally. In addition, various drugs such as levamisole, zinc and RACA 854 have been observed to have immunomodulatory role in leprosy cases. Other promising immunomudlators include transfer factor, interferon gamma, interleukin 2 and acetoacetylated M.leprae. The progress achieved shows that immunotherapy may be considered as adjunct to chemotherapy to enhance bacterial killing as well as bacterial clearance and thus may be recommended to shorten the treatment period, specially in bacilliferous leprosy cases.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Viability of M. leprae while undergoing laboratory procedures.

Studies were carried out to assess whether various methodological procedures adopted while conducting experiments, or, maintaining M. leprae under different conditions affected the number of organisms made available or their viability. Results of mouse foot-pad experiments showed that bacilli survived for one day at 37 degrees C, 7 days at 20 degrees to 30 degrees C and for 90 days in lyophilized conditions. Repeated daily exposure of the material preserved in refrigerator at +4 degrees C, to room temperatures showed that bacilli survived for only up to five days; whereas, with single exposure they survived up to 14 days. M. leprae were found to lose infectivity after 30 minutes of exposure to various disinfectants and ultra violet light. Centrifugation at high speed did not affect the viability of M. leprae.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A sequential study of circulating immune complexes, complement and immunoglobulins in borderline tuberculoid leprosy patients with and without reactions.

Sequential estimates of the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC), complement catabolic fragment C3d, complement-mediated immune complex solubilization (CMS) and immunoglobulins were made in 24 newly diagnosed with borderline tuberculoid leprosy over a 20 month period after initiation of chemotherapy. Fourteen of these patients had not suffered from reversal reactions either at the time of presentation or during the follow-up. The levels of CIC were evaluated in them from the third to the eleventh month after starting chemotherapy and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were evaluated up to eight months. The concentrations of C3d and immunoglobulins A (IgA) and M (IgM) were normal in these patients. The other ten patients had reversal reaction at the time of diagnosis which subsided by the third month after starting treatment. They did not have reversal reactions later. The levels of CIC and IgG were elevated and those of CMS were depressed throughout the study period. Serum C3d level was initially elevated but came down to normal by the third month while IgA and IgM levels were within normal limits. The relevance of these findings to the genesis of reversal reaction is discussed in this communication.

Adult↗