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Biomedical subjects

K Kinsella

Publications and source records attributed to K Kinsella.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Urban and rural dimensions of global population aging: an overview.

In keeping with the worldwide pattern of increased urbanization, the elderly population has become more concentrated in urban areas during the past 50 years. In developed countries as a whole, an estimated 73 percent of people aged 65 or over lived in urban areas in 1990, a figure that is projected to reach 80 percent by the year 2015. In developing nations, which are still predominantly rural, just over one-third of people aged 65 or over lived in urban areas in 1990, projected to exceed one-half by 2015. This article provides an overview of global data on urban elders, examines extant data on gender balances and migration patterns, and considers the importance of subnational urban/rural differences and whether rural elderly are disadvantaged relative to their urban counterparts.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Donor immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB)-conjugate vaccine in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Bone marrow transplant patients are at increased risk for infections with polysaccharide encapsulated organisms and respond poorly to polysaccharide vaccines. We evaluated the effect of donor immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) polysaccharide-conjugate vaccine on recipient antibody responses following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Thirty-two allogeneic transplant patients and their donors were immunized before transplantation with HIB-conjugate, tetanus toxoid and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines. Following transplantation, patients received HIB-conjugate and tetanus toxoid vaccines at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine at 12 and 24 months. Thirty-three patients with unimmunized donors were immunized following transplantation in an identical manner. Patients whose donors were immunized had significantly higher total anti-HIB antibody concentrations at 3 months (P = .0001), 6 months (P = .0001), 12 months (P = .0001), and 24 months (P = .002) after transplant compared with patients whose donors were unimmunized. Higher antitetanus toxoid antibody concentrations were also noted in patients with immunized donors, whereas donor immunization with pneumococcal vaccine had no effect on antibody concentrations following transplantation. Donor immunization with HIB-conjugate vaccine resulted in higher antibody concentrations in patients as early as 3 months after allogeneic transplantation and may be an effective strategy to prevent HIB infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Antibody responses to polysaccharide and polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines after treatment of Hodgkin disease.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the immunogenicity of polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines with that of polysaccharide vaccines in patients previously treated for Hodgkin disease. DESIGN: All patients were immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB)-conjugate and 4-valent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Subgroups of patients were randomly assigned to receive either 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or a 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine that links seven pneumococcal serotypes to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis. PATIENTS: 144 patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin disease, which had been diagnosed at least 2 years before the study. MEASUREMENTS: Antigen-specific antibody concentrations before and 3 to 6 weeks after immunization; number of persons who achieved anti-HIB antibody concentrations considered to be in the protective range. RESULTS: The geometric mean anti-HIB antibody concentration increased from 1.79 micrograms/mL before immunization to 54.1 micrograms/mL after; the percentage of persons with antibody concentrations in the protective range increased from 62% before immunization to 99% after. Patients immunized with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine had a geometric mean pneumococcal antibody concentration after immunization (9.15 micrograms/mL) that was similar to that of healthy controls (10.0 micrograms/mL) for the seven serotypes measured. In contrast, patients who received 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine had a significantly lower mean response compared with patients who received 23-valent; their geometric mean antibody concentration after immunization was 4.95 micrograms/mL (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: A single dose of HIB-conjugate vaccine was immunogenic in patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin disease diagnosed at least 2 years before immunization. In addition, responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal and 4-valent meningococcal vaccines were equivalent to those seen in healthy controls. Finally, patients had a significantly lower response to a single dose of 7-valent pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine than to 23-valent vaccine.

Bacterial Capsules↗
PubMed1995

Demographic Imperative.

That we live in an aging world is now well recognized. The steady, sustained growth of elderly populations is posing a considerable challenge to policymakers and after the turn of the century the numbers and proportions of elderly will rise rapidly in most developed and many developing countries. The increased numbers of the oldest members of the elderly population will generate special concerns. The well-documented survival advantage of women over men may be tempered by the suggestion that men spend a greater portion of life in an active, nondisabled state than women. Cross-national demographic and epidemiologic data may be used for defining and sharpening national policies that address aging populations.

Journal Article↗