Biomedical subjects

K Kawata

Publications and source records attributed to K Kawata.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Plasma cortisol response in dairy cows to vaginoscopy, genital palpation per rectum and artificial insemination.

Response of plasma cortisol concentrations after vaginoscopic examination, palpation of the genital organs per rectum and artificial insemination were investigated in six Holstein-Friesian cows weighing between 510 to 620 kg. Blood samples were collected by indwelling jugular catheter. The experiment was begun at 09:00 hours on the day when cows came into estrus. Blood samples were collected from 30 minutes before to 60 minutes after each treatment at intervals of 5 to 10 minutes. Cows were initially blood-sampled for 90 minutes at the same intervals without giving any treatment and then were subjected to vaginoscopy for 1.5 minutes, palpation of the uterus and ovaries per rectum for 4 minutes and artificial insemination by the recto-vaginal method for 5 minutes. No significant increase in plasma cortisol was shown in cows in estrus following vaginoscopy. Palpation per rectum as well as artificial insemination caused a significant increase in plasma cortisol (P < 0.01) 5 to 10 minutes after the initiation of treatments in cows in estrus. There was a tendency for cows in the luteal phase to show higher plasma cortisol levels after the vaginoscopy than cows in estrus. Adrenal response to palpation per rectum in cows in the luteal phase was similar to that in cows in estrus. Thus, in cows in estrus, palpation per rectum as well as artificial insemination may be potential stressors for cows, causing an increase in plasma cortisol levels. However, the pathophysiological importance of the rise in plasma cortisol levels is not known.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Surgical treatment of needles in intracardiac cavity and chest wall--a case report and the review of cases removed under open-heart surgery in Japan].

A 36-year-old woman under the treatment for neurosis stuck five sewing needles into her left anterior chest wall for the purpose of suicide. She was hospitalized with complaints of anterior chest pain and low-grade fever. Chest roentgenogram and computed tomogram showed two needles in the cardiac cavity and three needles in the chest wall. Following extraction of three needles in the chest wall, we removed two needles from the left and the right ventricular cavities under extracorporeal circulation. Preoperative and intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography was useful for confirming the location of needles.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Effect of fenprostalene 14 days after fertirelin treatment on intervals from treatment to conception in cows with follicular cysts diagnosed by milk progesterone test.

Of 170 cows with ovarian cysts which were detected by palpation of the ovaries per rectum, 88 cows (51.8%) were diagnosed as having follicular cysts on the basis of milk progesterone concentrations. Eighty-three of the 88 cows were used for treatment trials. A group of 56 cows injected subcutaneously with fenprostalene, prostaglandin F2 alpha analog, 14 days after treatment with fertirelin, an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, compared with another 27 cows treated only with fertirelin (controls), showed a higher pregnancy rate within 100 days after the initial treatment (66.1 vs 48.1%) and shorter intervals from the treatment to conception (30 +/- 21 vs 43 +/- 27 days). It was concluded that the administration of fenprostalene following fertirelin treatment is effective in shortening the interval from treatment to conception in cows with follicular cysts.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗

PubMed1993

Therapeutic effects of moxibustion on delayed uterine involution in postpartum dairy cows.

Moxibustion on 12 specific points (Keiketsu in Japanese) was applied for treatment of delayed uterine involution in 16 cows that were diagnosed on the basis of rectal palpation and vaginoscopic examination 21 to 35 days after parturition. The treatment was continued for three consecutive days. Other 32 cows with the delayed uterine involution were either injected intramuscularly with 25 mg PGF2 alpha (17 cows) or infused in utero with 500 mg ampicillin (15 cows). The uterine involution following the treatment was monitored by rectal palpation and vaginoscopic examination. Milk samples were collected three times weekly and used for milk progesterone assay to monitor the ovarian function. No significant difference was observed in the uterine involution among the groups treated with moxibustion, PGF2 alpha or ampicillin. Percentages of cows with abnormal cervical mucus and bacterial isolation from cervical swab decreased remarkably in all groups during 4 weeks after treatment. Forty-six percent of cows with delayed uterine involution was diagnosed as having inactive ovaries. Percentage of cows that responded with ovulation and corpus luteum formation after moxibustion was 67 percent, slightly higher than those in cows treated with PGF2 alpha or ampicillin. Reproductive performance after the moxibustion was well-comparable to those after PGF2 alpha or ampicillin treatment. Result indicates that the moxibustion could be used as the alternative to PGF2 alpha and antibiotics for treating delayed uterine involution in cows.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1993

Rhabdomyosarcoma in the inferior vena cava with secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome.

A 63-year-old man with symptoms of obstruction of the inferior vena cava was examined by computed tomography, ultrasound imaging and angiography. Examination revealed a tumor in the inferior vena cava, and transvenous biopsy revealed a rhabdomyosarcoma. The tumor was surgically resected and was easily separated from the surrounding tissues. Nevertheless, a local recurrence developed 43 days after the operation, and the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. Hepatomegaly and ascites believed to represent the Budd-Chiari syndrome were noted. The patient died on the 163rd postoperative day. Autopsy revealed a tumor extending from the inferior vena cava just above the right renal vein to the right atrium and involving the lobus caudatus of the liver. Clinically, the tumor was thought to have arisen from the middle segment of the inferior vena cava. However, a diagnosis of primary hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma with extrahepatic growth could not be excluded. Only 12 cases of primary liver rhabdomyosarcoma have been reported, and none of those patients demonstrated Budd-Chiari syndrome. Our patient, diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma with secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome, is believed to be the first such report.

Budd-Chiari Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

[Experimental study of acute spinal cord injury: a histopathological study].

The microscopic appearance of a rat spinal cord which was acutely compressed by aneurysmal clip for one minute, was investigated 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours and 6 hours after the injury. Although the resulting small hemorrhagic lesion involved primarily only the central gray matter of the injured portion 15 minutes after compression injury, hemorrhage, necrosis and edema in the central gray matter enlarged progressively until 3 hours after injury. Petechial hemorrhage, necrosis and edema were observed in the surrounding area one hour after spinal compression. Then these pathological changes extended rostrally and caudally, but their extension was more significantly remarkable in the rostral side than in the caudal side 3 hours after compression. It was observed that leukocytes begin to infiltrate into the injured capillary walls and plug up the capillary lumen 30 minutes after the injury. Three hours following the injury, leukocytes (lymphocyte, macrophage) extravasated into the surrounding spinal tissue. From these histopathological observations, we reached the following conclusions. A. Secondary injuries play an important role in grave impairment of neurological function of the spinal cord following acute trauma. B. Pathological findings (hemorrhage necrosis and edema) extend more prominently to the rostral side, because the direction of spinal blood flow may be rostral in the thoracic spinal cord. C. Severe disturbance of intraspinal capillary blood flow leading to grave spinal damage may be evoked, because leukocytes infiltrate into the capillary around the injured area and plug up the their lumen about 30 minutes after the injury.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

[Experimental study of acute spinal cord injury: a study of spinal blood flow].

It is well known that the worsening of neurological findings after spinal cord injury is due to the secondary progression of pathological changes which may be caused by spinal cord blood flow disturbance. We measured spinal blood flow of 5mm rostrally and caudally distant portions from the injured point, using the laser Doppler flowmeter experimentally. Forty rats were used. Ten of these were used as a control group. And thirty animals were injured at the level of the tenth thoracic cord with a 50g epidural one minute compression method and measured continuously from 30 minutes before the injury to 6 hours after the injury. Twenty two surviving animals were evaluated. In the control group, spinal blood flow was stable. But in the injured group, spinal blood flow dropped by 30.6 + 9.8% on the rostral side and 37.3 + 17.6% on the caudal side in comparison with the resting value soon after the injury. Although the flow improved to 89.3 + 11.1 and 71.3 + 17.8% respectively 15 minutes later, it dropped again gradually and reached 42.8 + 14.1 and 66.2 + 16.4% respectively 6 hours after the injury had been inflicted. Lastly, in the animals, carbon perfusion was performed through the left ventricle. The normal figured vasculature in the preparation of the injured and measured portion was calculated with a microcomputer imaging analyzer and compared with control groups. The number of the normal vessels was significantly more abundant on the caudal side than on the rostral side (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Comparisons of several dosages of a GnRH analog with the standard dose of hCG in the treatment of follicular cysts in dairy cows.

Two experiments were carried out to examine therapeutic effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, buserelin, on ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cows. Follicular cysts were diagnosed by palpation per rectum as well as by milk progesterone assay. Luteinization of the follicular cysts following treatment was judged by an increase in milk progesterone. In Experiment 1, 35 cows were diagnosed to have follicular cysts on the basis of palpations and low milk progesterone concentrations 1 week before treatment. Another 19 cows which were clinically diagnosed with follicular cysts but showed high milk progesterone levels before treatment were excluded. Sixty-two percent (11/18) of cows with follicular cysts treated with 20 microg of buserelin and 82% (14/17) of cows treated with 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) showed luteinization of follicular cysts within 4 to 5 days after the treatments. The percentage of cows conceiving within 100 days after treatment and the average interval in days between treatment and conception were 44% and 42+/-18 (SD) days for the buserelin-treated cows and 47% and 42+/-18 days for the hCG-treated cows. In Experiment 2, the effects of treatment doses (6, 10, 20 and 30 microg of buserelin and 10,000 IU of hCG) on follicular cysts were compared using 103 cows. An additional 23 cows which were clinically diagnosed as having follicular cysts and which were given treatment showed a high milk progesterone concentration on the day of treatment and were therefore excluded. Fifty to 64% of the cows responded with luteinization of follicular cysts after treatment. There was no significant difference in response among cows given either the different dosages of buserelin or the hCG. However, the percentage of the total number of cows that conceived after a single or a repeated treatment with 6 microg buserelin was lower than that of cows after a single or a repeated treatment with 10 microg buserelin (P<0.05). An increase in the dose of buserelin from 10 to 30 microg did not improve the therapeutic effect of the drug. Thus, it is concluded that a single intramuscular injection of buserelin at a dose of 10 microg or higher is as effective as 10,000 IU hCG, and is, therefore, recommended for the treatment of ovarian follicular cysts in cows.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

Use of a beta 2-adrenergic stimulant (clenbuterol) for eliminating night-time calving.

To determine whether beta 2-adrenergic stimulant (clenbuterol) would exhibit beneficial effects upon the elimination of night-time calving, 42 Holstein Friesian cows and heifers at the first stage of labour were injected intramuscularly twice with clenbuterol; 300 micrograms at 18:00 and 210 micrograms at 22:00. Other 26 cows and heifers of the same breed at the first stage of labour at 18:00 were not treated and served as controls. All of the treated animals, but one, calved after 5:00 in the next morning, showing a peak of parturition between 5:00 and 10:00. In contrast to this, 42% of the control animals calved at night between 22:00 and 5:00. Thus, the double administrations of clenbuterol were shown to be effective for eliminating night-time calving. The cows treated with clenbuterol tended to show lower incidences of dystocia and retained placenta and a higher first insemination conception rate than the control animals. No adverse effects of the treatment on the viability of newborn calves and milk yields were observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Nicergoline, an ergot alkaloid, improves ischemic brain damage by ameliorating the decreased cerebral blood flow and metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats].

Effects of ergot alkaloids, nicergoline (NIC), on survival rate, brain water content, local cerebral blood flow (LCBF: 14C-iodoantipyrine) and glucose utilization (LCGU: 14C-2-deoxyglucose) were examined after bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Two series of study were performed; the permanent BCAO and 3-hr-BCAO study. After permanent BCAO, the survival rate at 24 hrs of 32% (8 mg/kg, i.p.) or 38% (16mg/kg) in NIC group was higher than that in non-treated group (12%). At the end of 3-hr-BCAO, the increase in water content (dry-wet) in di-mesencephalon was less in NIC (100 micrograms/kg/min, i.v.) group than that in non-treated group. The decrease in LCBF in caudate-putamen (CP), parietal cortex (PC), thalamus (TH), hypothalamus (HT), and substantia nigra (SN) were less in NIC group than those in non-treated group. At the 2-hr-reperfusion after 3-hr-BCAO, the decrease in LCBF in TH and HT were less in NIC group than those in non-treated group. The LCGU in sensory motor cortex, CP, PC, HT, inferior colliculus and pons-reticular were higher in NIC group than those in non-treated group. From these results, it is concluded that nicergoline may have ameliorative effects on survival rate related to the prevention of decreased cerebral blood flow and metabolism following brain ischemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Regional myocardial coronary blood flow reserve in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed by digital subtraction coronary angiography].

Using digital subtraction coronary angiography (DSA), we evaluated the regional myocardial coronary blood flow reserve (rMFR) in 18 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). There were 13 patients with asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH), and 5 with asymmetrical apical hypertrophy (AAH). Eight subjects without apparent cardiac abnormality served as controls. Relations between the rMFR and regional wall thickness as determined by echocardiography were also investigated. Peak contrast density (Cm) and time to Cm (Tm) were measured from digital angiograms at the middle and distal ventricular septum (VS) and at the apical and left ventricular posterior wall (PW). The rMFR of each region of interest was expressed as the ratio of Cm/Tm at the baseline and at peak hyperemic response induced by intracoronary administration of papaverine. The rMFR was significantly lower at the VS and apex in HCM than in controls: middle VS, 1.9 +/- 0.5 vs 3.9 +/- 0.5, p < 0.001; distal VS, 2.0 +/- 0.5 vs 4.4 +/- 0.9, p < 0.001; and the apex, 2.0 +/- 0.7 vs 4.5 +/- 1.6, p < 0.01. However, it did not differ at the PW; 2.6 +/- 0.9 vs 3.0 +/- 0.9 between the 3 groups. The middle VS and apex, where the wall was the thickest, had the lowest rMFR in ASH and AAH. Furthermore, at the VS and apex, a curvilinear relationship was observed between the rMFR and wall thickness (rMFR = -0.88 in WT + 2.39, r = -0.57, p < 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The effect of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on anaerobic threshold in patients with angina pectoris.

The anaerobic threshold (AT) is regarded an objective parameter for evaluating exercise tolerance, but its relationship to the improvement of myocardial ischemia remains uncertain. To investigate this relationship, submaximal treadmill exercise tests were performed for 15 consecutive patients with angina pectoris who had undergone successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Before and after PTCA, the AT was determined using cardiorespiratory monitoring, while the patients were receiving their usual vasodilator medications. 1) Before PTCA, the minute oxygen uptake (VO2) at the AT correlated well with the peak VO2 (r = 0.92, p < 0.002). The VO2 at the AT, however, showed less correlation (r = 0.71, p < 0.002) with the VO2 at ST segment depression, while the latter parameter correlated closely with the peak VO2 (r = 0.91, p < 0.002). 2) After PTCA, exercise time, peak VO2, and the double product at peak exercise increased significantly (from 640.1 +/- 212.2 to 772.9 +/- 230.0 sec, p < 0.001, from 19.1 +/- 5.2 to 22.4 +/- 4.9 ml/min/kg, p < 0.05, and from 19.7 +/- 5.0 x 10(3) to 23.7 +/- 4.5 x 10(3), p < 0.001, respectively). However, the VO2 at the AT did not increase significantly (from 15.8 +/- 4.1 to 16.6 +/- 3.5 ml/min/kg, p = NS). The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and double product at the AT did not change significantly. In conclusion, in patients with angina pectoris, the AT is apparently related to the onset of myocardial ischemia. However, the AT does not necessarily reflect acute improvement of myocardial ischemia immediately after PTCA.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Repeated blackout in a patient with accelerated idioventricular rhythm].

There has been no report that Accelerated Idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) causes a syncope attack. The patient described in this report is very rare because AIVR chronic without any heart diseases has been observed for 13 years, and because it is considered that AIVR is closely associated with his repeated blackouts. A 62-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of repeated syncopal attacks. He reported that he occasionally felt lightheaded after strenuous lifting and pushing or pulling against resistance. We found that AIVR could produce a remarkable arterial pressure drop partly because of ventricular asynergy and loss of timed atrial contribution. Furthermore, we observed syncopal attacks during Valsalva maneuver and found abnormalities of baroreceptor reflex (Lack of reflex tachycardia and weakened evershoot phenomenon). It is concluded that AIVR is not a benign arrhythmia in this patient because it has been a possible cause of syncope attack due to systemic arterial pressure drop and baroreceptor abnormalities.

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm↗

PubMed1991

Effect of cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation on acutely ischemic myocardium--a comparison with the response to exogenous noradrenaline.

To assess the integrity of an adrenergic nervous function in acute myocardial ischemia, the contractile response of the ischemic region to cardiac sympathetic nervous stimulation (CSNS) was measured in comparison that with to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) infusion. In 13 anesthetized open chest mongrel dogs, haemodynamic changes, segmental wall motion, and the concentration of NA in the efferent coronary vein were measured. CSNS was performed by electrically stimulating the left ansa subclavia. Data concerning baseline values, values during CSNS, and those obtained during NA infusion both before and up to 5 h after coronary occlusion were compared. Regional myocardial blood flow of the ischemic region was also measured using the H+ clearance method. Systolic expansion with coronary occlusion was not changed or augmented by CSNS. However, improvement was observed in all experiments when NA infusion was used. The percent change of systolic shortening, indicating the response of segmental wall motion to CSNS, decreased soon after occlusion, recovered temporarily within 30 min after occlusion, but did not improve throughout the period after 60 min. The decrease of NA overflow into the efferent vein by CSNS showed a biphasic pattern; reduction occurring immediately after occlusion and again 3-5h after occlusion. Throughout these experimental studies it was considered that the preserved responses to the exogenous injected NA represented the contribution of presynaptic factor.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Quantitative measurements of balloon-to-artery ratios in coronary angioplasty.

To determine the optimal balloon-to-artery ratio in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), the effects of balloon size on the extent of residual stenosis, the incidence of coronary dissection, and the percentage of cases requiring repeat PTCA for restenosis were examined retrospectively. Fifty consecutive patients who underwent elective PTCA for simple and discrete lesion localized in the left anterior descending coronary artery were selected for this study. To measure the absolute cross-sectional area of the adjacent control segment of the artery, we developed a new method of quantitative coronary angiography, a hybrid of cinevideodensitometry and the edge detection method. The balloon-to-artery ratio was calculated as the cross-sectional area ratio between the control segment adjacent to the stenosis and the balloon which was visually selected by the operator during PTCA. Residual stenosis was determined as the percent area of stenosis by our hybrid method using cinevideodensitometry. The balloon-to-artery ratio ranged from 0.4 to 2.4, and a weak but significant inverse correlation (r = -0.51) was observed between the balloon-to-artery ratio and the extent of residual stenosis. In 23 patients whose balloon-to-artery ratios were less than 1.0, residual stenosis was greater (59.9 +/- 11.9% vs 46.0 +/- 19.6%, p < 0.05), and the percentage of repeat PTCA was higher (26% vs 4%, p < 0.05) than in the group of 27 patients whose balloon-to-artery ratios were higher than 1.0. The incidence of coronary dissection was similar in the 2 groups (9% vs 15%, ns). The percent area of stenosis before PTCA, the number of inflations, the inflation pressures, and the inflation times were also similar between these 2 groups. We concluded that the optimal balloon size is slightly more than the control segment dimensions of simple and discrete isolated stenoses of the left anterior descending artery treated at lower inflation pressures, and that an accurate measurement method of the coronary arterial dimensions is necessary to determine this optimal balloon size.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗

PubMed1991

[Cerebral effects of isoflurane-induced or PGE1-induced hypotension in dogs].

The cerebral effects of hypotension induced by inhalation of increasing concentrations of isoflurane or intravenous administration of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were studied in 15 dogs anesthetized with 1% isoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide during normocarbic (PaCO2 approximately 39 mmHg) and normothermic (37.5 degrees C) condition. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was decreased stepwise to 25, 40, and 55% of its baseline values. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured using the venous outflow technique. Cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRgl) and oxygen/glucose index (OGI) were calculated, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and EEG were also recorded at each decrement in MAP and after resuming the control condition. The CBF, CMRO2, CMRgl, OGI and CSFP responses related to hypotension showed no significant changes from baseline values in both methods. However, CBF values in isoflurane-induced hypotension at 25% and 40% reduction of MAP were significantly higher than those in PGE1-induced hypotension. By increasing concentration of isoflurane, EEG changed from continuous fast wave to high amplitude (100 microV) slow wave (4-6 Hz) and typical burst suppression observed in 3 of 8 dogs. In contrast, no significant EEG changes were seen during PGE1-induced hypotension. These results suggest no adverse effect of isoflurane- and PGE1-induced hypotension on cerebral metabolism or function.

Alprostadil↗

PubMed1991

[A prominent retrograde flow in coronary artery in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Pathophysiology and clinical significance of a systolic backward flow in the epicardial coronary artery have not been elucidated. Using a 20 MHz Doppler catheter, we assessed coronary flow velocity waveforms in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 19 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 11 patients without apparent cardiac abnormalities as control subjects. Systolic flow fraction was smaller in HCM than in controls. Only 4 patients with HCM showed a prominent retrograde flow persisting during almost the entire systole. All the 4 had marked cavity obliteration and two of them had systolic intraventricular pressure gradients of 80 and 110 mmHg respectively. Exercise thallium-201 ECT revealed that myocardial hypoperfusion was more frequent in those 4 patients. Through these observations, it is concluded that a high intramyocardial systolic pressure combined with a relatively low coronary perfusing pressure may result in a large systolic retrograde flow in the left epicardial coronary artery, and that it may be related to myocardial ischemia in patients with HCM.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Evaluation of coronary arterial stenosis before and after PTCA: visual estimation versus computer-assisted analysis].

Coronary arteriogram of 34 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were evaluated visually and by computer-assisted analysis, that employed an edge detection method and cine-videodensitometry. The results of visual estimation were in general agreement with those of computer-assisted analysis for determination of percent area of stenosis in severe stenosis, and percent diameter of stenosis in slightly stenotic lesions. Before PTCA, the findings obtained by densitometry agreed with those using the edge detection method. However, after PTCA, the results were significantly different. This discrepancy may have been due to asymmetric morphologic changes in the luminal cross sectional area immediately after PTCA, which could not be assessed by the edge detection method in a single-plane view. Through these studies it was concluded that the densitometry is most useful for evaluating the effects of PTCA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗