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Biomedical subjects

K Kawanishi

Publications and source records attributed to K Kawanishi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Corticotropin releasing factor and galanin-containing neurons projecting to the median eminence of the rat.

To identify corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)- and galanin (GAL)-containing neurons projecting to the median eminence, a retrograde tracing method with True blue was combined with a double-staining method. It was demonstrated that some True blue-labeled CRF neurons in the paraventricular nucleus were also immunoreactive for GAL. These findings support the hypothesis that GAL and CRF are simultaneously involved in regulation of ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1992

Mitogenic activities in the protein fractions of crude drugs.

Eighteen different crude drugs were extracted with hot water and saline, and protein fractions were prepared from the extracts by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Mitogenic activities of the protein fractions were examined both on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and on mouse spleen cells. Potent mitogenic activities for both human and/or mouse lymphocytes were found in the protein fractions of four crude drugs, namely, Bupleuri radix, Pinelliae tuber, Sophorae radix, and Zedoariae rhizoma. Target specificities of these mitogens were investigated by using isolated T and B cells and lymphocytes from athymic nude mice. Sensitivity to protease digestion as well as water-soluble, ammonium sulfate precipitable nature assures that the substances responsible for the mitogenic activities are proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Contamination of endoscopes and endoscope washers by atypical mycobacteria].

Contamination of endoscopes and endoscope washers by atypical mycobacteria was studied. Large amounts of atypical mycobacteria were detected with high frequency inside endoscopes and endoscope washers. The species of atypical mycobacteria was Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus. Antibacterial-effects of glutaraldehyde against isolated atypical mycobacteria were checked. Sufficient antibacterial-effect was not obtained by 2% glutaraldehyde solution for endoscope sterilization. However, after frequent manual washing and brushing of endoscopes, by using 3% glutaraldehyde solution and 70% alcohol, all endoscopic instruments were completely decontaminated. We must pay attention to contamination of endoscopes and endoscope washer at least once a month.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed1992

Identification of dopamine and growth hormone-releasing factor-containing neurons projecting to the median eminence of the rat by combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry.

The topographical location of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons, a marker for dopamine neurons in the hypothalamus, that project to the median eminence was identified with immunofluorescence staining in combination with retrograde transblue, indicating that they projected to the median eminence. Only a few retrogradely labeled TH cells were observed in the periventricular nucleus and the lateral basal hypothalamus. The elution restaining procedure revealed that an average of 32% of the labeled TH cells in the ventrolateral portion of the ARC contained GRF. These findings support the hypothesis of co-expression of dopamine with GRF from the ARC.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The effects of retinoic acid and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on alkaline phosphatase activity of HL-60 cells].

We examined alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the HL-60 cell induced by retinoic acid (RA) and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). rhG-CSF induced a small but significant increase of NBT-reducing ability and ALP activity of the HL-60 cells. Among various inducers of cell differentiation, 1,25(OH)2D3 and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) caused the increase of the NBT-reducing ability and the suppression of ALP activity induced by rhG-CSF, while RA enhanced both of them. Protein kinase C inhibitors (H-7 and staurosporine) but not a protein kinase A inhibitor (HA1004) significantly suppressed the ALP activity induced by the simultaneous treatment with RA and rhG-CSF.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on pseudo-Chediak-Higashi granules formation in acute promyelocytic leukemia].

Leukemic cells from acute promyelocytic leukemia containing pseudo-Chediak-Higashi (P-CH) granules in a 38-year-woman were studied with ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques to evaluate the origin and nature of the granules. Wright-Giemsa stain revealed giant granules to be azurophilic. Cytochemical stain revealed p-CH granules ot the basic of their peroxidase and glycoprotein content. Electron microscopy revealed numerous giant granules formed by fusion of azurophilic granules these morphological, different type granules were classified into four types, 1) circular granule with homogeneous matrix, 2) circular granule with heterogeneous change by autolysis, 3) Auer body-like granule with crystalline arrangement, 4) vacuolar formation. The results demonstrate that the Auer body-like granule of P-CH granules in leukemic cells is a morphologically variant type of the classical Auer body observed in common acute myeloid leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of factors affecting anaerobic threshold in healthy subjects].

The anaerobic threshold (AT) is used to determine the exercise capacity in patients with heart failure and healthy subjects. To determine the factors affecting AT, we determined the AT in healthy subjects, and examined the factors that determine AT in healthy subjects. One hundred and sixteen healthy subjects (79 men and 37 women) performed on a bicycle a stepwise increasing submaximal exercise. During the work test the parameters usually used in the detection of AT (Vo2, Vco2, VE), blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation were recorded by a computerized system every minute. AT was determined from changes in ventilation and gas-exchange. The fat index was calculated from height and body weight measured at the beginning of the ventilatory function test. A significant correlation was obtained between AT and age, AT and fat index, AT and %VC, AT and maximum heart rate during exercise, AT and recovery rate of heart rate after exercise, and AT and Vo2 at rest. In addition, we examined the relationship among the parameters in 4 groups according to sex and age (30-49; younger, 50-69; older), because sex and age affected most parameters. We found a significant correlation between AT and fat index (older men and women), AT and %VC (younger and older women), AT and Vo2 at rest (younger and older men). We considered that the main factors that determined AT in healthy subjects were age, sex, fat index, %VC and Vo2 at rest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Multicenter clinical evaluation of red cell concentrates stored up to 6 weeks in MAP, a new additive solution].

The clinical safety and efficacy of transfusion of red cell concentrates stored in MAP solution (MAP-CRC) containing mannitol, adenine, glucose, phosphate and citrate, into 39 anemic patients were evaluated. In 23 patients, infusion of MAP-CRC was alternated with infusion of ordinary CRC as a control. The MAP-CRC and CRC used in this study were stored at 4 degrees C for an average of 38.2 +/- 2.6 days (n = 52) and 18.1 +/- 2.2 days (n = 26), respectively. Red cell recovery was 77.5% for MAP-CRC and 82.5% for CRC, based on calculation of the increase in hemoglobin level one day after transfusion. There were no differences between patients transfused with MAP-CRC and those transfused with CRC in clinical findings or biochemical data. No major side-effects other than pyrexia associated with the underlying infections were seen in patients transfused with MAP-CRC. MAP-CRC stored up to 42 days is apparently as safe and effective as stored CRC. This new additive solution may therefore be useful for the future expansion of the indications for autologous blood transfusion by facilitating the collection and storage of more blood in the liquid state for a longer period, and may also be useful in obtaining more plasma from whole blood as source plasma.

Adenine↗
PubMed1991

Neurotensin and growth hormone-releasing factor-containing neurons projecting to the median eminence of the rat: a combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical study.

The origins of the neurotensin (NT)-containing nerve terminals in the median eminence were determined in rats by a combination of retrograde labeling with True blue and immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, the distribution of NT and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) was analyzed in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) with an elution-restaining procedure. The retrogradely labeled NT neurons were found mainly in the ARC. Only a few labeled NT neurons were seen in the periventricular and the paraventricular nuclei. The elution restaining procedure demonstrated that an average of 43% of the labeled NT cells in the ventral part of the ARC restained for GRF. These findings support the hypothesis of co-expression of NT with GRF from the ARC.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Periandradulcins A, B and C: phosphodiesterase inhibitors from Periandra dulcis Mart.

During the course of our screening of bioactive natural products, three new saponins named periandradulcins A (1), B (2) and C (3) were isolated as phosphodiesterase (PDE, EC 3.1.4.17) inhibitors from 80% MeOH extract of the roots of Periandra dulcis Mart. (Leguminosae) by a combination of column chromatography and reversed- and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On the basis of 1H-, 13C- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data and chemical evidence, their chemical structures were characterized as 3-O-beta-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1----2)-b eta-D- glucuronopyranosyl]-30-hydroxyl-25-formylolean-18-ene-22 beta-O-syringate, 3-O-beta-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D- xylopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-22 beta-hydroxyl-25- formylolean-12-ene and 3-O-beta-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-22 beta-hydroxyl-25-formylolean-18-ene, respectively. The concentrations of periandradulcins A, B and C required to give 50% inhibition (IC50 values) of PDE from bovine heart, were 0.033, 7.6 and 7.7 microM, respectively. Compound 1 was the most potent among the known PDE inhibitors; it inhibited PDE-I (IC50:0.0022 microM) twenty and forty times more effectively than PDE-II and -III, respectively.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Inducement of antibody that mimics insulin action on insulin receptor by insulin autoantibody directed at determinant at asparagine site on human insulin B chain.

We previously showed that purified human IgG1 insulin autoantibody (IAA) from the serum of male patient T.H. with insulin autoimmune syndrome is directed at a determinant at the asparagine site on the human insulin B chain. An anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-TH) that inhibited TH-IAA binding to human insulin was obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with TH-IAA. Anti-TH bound to viable IM-9 cells and the purified insulin receptor from IM-9 cells. Anti-TH binding to IM-9 cells and the insulin receptor was inhibited by TH-IAA but not by human IgG. Moreover, incubation of HepG2 cells with anti-TH had an inhibitory effect on insulin binding to HepG2 cells. Anti-TH, like insulin, stimulated amino acid uptake in HepG2 cells. These findings indicate that the conformation of TH-IAA idiotope is a mirror image of the determinant on the insulin B chain, the binding site for TH-IAA on anti-TH is also related to the insulin binding site on the insulin receptor, and anti-TH mimics insulin action on the insulin receptor.

Aminoisobutyric Acids↗