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Biomedical subjects

K Kent

Publications and source records attributed to K Kent.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Stimulation of specific immune responses to simian immunodeficiency virus using chimeric hepatitis B core antigen particles.

Subunit approaches to vaccines against viral diseases have resulted in the development of a number of methods for presentation of defined epitopes to the immune system. We have exploited a highly immunogenic presentation system based on hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) particles to produce a number of candidate vaccines against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Recombinant particles have been produced in bacteria which carry multiple copies of defined or predicted neutralizing epitopes of SIV at a number of different sites within the particle. In parallel, a number of synthetic peptide-based SIV vaccines have been produced based on homology to reported neutralizing epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus. Although potent immune responses were elicited against both particulate and peptide forms of the antigen, neutralizing antibodies were not induced as judged by available assays.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Reconstructing the atrophic mandible with inferior border grafting and implants: a preliminary report.

Advanced mandibular atrophy is a serious surgical reconstruction challenge. Previous experience with an inferior border approach has been favorable. Predictably successful osseointegrated implants ultimately allow loading of the healed grafts. The technique described uses a freeze-dried, gamma-irradiated cadaver mandible packed with autogenous iliac crest bone. An extraoral approach allows augmentation without disrupting use of an intraoral prosthesis during healing. The incidence of infection and resorption can be reduced. Fewer problems with neurosensory disturbances common with some of the superior border, or sandwich osteotomy, grafting techniques were experienced. The use of implants to ultimately load the bone should result in less resorption than in those techniques using a conventional removable prosthesis.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1991

Modified deoxyoligonucleotides stable to exonuclease degradation in serum.

Unmodified deoxyoligonucleotides are rapidly degraded in serum-containing medium. Utilizing internally labelled deoxyoligonucleotides the deoxyribonuclease profile for fetal calf serum and human serum was determined. It was found that the predominate nuclease activity in both systems was 3' exonuclease. Deoxyoligonucleotides are protected from exonuclease degradation in sera and cell media by simple terminal modifications that maintain high binding activity for the complementary DNA sequence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

The use of stabilization plates in the immediate repair of defects following mandibular resection.

The results of immediate stabilization for surgical defects of the mandible in 18 patients are presented. Fourteen patients with malignant lesions underwent immediate stabilization without bone grafting, but with associated myocutaneous flap soft tissue reconstruction. Four patients with benign lesions were treated with immediate stabilization and bone graft reconstruction, but without myocutaneous flap soft tissue reconstruction. Results at from 4 to 34 months reveal two bone plates lost to massive intraoral exposure. The remaining plates remain in place with excellent functional and cosmetic results.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1989

One-year follow-up results of the 1985-1986 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry.

In 1,801 patients in the 1985-1986 Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry, overall 1-year mortality was 3.2%, the 1-year myocardial infarction rate was 7.2%, and the 1-year coronary artery bypass surgery rate was 13.2%. In the 78% of the cohort with all lesions successfully dilated and without major procedural complications (successful patients), the corresponding rates were 1.9%, 2.6%, and 6.4%. Nearly 20% of all deaths, 40% of all infarctions, and 25% of all bypass operations occurred in the small subset of patients (6.8%) who sustained periprocedural occlusion. Event rates were higher in patients with multivessel disease than in those with one-vessel disease. At 1 year, angina-free status was reported by approximately three fourths of all surviving patients, regardless of initial success. However, compared with successful patients, unsuccessful patients underwent intervening bypass surgery (42% vs. 6%) to achieve asymptomatic status more frequently. Comparison of the 1-year event rates in the 1985-1986 registry with those in the 1977-1981 registry indicated reductions in all major untoward events. These reductions became apparent after controlling for the more extensive disease of the 1985-1986 registry patients. In contrast, use of repeat angioplasty has increased by 50%. We conclude that the improved initial results reported in the 1985-1986 registry cohort were maintained at 1-year follow-up.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1988

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 1985-1986 and 1977-1981. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Registry.

In August 1985, the Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute reopened at its previous sites to document changes in angioplasty strategy and outcome. The new registry entered 1802 consecutive patients who had not had a myocardial infarction in the 10 days before angioplasty. Patient selection, technical outcome, and short-term major complications were compared with those of the 1977 to 1981 registry cohort. The new-registry patients were older and had a significantly higher proportion of multivessel disease (53 vs. 25 percent, P less than 0.001), poor left ventricular function (19 vs. 8 percent, P less than 0.001), previous myocardial infarction (37 vs. 21 percent, P less than 0.001), and previous coronary bypass surgery (13 vs. 9 percent, P less than 0.01). The new-registry cohort also had more complex coronary lesions, and angioplasty attempts in these patients involved more multivessel procedures. Despite these differences, the in-hospital outcome in the new cohort was better. Angiographic success rates according to lesion increased from 67 to 88 percent (P less than 0.001), and overall success rates (measured as a reduction of at least 20 percent in all lesions attempted, without death, myocardial infarction, or coronary bypass surgery) increased from 61 to 78 percent (P less than 0.001). In-hospital mortality for the new cohort was 1 percent, and the nonfatal myocardial infarction rate was 4.3 percent. Both rates are similar to those for the old registry. The long-term efficacy of current angioplasty remains to be determined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Crestal ostectomy and lateral wall compression for management of the enlarged pneumatized tuberosity.

The crestal ostectomy with lateral antral wall compression is a simple, predictable procedure to correct soft tissue and osseous hypertrophy in the pneumatized maxillary tuberosity. It offers certain advantages over other techniques: 1) simultaneous reduction of vertical and lateral aspects of the hyperplastic tuberosity; 2) simultaneous revision of hypertrophic or mobile mucosal tissue overlying the tuberosity; 3) avoidance of a horizontal scar band in the buccal vestibule, which may subsequently interfere with the denture flange; 4) negligible effect on the depth of the buccal vestibule; 5) fixation wires are not required; 6) rapid healing of the osteotomy site, since there is intimate bony contact; 7) expedient initiation of denture fabrication is possible because the palatal aspect of the tuberosity is not mobilized; and 8) no surgical stent is necessary.

Alveolectomy↗
PubMed1983

Controlling the porosity and density of silicone rubber prosthetic materials.

The chemical components of the four silicone rubber polymers were reviewed. Methods of controlling the porosity and density of both the one-component semisolid prepolymer and the two-component fluid prepolymer systems were evaluated. The variables examined were deairing of the fluid systems; trial packing, pressure sealing, and processing of the semisolid materials; injection versus hand packing of the mold; the effects of moist-heat versus dry-heat application during processing; and the need for investment of the mold within the confines of a closed flask. It can be concluded that porosity of medical-grade silicone rubber polymers may be totally prevented, or accurately controlled, by proper handling techniques.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

Complications associated with skin graft vestibuloplasty. Experiences with 100 cases.

The mandibular skin graft vestibuloplasty with lowering of the floor of the mouth is a relatively complex surgical procedure and can be accompanied by a large number of diverse complications. In our experience, these have ranged from minor inconveniences to a life-threatening emergency. Most could be easily prevented or simply managed. The complications encountered in a series of 100 consecutive skin graft vestibuloplasties are presented and discussed.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1982

Tissue reaction to prosthetic obturator materials.

Two materials are currently used for construction of obturators to restore function when major maxillary defects are present: poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(dimethyl siloxane). The advantages and disadvantages of the materials are examined and the physiologic response of the involved tissues is studied. Palatectomies were performed on primates and poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(dimethyl siloxane) obturators were placed contacting antral and nasal mucosa. Serial biopsies and clinical evaluations revealed comparable histologic responses to both materials. Poly(dimethyl siloxane) exhibited a more favorable clinical tissue response than poly(methyl methacrylate).

Animals↗