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Biomedical subjects

K Kolstad

Publications and source records attributed to K Kolstad.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Isometric muscle strength and endurance after knee arthroplasty with the modular knee in patients with osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Maximum isometric muscle strength and endurance were used in an investigation of knee extension and knee flexion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthrosis (OA) with such severe changes of the joint that arthroplasty with the Modular prosthesis was performed. The measurements were done preoperatively and 3, 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively. Muscle strength preoperatively was very weak compared with that of a group of healthy persons. The muscle strength 3 months postoperatively remained unchanged, which could mean a very slight trauma from the operation, very good pain relief and efficient physiotherapy. During the first 2 years the maximum isometric muscle strength was significantly increased both in patients with RA and in those with OA. Thereafter there was no increase in the RA patients, whereas in women with OA there was an improvement up to 3 years postoperatively. The improvement in the flexion strength was greater than that of the extension strength, thus indicating the importance of postoperative training of extension strength. Isometric muscle strength measurements show that there is an equalization between the non-diseased knee and the one operated with the Modular knee.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Isometric strength and endurance in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthrosis in the knee joints. A comparative study in healthy men and women.

Maximum isometric muscle strength on extension and flexion of the knee joints and endurance on extension has been studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthrosis (OA), with such severe degeneration of the knees that arthroplasty was indicated. This material was compared with a group of healthy volunteers. The reduction in muscle strength was most pronounced in the RA group, which had 30-45% of the strength of the healthy volunteers. In the OA group the strength, similarly compared, was 55-70%. The difference is explained by the effect of the rheumatic disease on the muscles. The results indicate that in therapeutic measures due to trauma or in joint surgery, methods that contribute to a further decrease in muscle strength, e.g. immobilization with casts, bandages, or traction treatment, should be avoided.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Marmor knee arthroplasty. Clinical results and complications during an observation period of at least 3 years.

During the period October 1975--June 1977, Marmor arthroplasties were performed on 70 knees, 52 of which had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 18 osteoarthritis (OA). These patients were followed up in a prospective study. Following arthroplasty, all knees in this material showed primary improvement with respect to pain, walking ability, stability, and extension deficit. The pain in the contralateral knees was studied postoperatively and within 1 year 9 out of 25 RA knees and 6 out of 10 OA knees showed a spontaneous improvement amounting to at least two steps on the pain scale. Four patients died in the course of the observation period and none of them suffered from knee pain. The late complications of the arthroplasties have been analysed separately. During the observation period, which now averages 45 months (36--55), five knees in the RA group and one in the OA group deteriorated to such an extent as to call for reoperation. Of the remaining 60 knee joints 57 have only initial pain or no pain at all, and the other three knees have pain only after physical efforts.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Gait analysis with an angle diagram technique: application in healthy persons and in studies of Marmor knee arthroplasties.

Normal step dimension data were obtained from six healthy subjects by recording step length and step frequency at different walking speeds. In addition, an externally applied goniometer system was used to measure the sagittal knee and hip joint movements in eleven persons with healthy joints. The movements were recorded on an oscilloscope in the form of a so-called angle diagram during walking. In seven patients undergoing Marmor knee arthroplasty the same gait analysis as in the healthy subjects was performed before and after operation. The results were compared by a clinical scoring system for pain and walking ability and by measurement of passive knee mobility and passive extension deficit. The angle diagram permitted recording of functional sagittal mobility and functional extension deficit during walking. The functional knee mobility during walking was found to be pain-dependent; thus increasing pain is accompanied by a gradual decrease in functional mobility despite good passive knee joint motion. In several patients the functional extension deficit during walking was increased compared with the extension deficit on passive movement. The clinical improvements after knee arthroplasty corresponded very well to the increased functional knee mobility during walking measured on the angle diagram.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Extension deficit and lateral instability in degenerative disease of the knee.

During the period October 1975-June 1977, 70 Marmor knee arthroplasties were performed. The operative procedure provided a good opportunity to study the anatomical conditions in vivo. The causes of extension deficit and lateral instability of the knees were analysed in a prospective investigation. Thirty-seven out of 69 knees had an extension deficit exceeding 10 degrees preoperatively. At operation a bony impediment to extension was found in 32 of these 37 knees, and by removal of this obstruction the extension deficit was relieved in 31 of the knees. At radiography a bony impediment was demonstrated preoperatively as a cause of an extension deficit in 29 of the 32 knees. No false positive diagnosis was made radiographyically. Varus or valgus instability exceeding 5 degrees was observed preoperatively in 42 of the the 70 knees. Lateral stability was achieved in all knees at operation by compensating for the intra-articular loss of cartilage and bone with the Marmor module system. Macroscopically intact collateral ligaments were found in all knee joints even in those severely affected by rheumatoid arthritis. All knees except three showed lateral stability 1 year postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Adamantinoma tibiae.

A case with characteristic roentgenographic and microscopic findings of adamantinoma tibiae is reported. Knee disarticulation with early ambulation is the treatment of choice and was performed on this patient. Limb ablation followed by Unna Paste Bandage to prevent oedema and permit early prosthetic fitting facilitates rehabilitation. The 1 year follow-up showed excellent prosthetic function and no evidence of residual tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Systemic reactions to tourniquet ischaemia.

In 15 patients, mean age 60 years, undergoing knee arthroplasty under lumbar epidural analgesia, changes in ECG, blood pressure, blood gases, serum potassium, acid-base status and serum creatine-phosphokinase were studied following release of a tourniquet applied for 70-135 min. During and after the ischaemia, the skin temperature of the leg operated on was monitored. Although dextran-70 was rapidly infused following tourniquet release, the blood pressure decreased significantly, due to a reduction in peripheral resistance. There were no signs of myocardial or pulmonary disturbances. Serum potassium in arterial blood increased significantly and reached a peak 3 min after tourniquet release. There was a tendency to metabolic acidosis, most pronounced after 3 min and caused by local lactate production. The skin temperature of the ischaemic leg fell progressively, which, combined with muscular relaxation, indicates a low metabolic rate. There was no evidence of local ischaemic muscular injury. It is concluded that the systemic changes after interruption of up to 2 h of tourniquet ischaemia are moderate and reversible, even in the elderly.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1978

Formation of new menisci after polycentric knee arthroplasty. Report of four cases, one with a bucket handle tear.

This paper presents four patients with polycentric artificial knee joints in whom reoperation revealed new menisci interposed between the artificial joint surfaces. One of the menisci had a bucket handle tear and was excised. Histological examination showed a fibrocartilage structure with the appearance of a newly formed meniscus. The artificial knees functioned well and the reoperations were performed because of trauma in one patient, because of femoro-patellar problems in one knee, and for conversion of a hemi-arthroplasty to an arthroplasty including all the compartments of the knee joint in two patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Objective evaluation of knee laxity in children.

This study was designed to measure objectively knee laxity in children. Physical examination and the KT 1000 arthrometer were used to test the knee laxity of 150 healthy, uninjured children between 6 and 18 years of age. Data from the knee examinations and the KT 1000 measurements were compared and statistically analyzed to determine the change in knee laxity with age, laxity differences between boys and girls, and the correlation between the KT1000 measurements and subjective tests for laxity described by Carter and Wilkinson. There was no statistical difference in knee laxity between boys and girls of similar ages. We found that knee laxity, determined by measuring the millimeters of tibial translation using the KT 1000 arthrometer, was significantly greater in younger children.

Adolescent↗