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Biomedical subjects

K Kirchner

Publications and source records attributed to K Kirchner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Demographic factors associated with dialysis technique failures among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

We evaluated factors that would predict a successful outcome on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We found that poverty, the need for a helper to carry out the dialysis, and physician allocation to therapy was associated with a poorer technique success. Neither age, education, marital status, sex, rural home, nor the presence of diabetes were important risk factors by themselves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Serial monitoring of T-cell subset ratios with monoclonal antibodies in steroid- and antithymocyte globulin-treated patients with renal allotransplants.

Sequential changes in T-cell subsets or their ratios were employed to predict severity of rejection crises and to identify those patients who might require future antirejection therapy. Forty-two percent of the transplant recipients had a pretransplant OKT4:8 ratio in the range of 1.3 +/- 0.5. By contrast, only 11% had a OKT4:8 ratio of 2.9 or greater. Examination of the entire study group demonstrated that the mean OKT4:8 ratios fell (P less than 0.01) in the first week following the transplant procedure. All patients had at least one episode of acute rejection. There was a marked increase (P less than 0.05) in the OKT4:8 ratio between the first week value and the value immediately preceding (within 3 days) the start of the rejection episode which was 2.64 +/- 0.27. The mean OKT4:8 ratio in the 15 patients leaving the hospital with a functioning transplant was 1.18 +/- 0.35. Three months post-transplant, the OKT4:8 ratio was 1.98 +/- 0.39 in the 12 patients with functioning allografts. This value was not different from those patients' initial pretransplant values. Clinically, the rejection episodes could be divided into two groups based on their response to intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. The first group (n = 9) had milder rejection crises which responded rapidly to administration of one course of methylprednisolone. The second group of patients (n = 9) were also treated initially with methylprednisolone, to which they did not respond, and subsequently received antithymocyte globulin in an attempt to control their ongoing rejection crises. Following the transplant procedure, the OKT4:8 ratio decreased in patients who were destined to have steroid-responsive rejection episodes (P less than 0.01). The OKT4:8 ratio however, failed to fall in those who required ATG for control of their transplant rejection episodes. The onset of rejection episodes was associated with an increase in OKT4:8 ratio in both groups. Following steroid administration, two patterns of OKT4:8 cell responses were observed. Those in whom renal function improved demonstrated a decline in OKT4:8 ratio from 2.4 +/- 0.4 to 1.4 +/- 0.4 (P less than 0.05). However, no change occurred in the OKT4:8 ratios with steroid therapy (2.6 to 2.4 +/- 0.33, P greater than 0.05) in individuals in whom the serum creatinine concentration failed to decline. The patients who failed to respond to steroid therapy were treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

This study was undertaken to ascertain whether 19 patients maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for at least 1 year experienced any deterioration in peritoneal membrane function. Selected serum chemistries and skinfold measurements were also evaluated to determine whether patients dialyzed by CAPD could maintain a normal nutritional status. This study demonstrates that patients maintained on CAPD had stable dialysate protein losses, glucose absorption from the dialysate, and constant urea, creatinine, and sodium removal. When these patients were subdivided by incidence of peritonitis, the group with a lower incidence of peritonitis (one episode every 349 +/- 155 SEM days) showed stable serum protein concentration and improvement in upper arm area whereas the group with a high incidence of peritonitis (one episode every 95 +/- 7 SEM days) showed a reduction in upper arm muscle area. Thus, our data suggest that over a 1-year period, there is no deterioration in peritoneal membrane characteristics and CAPD is effective in maintaining the nutritional status of the patient. However, both membrane function and nutritional status may be impaired by frequent episodes of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of stagnant fluid films during simulated peritoneal dialysis: in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

Peritoneal dialysis as conventionally performed is an intermittent low dialysate flow system. Few studies have explored the effects of the intermittent nature of dialysate flow. Using an in-vitro model, we demonstrated that conventional peritoneal dialysis permits the development of stagnant fluid films and that by disruption of these films, dialysance could be augmented. We tested and confirmed these observations by carrying out peritoneal dialysis in rats. Stagnant fluid films may be an important contributor to overall membrane resistance in the peritoneal dialysis system

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Metabolism and hematology studies of intensively raised fattened lambs under various feeding and management conditions. 1. The effect of various feeding methods on the blood picture, serum mineral and bilirubin concentration, and vitamin A concentration in the liver].

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and bilirubin content, blood picture and liver vitamin A were determined in six groups of lambs fattened on different rations, in comparison with a control group. The results are presented in graphs and tables. There was no clear difference between the various groups, in the criteria examined.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

[Metabolism and hematology studies of intensively raised fattened lambs under various feeding and management conditions. 2. The effect of various management methods on the blood picture, serum mineral and bilirubin concentration and vitamin A concentration in the liver].

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and bilirubin content, blood picture and liver vitamin A were studied in four groups of intensively fattened lambs kept under different conditions of management, in comparison with a control group. Results are shown in graphs and tables, Group-specific differences were found in some of the parameters examined: - Ca, P, erythrocytes, leucocytes, vitamin A.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

[Metabolism and hematology studies of intensively raised fattened lambs under various feeding and management conditions. 3. The effect of weaning age under various management conditions on the blood picture, serum mineral and bilirubin concentration and vitamin A concentration in the liver].

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and bilirubin, blood picture and liver vitamin A were studied in six groups of lambs weaned at various ages and fattened under four types of management, in comparison with a control group. Results are shown in graphs and tables, with a comparison with conventionally fattened lambs. Age at weaning had no demonstrable effect on the parameters investigated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Determination of methyl parathion (0.0-dimethyl-(p-nitrophenyl)-thiophosphoric acid ester) and metabolites in animal material and in feed].

A new thin-layer chromatography method was developed to detect parathion-methyl (0.0-dimethyl-0-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) and its metabolite methyl-paraoxon and the degradation produce p-nitrophenol in samples of animal and plant origin. Coupling with Bratton-Marshall reagent, as used in colorimetry, was employed to detect the compounds on the chromatography plate. Pretreatment of the samples was simplified by preparing a crude extract and separating unwanted substances from the pesticide compounds by thin-layer chromatography.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[TAS method for the detection of methyl parathion (0.0-dimethyl-(p-nitrophenyl)-thiophosphoric acid ester) and various transformation products in organic materials].

A simplified TAS method was used to determine parathion-methyl (0.0-dimethyl-0-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), methyl-paraoxon and p-nitrophenol in samples of animal origin and in foodstuffs. These substances were isolated by thermomicropartition in the TAS oven, with immediate uptake of the condensate on thin-layer plates. Identifications was done directly from the sample or from the residue of a crude extract. After partition by thin-layer chromatography, the compounds were rendered visible by coupling with suitable amines. By means of the TAS method it was possible to detect 2-4 ppm parathion-methyl and methyl-paraoxon, or 3-4 ppm p-nitrophenol directly from samples, or 0,05-0.10 ppm of the first two compounds and 0.1-0.5 ppm of p-nitrophenol in the residue of extracts.

Animals↗