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Biomedical subjects

K Koishi

Publications and source records attributed to K Koishi.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

MyoD protein accumulates in satellite cells and is neurally regulated in regenerating myotubes and skeletal muscle fibers.

MyoD belongs to a family of helix-loop-helix proteins that control myogenic differentiation. Transfection of various non-myogenic cell lines with MyoD transforms them into myogenic cells. In normal embryonic development MyoD is upregulated at the time when the hypaxial musculature begins to form, but its role in the function of adult muscle remains to be elucidated. In this study we examined the cellular locations of MyoD protein in normal and abnormal muscles to see whether the presence of MyoD protein is correlated with a particular cellular behaviour and to assess the usefulness of MyoD as a marker for satellite cells. Adult rats were anaesthetised and their tibialis anterior or soleus muscles either denervated, tenotomised, freeze lesioned, lesioned and denervated, or lesioned and tenotomised. At various intervals after the operations the rats were killed and their muscles removed, snap frozen, and sectioned with a cryostat along with muscles from unoperated neonatal and adult rats. The sections were processed for immunohistochemistry using a rabbit affinity-purified antibody to recombinant MyoD. MyoD proved to be an excellent marker for active satellite cells; satellite cells in neonatal and regenerating muscles contained high levels of MyoD protein. MyoD positive cells were not observed in the muscles of old adults, in which the satellite cells are fully quiescent. MyoD immunoreactivity was rapidly lost from satellite cell nuclei after they fused into myotubes and was not detected in either sub-synaptic or non-synaptic nuclei of mature fibers. Denervation, and to a lesser extent tenotomy, of lesioned muscles induced expression of MyoD in myotubal nuclei. Denervation of normal muscles also upregulated MyoD in muscle fiber nuclei, an effect which was maximal after 3 days. We conclude that MyoD protein is neurally regulated in both myotubes and muscle fibers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to sonographic endometrial appearance.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate a possible relationship between the endometrial concentrations of oestrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR), and the sonographic appearance of human endometrium. Sonographic assessments and aspirations of the endometrium at the time of or prior to ovulation were made in 48 cycles of 45 infertile women. Endometrial patterns were classified as A, triple line pattern, or B, not triple line, on the basis of echogenicity. We did not find a correlation between ER or PR and serum oestradiol or endometrial thickness. Furthermore, serum oestradiol concentrations were not correlated with endometrial pattern or thickness. The only significant correlations were found between the concentrations of ER and PR in the pattern A endometrium (r = 0.80, P < 0.01) and in the pattern B endometrium (r = 0.49, P < 0.05). There were no differences in the mean concentrations of ER and PR despite differences in endometrial pattern and thickness. However, PR was measured at > 800 fmol/mg protein in 12 out of 38 pattern A endometria, while PR was < 800 fmol/mg protein in all pattern B endometria. These data suggest that high PR expression in the pre-ovulatory period is related to an adequate endometrial growth and thereby increases the responsiveness of the endometrium to progesterone stimulation after ovulation.

Buserelin↗
PubMed1995

[Hepatic arterial infusion therapy for gastric liver metastasis using implanted reservoir].

Gastric liver metastasis is a fatal disease, and there is no golden standard as to its therapeutic mode. We experienced 58 such cases. Liver resections were performed in six cases (Group 1). Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy, with 500 mg 5-FU and 100 mg of carboplatin as one shot weekly, was performed in fifteen cases (Group 2). The 50% survival was 656 days for Group 1, and 565 days for Group 2. Another nine cases, implanted with arterial catheter and reservoir did not qualify for HAI due to subsequent extra-hepatic spread of the disease (Group 3). For the rest of the patients (Group 4, n = 28), HAI could not be applied, due to existing extrahepatic spread of gastric cancer, which exhausted these patients. The 50% survival was 104 days and 93 days for Group 3 and Group 4, respectively. HAI therapy showed considerably improved survival for gastric liver metastasis. However, its indication needs to be clarified further.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Transforming growth factor-beta-2 (TGF-beta 2) is associated with mature rat neuromuscular junctions.

The localisation of transforming growth factor-beta-2 (TGF-beta 2) in skeletal muscles was investigated with immunohistochemistry. In neonates, TGF-beta 2 was distributed throughout the muscle fibres but as the fibres matured TGF-beta 2 became restricted to the circumference of a small subpopulation of nuclei. These nuclei were judged to be the subsynaptic nuclei as they lay beneath the plasmalemma and were associated with alpha-bungarotoxin-labelled neuromuscular junctions. These observations point to TGF-beta 2 being either a trophic factor for mature motoneurones or an autocrine regulator of synaptic protein production.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Antiestrogenic effects of danazol on rabbit uterus.

To examine antiestrogenic effects of danazol through the receptor system and to clarify its direct effects on the endometrium in vivo, we applied danazol jelly directly into the rabbit uterine cavity and measured uterine estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors (ER, PR and AR, respectively). Danazol significantly reduced ER, PR and AR (p < 0.05). Treatment with receptor-blocking agents (RU 486 and oxendolone) showed that the decrease in the ER level showed a closer association with that in PR than with AR. These results indicate that danazol directly administered into the uterine cavity is absorbed by the endometrial tissue and exerts its antiestrogenic effects possibly through PR in the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Immunohistochemical determination of endometrial progesterone receptor (PR) content after intrauterine infusion of danazol in rabbits].

Danazol, an isoxazole derivative of 17 alpha-ethinyl-testosterone, has various effects on the female reproductive system. To examine its anti-estrogenic effects through the receptor system and clarify its direct effect on the endometrium in vivo, we applied danazol jelly into the rabbit uterine cavity. Recent studies performed in our laboratory using the ligand-binding assay have shown that danazol administered directly into the uterine cavity is absorbed by the endometrial tissue and exerts its anti-estrogenic effects possibly through progesterone receptors (PR) in the cells. In the present study we examined the variations in endometrial PR content during 7 days after the intrauterine administration of danazol into the rabbit uterine cavity. Immature female white rabbits were used. They were given daily subcutaneous injections of estradiol-17 beta (E2) for 3 days after which their abdomens were opened, and danazol gel was infused into the lumen of the right horn and HPC-jelly was infused into the lumen of the left horn, as the control. Thereafter and until they were killed, the same daily dose of E2 was injected. They were killed 6h, 24h, 3 days, 5 days or 7 days after intrauterine infusion of danazol and PRs were studied immunohistochemically using a specific antireceptor monoclonal antibody (PR-AT 4.14). Six hours after danazol infusion, the PR staining in the glandular epithelium and part of the stroma surrounding the epithelium had declined. On day 3, PR staining declined to its lowest level in the glandular epithelium and stroma. On Day 5, PR staining had been restored in the glandular epithelium but stayed low in the stroma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Power spectrum of experimental gas embolism in dogs and a new device for its detection].

We studied the power spectrum of precordial Doppler sounds during experimental CO2 and air embolism and developed a new device for detection (intravascular gas detector) and examined its usefulness in experimental CO2 and air embolism in dogs and in a patient during laparoscopic surgery. We did digital tape recordings during CO2 and air embolism in seven anesthetized mongrel dogs (7-16 kg body) to generate power spectrum of the heart sound on a dynamic signal analyzer. The power spectrum of "mill-wheel murmur" was found to be 10-30 dB higher than the baseline heart sound in the range of 200 and 2500 Hz. The intravascular gas detector was designed to set off alarm sounds whenever the difference of energy between the Doppler sounds low-pass filtered at 250 Hz and the Doppler sounds high-pass filtered at 250 Hz was increased. The alarm was activated immediately during experimental CO2 and air embolism and also during laparoscopic appendectomy. The alarm sounds during the appendectomy coincided with gas bubbles detected by a transesophageal echocardiography. By use of this detector, CO2 and air embolism can be easily detected and the anesthesiologist does not need to pay continuous attention to Doppler sounds by diverting his or her concentration on the patient.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Studies on antimicrobial concentrations of flomoxef in serum, pelvic dead space exudate, and pelvic organs/tissues].

To women undergoing radical and total hysterectomy, flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) in a dose of 2 g was administered by intravenous drip infusion over 1 hour and drug concentrations in serum and pelvic dead space exudate as well as pelvic organs/tissues were determined over time. The following results were obtained: 1. Serum concentrations of FMOX after intravenous infusion showed the peak value of 92.86 +/- 17.05 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion and then gradually decreased to 29.00 +/- 10.49 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 1.16 +/- 1.08 micrograms/ml in 6 hours. 2. Concentrations in pelvic dead space exudate, which were 6.54 +/- 3.21 micrograms/ml at the end of intravenous infusion, gradually increased to 31.28 +/- 12.69 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes, and the peak of 35.21 +/- 13.29 micrograms/ml in 1 hour. Exudate concentrations gradually decreased to 11.10 +/- 6.64 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after infusion. 3. The serum concentration at the ligature of uterine artery was 103.21 +/- 51.69 micrograms/ml. Among concentrations in pelvic organ/tissues 37.17 +/- 18.20 micrograms/ml in uterine cervix was the highest, followed by 35.77 +/- 7.68 micrograms/g in portio vaginalis, 26.35 +/- 14.15 micrograms/g in tube, 21.62 +/- 12.15 micrograms/g in ovary, 20.56 +/- 9.82 micrograms/g in myometrium, and 16.45 +/- 8.10 micrograms/g in endometrium, in this order. 4. From an analysis of the two-compartment model, the maximum serum concentration was 92.81 micrograms/ml, which was very high. The time of 50% reduction of concentration in beta phase was 1.21 hours. In the pelvic dead space exudate, the maximum concentration was 32.38 micrograms/ml and the time of 50% reduction was 2.44 hours. The AUC was 147 micrograms.hr/ml in serum and 201 micrograms.hr/ml in the pelvic dead space. The shift to the pelvic dead space was 137% when AUC's were used as the basis of the comparison. 5. Clinically, FMOX was excellently effective against adnexitis caused by Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, intrauterine infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, cystitis caused by Klebsiella and Escherichia coli, vaginal stump infection caused by Streptococcus and E. coli and many other infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Anaesthetic considerations in the Prader-Willi syndrome: report of four cases.

The anaesthetic management of four paediatric patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome is reported. The syndrome is characterized by obesity, mental retardation, genital hypoplasia, hypotonia, and diabetes mellitus. All patients were anaesthetized with halothane. Succinylcholine or pancuronium were used for muscle relaxation, without evidence of abnormal response. Common anaesthetic difficulties in this syndrome are obesity, hypotonia, disturbance in thermoregulation, arrhythmias, diabetes mellitus and convulsions.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗