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Biomedical subjects

K Khan

Publications and source records attributed to K Khan.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Treatment of stages B3 and C seminoma with chemotherapy followed by irradiation therapy. Southwest Oncology Group Study.

Beginning in 1981, 28 patients with advanced seminoma were treated with combination chemotherapy followed by irradiation to evaluate the possibility of improved survival using both modalities. The treatment protocol consisted of two courses of vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide followed by reassessment. Those initially presenting with Stage B3 disease who achieved a complete response to two cycles of chemotherapy then underwent irradiation. All others were given a third course of chemotherapy before undergoing irradiation. The pre-radiation portion of this protocol produced a complete response rate of only 25 percent, substantially less than other, more recent, protocols. Radiation therapy produced a complete response in 69 percent of those who did not achieve a complete response from chemotherapy, increasing the complete response rate from 25 percent to 64 percent. Given this response rate to radiation therapy and the difficulty of dissection and associated morbidity with the surgical excision of postchemotherapy residual masses, the best option at this time may be observation with salvage chemotherapy and/or radiation reserved for those with disease progression.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Transperineal percutaneous iridium-192 interstitial template implant of the prostate: results and complications in 321 patients.

A total of 321 patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by modified pelvic lymphadenectomy, Iridium-192 implant, and external beam iridium radiation were retrospectively reviewed. Analysis covered 8 years between 1981 and 1989 with a median population age of 72 (range 42 through 82 years). Disease-free survival for the entire group is 69% at 5 years with a median follow-up of 34 months (range 1.5 months to 98.5 months). As expected, both bulkier disease and positive nodal status adversely affected 5-year disease-free survival (p = 0.0001 for both). For tumors stage T1b (A2), T2a (B1), T2b (B2), T3 (C) the disease-free survival is 89.5%, 89.9%, 64.7%, and 48.8%, respectively; for NO disease 5-year disease-free survival is 76.5% versus N1/N2 disease with 5-year disease-free survival of 33.2%. Local control was excellent except for bulkier disease (p = 0.009). Tumors T1b, T2a, T2b, and T3 have 60-month local control rates of 95%, 93%, 83.6%, and 73.1%, respectively. Histologic grade also affected disease-free survival and local control with grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 showing 81.2%, 65.7%, and 45.1% disease-free survival at 5 years; and 93.6%, 82.2%, and 72.4% local control at 5 years. Estimates obtained using Kaplan-Meier method. Radiation induced morbidity was analyzed separately for all patients, there were 41 patients (13% of total) with 54 documented complications. There were no Grade 4 or 5 complications as per RTOG categories. Only 3 cases showed grade 3 complications (1%) and 51 cases showed grade 2 complications (15.9%). Grade 1 complications were not recorded. Of the grade 2 and grade 3 complications 30 were GU and 22 were rectal. The morbidity associated with combined interstitial implantation by transperineal percutaneous template and external beam iridium radiation for the localized prostate cancer is minimal with excellent local control and disease-free survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Amino acid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo.

1. Arteriovenous differences for alanine, glutamate and glutamine were measured across subcutaneous adipose tissue and forearm muscle in normal subjects. 2. After an overnight fast, adipose tissue showed net production of alanine and glutamine and uptake of glutamate in each of 11 subjects. 3. In seven subjects, adipose tissue blood flow was measured and the measurements were continued for 6 h after eating a mixed meal. The pattern of amino acid metabolism across the adipose tissue was remarkably little disturbed after the meal, except for a short period of apparent uptake of alanine as the concentration of that amino acid rose. 4. The pattern of amino acid metabolism across adipose tissue was qualitatively similar to that across the forearm, although it differed quantitatively in that glutamate uptake was more prominent (compared with glutamine release) in the adipose tissue. 5. The rates of alanine and glutamine release observed suggest that adipose tissue may play a substantial role in the whole-body production of these amino acids.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

The difficult ankle.

Ankle sprains are extremely common in sport and usually respond to conservative management, but many apparent ankle sprains do not respond to treatment and remain painful. Alternative diagnoses must be considered. These require careful clinical assessment and often further investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Quantifying intermediary metabolites in whole blood after a simple deproteinization step with sulfosalicylic acid.

We assessed the reproducibility, recovery, and stability of several circulating metabolites--glucose, pyruvate, lactate, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and glycerol--in the presence of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), which was used to deproteinize blood. The assays, which involved reactions linked to NADH/NAD+, were carried out at 37 degrees C and measured at 355 nm with a Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer. The intra- and interbatch CVs were less than 2.1%, except for the interbatch CV for 3-hydroxybutyrate at low concentration (15-30 mumol/L), which was 5.4%. Analytical recovery of metabolites added to blood ranged from 96.4% to 103.0%. Of the metabolites studied, all were stable at -20 degrees C for 90 days in the SSA-blood extract, except for glutamine and acetoacetate, which progressively decreased with time. We conclude that these nine circulating metabolites can be satisfactorily measured after a single deproteinizing step with SSA. This single-step procedure has several advantages over many of the currently used methods.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Ketone body metabolism in lean male adults during short-term starvation, with particular reference to forearm muscle metabolism.

1. Thirty-three arteriovenous forearm catheterization studies were carried out in 19 lean subjects starving for 12-14 h (n = 13), 30-36 h (n = 7) and 60-66 h (n = 13). Forearm blood flow was measured in order to calculate the flux of various substrates. At the same time, whole-body oxidation of fat, carbohydrate and protein was calculated using indirect calorimetry and urinary nitrogen excretion. 2. After an overnight fast (12-14 h), whole-body resting energy expenditure was accounted for by the oxidation of protein (15%), carbohydrate (17%) and fat (68%). At 30-36 h and 60-66 h of starvation, essentially all the non-protein energy was derived from the oxidation of fat (directly plus indirectly via ketone bodies). 3. After an overnight fast, acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were taken up by forearm muscle at a rate which could account for 5% of the resting O2 consumption of this tissue. As starvation progressed, forearm muscle took up more acetoacetate and released 3-hydroxybutyrate so that the net uptake of ketone bodies was sufficient to account for about 10% of the resting O2 consumption at 30-36 h of starvation and about 20% at 60-66 h of starvation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1988

Urinary albumin excretion in healthy adult subjects: reference values and some factors affecting their interpretation.

A conventional radioimmunoassay has been used to measure urinary albumin concentration in overnight, recumbent and daytime, ambulant samples from 127 healthy, normotensive volunteers (mean age 33.3 yr SD 12.4; 59 males, 68 females). Reference values were obtained for urine albumin concentration (mg/l), albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/mmol), and albumin excretion rate (microgram/min). The frequency distributions of these variables were positively skewed, but became Gaussian on logarithmic transformation of the data. Albumin excretion was significantly higher in daytime, ambulant samples than in overnight, recumbent samples (p less than 0.001). Surface area was not correlated with urine albumin concentration but it was negatively correlated with urine albumin/creatinine ratio (p less than 0.05) due to the association between surface area and creatinine excretion. Urine albumin concentration was negatively correlated with age, but this was due to a higher urine flow rate in older subjects. There was no significant association with sex or with mean arterial blood pressure in the normal range. Two repeated measurements showed that variability was high and comparable for urine albumin concentration, albumin/creatinine ratio and albumin excretion rate: it was not significantly less in overnight, recumbent than in day-time, ambulant samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Gray-scale ultrasonography in the evaluation of neoplastic invasion of the base of the tongue.

Patients with primary carcinoma of the base of the tongue or direct invasion from contiguous areas were examined clinically and with ultrasound, and in some cases with computed tomography (CT), xerography, and polytomography. In all cases, multiple biopsy specimens were obtained. Utrasonography was better than the other imaging methods in delineating disease extent in the tongue itself, while CT and tomography were more useful in evaluating the retropharyngeal and lateral pharyngeal regions. It is suggested that ultrasound be used in the initial evaluation of such patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal parasites in University of Dacca students.

Nine hundred and thirty three students of Dacca University were examined: mean haemoglobin levels were 80.5 per cent for men and 70.0 per cent for women. Five hundred and thirty three (57.3%) of the students had single or multiple intestinal parasitic infections, of which Ascaris lumbricoides (366), Entamoeba histolytica (113) and Trichuris trichiura (99) were the commonest. It is suggested that chronic nutritional deficiencies are compounded by these parasites, leading to low weights, and low haemoglobins.

Adolescent↗