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Biomedical subjects

K Kothari

Publications and source records attributed to K Kothari.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

188Re-labeled hydroxyapatite particles for radiation synovectomy.

A new procedure for labeling hydroxyapatite (HA) particles with 188Re for radiation synovectomy is described and standardized. The particles were labeled with 188Re in high yields (99%) in acidic medium. HA particle size remained unaffected by reaction conditions as checked by laser diffraction particle analyzer. 188Re-HA was found to be stable retaining 99% radiochemical purity after 4 days when stored in ascorbic acid solution (10mg/ml, pH 5). Intra-articular injection in rats revealed approximately 98% retention of 188Re-HA in the knee after 48-h pi.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

High-performance implementation and analysis of the Linkmap program.

Linkage analysis uses information from family pedigrees to map genes and locate disease genes on particular chromosomes. A recombination fraction denoted as theta is estimated as a measure of crossing over between two loci. Genetic linkage calculations are very time-consuming particularly for large family pedigrees, a large number of theta values, and an increased number of markers. This paper reports the implementation of a dynamic master-slave scheme for the parallelization of the Linkmap program on a high-performance cluster such as the Origin 2000 (O2K) consisting of 56 R12000 processors. The Linkmap program is one of four programs in the LINKAGE/FASTLINK legacy package widely used by the medical research community. Implementations issues are addressed and results are compared with previous results on a cluster of DEC Alphas, and with the sequential execution on the O2K machine.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2001

Rupture of a radial keratotomy incision after 11 years during clear corneal phacoemulsification.

We report a case of rupture of a radial keratotomy (RK) incision that occurred during clear corneal phacoemulsification 11 years after the initial surgery. The RK was done in both eyes for correction of high myopia (>8.0 diopters). This was followed by 2 enhancement procedures at 6 month intervals. The patient presented with diminished vision in both eyes. The diagnosis was nuclear cataract in the right eye, and clear corneal phacoemulsification was done. The intraoperative and postoperative courses were uneventful. Nine months later, clear corneal temporal phacoemulsification was done in the left eye. During surgery, 1 of the radial incisions opened to one third its length. The wound was sutured, and the procedure was completed uneventfully. One month later, best corrected visual acuity was 20/20.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Tc-99m and Re-186 complexes of tetraphosphonate ligands and their biodistribution pattern in animal models.

The syntheses of four alpha-aminomethyl phosphonates and their complexation studies with (99m)Tc and (186/188)Re are reported. Complexation conditions were standardized to give maximum yields, which ranged from 90-97%. The yields of complexation were estimated by paper chromatography. The (99m)Tc complexes were stable for more than 4 h, while the (186/188)Re complexes were stable for 3-8 days when stored at 4 degrees C. Biodistribution of these complexes in Wistar rats were carried out, and the uptake in bone and other soft tissue are detailed. Bone uptake of the (99m)Tc complexes varied from 40-60% at 30 min postinjection depending on the ligands. The uptake in soft tissue was minimum with all the complexes. A comparison of the biodistribution studies of the (99m)Tc complexes with that of the well-established radiopharmaceutical (99m)Tc-MDP was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of the radiopharmaceutical preparation with the complexes of these ligands. The bone uptake of the (186/188)Re complexes varied from 19-28% corresponding to 1.6-3% per g at 3 h postinjection. The residual activity in both (99m)Tc and (186/188)Re complexes showed renal clearance.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

186Re-1,4,8,11-tetraaza cyclotetradecyl-1,4,8,11-tetramethylene phosphonic acid: a novel agent for possible use in metastatic bone-pain palliation.

In connection with our work on the development of 186Re-tetra-phosphonates with optimum properties for use in bone pain palliation, a novel cyclic tetraphosphonate derivative, has been synthesized, complexed with 186Re and evaluated with promising results. The ligand, which consists of a cyclic array of tetra-aminomethylphosphonate groups, was synthesized using orthophosphorus acid, 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and formaldehyde. The labeling conditions with 186Re have been standardized under varying reaction conditions to give maximum yield. In a reaction volume of 1 mL, maximum complexation yield of 98% was observed at pH 2 using 0.1 mg Re (37-370 MBq) for a ligand concentration at 9 x 10(-2) M/L, under heating at 100 degrees C for 30 min with 2 mg of stannous chloride. The complex was found to be stable for 6 days with RC purity remaining approximately 97%. The complex was characterized by paper chromatography in saline and acetone, wherein the R(f) exhibited were 0.9 and 0, respectively. Biodistribution studies of the complex were performed in male Wistar rats. Activity in femur which was observed to be 1.8%/g (equivalent to about 23% of the injected activity in skeleton) at 3 h post injection remained almost constant up to 48 h. Minimum activity was observed in blood and other soft tissues. The complex showed major renal clearance. Scintigraphic images in rabbits after injecting 70-100 MBq of 186Re-CTMP and using a dual head gamma camera were observed to be superior to 186Re-HEDP, prepared by a procedure standardized by us. Insignificant activity was observed in other vital organs. The results suggest the suitability of the complex for further evaluation in higher animals for bone pain palliation.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2001

Clinical profile of AIDS.

OBJECTIVES: To study clinical presentation, spectrum of systemic involvement and opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. METHODS: Thirty patient HIV positive by ELISA test, admitted in the department of Medicine SMS Hospital, Jaipur during September, 1996 and December, 1997, were studied. Other causes of immunosuppression were ruled out. These patients having opportunistic infections and/or systemic involvement were diagnosed to have AIDS and per CDC Atlanta criteria. The patients and their spouses were interviewed, examined and investigated according to the pre-designed proforma. RESULTS: Twenty five male and five female patients (n=30), having mean age of 32.76+/-8.14 years (range 23-55 years) were studied. Ninety percent were in 20-40 years age group. Forty percent were related to transport services, while 43% had migrated to other areas. Sexual mode of transmission was seen in 21 subjects (70%) (20 males and one female), of which 18 were heterosexual and three bisexual. Four patients (13%) had history of blood transfusion. The commonest presentation was fever in ninety six per cent. Significant weight loss (1.5%+/-9.76%) was present in patients having associated Candida infection (n=15). Tubercular disease was seen in 66% and 30% had atypical presentations. A presumptive diagnosis of PCP was made in 10% while 30% had cryptococcal infection. The most common system involved was GIT (70%). All the patients were tested HBsAg negative. AIDS dementia complex was diagnosed in 13% all aged above 35 years. CONCLUSION: Occupation and migration were important risk factors for HIV transmission and heterosexual contact is the commonest mode of spread. Amongst infection, tuberculosis and candidiasis were common.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of coronary risk factors among Indian physicians.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prevalence of coronary risk factors has not been well studied in Indian physicians, therefore, to determine prevalence of selected lifestyle and biochemical coronary risk factors we performed this study. METHODS: Physicians attending a national conference were invited to participate. Of the 1000 questionnaires circulated 256 physicians (221 males, 35 females) responded and were examined for presence of smoking, obesity, truncal obesity, hypertension and ECG abnormalities. Two hundred and thirty four physicians (91.4%, 203 males, 31 females) underwent a fasting blood examination for determination of glucose and lipid profile. Subjects were divided into three age groups: Group I aged < 40 years; Group II 40-49 years; and Group III > or = 50 years. RESULTS: Mean age of the study population was 41.7 +/- 9.3 years (range 26-70). There was no significant difference in the distribution of height, weight, body-mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in different age-groups. Systolic blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose and triglyceride levels increased with age in both males and females, while diastolic BP, total - LDL and HDL cholesterol levels did not change. Smoking or tobacco use was seen in five males (2.3%). Prevalence of obesity (BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m2) was in 104 (48.6%) males and 18 (51.4%) females. Truncal obesity diagnosed by WHR > 0.9 in males and > 0.8 in females was in 160 (72.4%) males and 23 (65.7%) females and a large waist circumference, > or = 100 cm in males and > or = 90 cm in females, was in 58 (26.2%) males and 7 (20.0%) females. Hypertension (> or = 140/90) was in 74 (33.5%) males and 7 (20%) females. A high prevalence of diabetes diagnosed using fasting blood glucose > or = 126 mg/dl or previous history was noted in males 19 (9.4%), females 4 (12.9%). Prevalence of high total cholesterol levels > or = 200 mg/dl was in 91 (44.8%) males and 10 (32.3%) females. High LDL cholesterol level (> or = 100 mg/dl) was in 144 (70.9%) males and 22 (70.9%) females and LDL levels > or = 130 mg/dl in 70 (34.5%) males and 9 (29.0%) female physicians. High triglyceride levels (> or = 200 mg/dl) were in 38 (18.7%) males and 4 (12.9%) females. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were present in seven subjects: Q-waves in two males and one female and ST-T changes in three males and one female. BMI correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with systolic BP, fasting glucose, and triglycerides and WHR with systolic BP, diastolic BP, fasting glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of obesity, truncal obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in Indian physicians while smoking, low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia is low. The overall coronary risk is lower among Indian physicians as compared to previous Indian population studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mullerian adenosarcoma of the uterine cervix.

Sarcomas in the uterine cervix are rare, the incidence being 0.5% to 1% of all cervical malignancies. This is a report of cervical mullerian adenosarcoma, which was encountered in a hysterectomy performed for prolapse. The tumor was composed of benign glandular elements and malignant stromal component, thus justifying its nomenclature. We wish to emphasize the distinctive morphological features of this rare cervical tumor.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMed2000

Syntheses and radiolabeling of cysteine-oximes and pharmacological behaviour of their 99mTc complexes.

Synthesis of two novel ligands using 2-oximino-butan-3-one and L-ethyl cysteinate is described. The synthetic procedure involved the formation of Schiffs base by the condensation of the amino group of L-ethyl cysteinate with the carbonyl group of 2-oximino-butan-3-one to provide the ligand I, N'(butan-2-enyl-3-oximino)ethyl cysteinate, followed by reduction of the Schiffs base with sodium borohydride to ligand II, N'(3-oximinobutyl)ethyl cysteinate. The ligands were characterised by NMR spectroscopy. Complexation studies with 99mTc were carried out using stannous tartrate as the reducing agent. The complexes were characterised by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and paper electrophoresis techniques. The complexes are formed in high yields when the reactions were carried out at pH 7-9. The 99mTc complex with ligand I is formed instantaneously while the 99mTc complex with ligand II is formed at a slower rate. The complexes were found to be neutral but the lipophilicity of the complex with ligand I was higher than that of the complex of ligand II. The stability of the complex with ligand I was relatively poor as compared to that of the complex with ligand II. Biodistribution studies of the 99mTc complexes of ligand I and II showed rapid blood clearance with hepatobiliary uptake. Renal excretion of the complex of ligand II was more than that observed for the complex of ligand I. The complexes did not show significant uptake in brain in spite of their favourable properties such as neutrality, lipophilicity and structural similarity with both ECD and HMPAO.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[(186/188)Re] rhenium-ethylene dicysteine (Re-Ec): preparation and evaluation for possible use in endovascular brachytherapy.

188ReO(4)(-), (188)Re-MAG(3), and (188)Re-DTPA are currently under investigation as radiation sources in liquid-filled balloons for prevention of restenosis following coronary angioplasty. Because (99m)Tc-labeled ethylene dicysteine (EC) is a well-established agent for renal tubular function imaging, the use of [(188)Re] rhenium-labeled EC as a potential agent for prevention of restenosis after angioplasty is worth evaluation. In this article, the preparation and pharmacological behavior of [(188/186)Re]Re complex of EC are reported. The yield of the Re complex was optimized by varying the parameters of complexation. The complex prepared under the optimized conditions was found to be stable over a period of 7 days when stored at pH 2 and at 4 degrees C. The pharmacological behavior of [(188/186)Re]Re-EC confirms its similarity to (188)Re-MAG(3) and its superiority over (188)ReO(4)(-) for use in endovascular brachytherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Variation of axillary temperature and its correlation with oral temperature.

UNLABELLED: Unilateral axillary temperature is recorded in unconscious patients and children due to its easy approach. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate variation of axillary temperature on the two sides and its correlation with oral temperature. SUBJECTS: One hundred and 46 healthy men and women, aged 12 through 52 years. METHODS: Axillary temperature from both sides and oral temperature were recorded using digital electronic thermometer in supine position with due precautions. RESULTS: Difference in temperature on the two sides of axilla was found to vary by as much as 0 degree F to 3.4 degrees F. Therefore, the data was grouped into higher and lower temperature ranges. The difference between mean oral and mean higher axillary temperature was found to be 0.5 degree F +/- 0.6 degree F (r = 0.564) while that in comparison to mean lower axillary temperature was 1.0 degree F +/- 0.89 degree F (r = 0.64). The difference between mean oral and mean axillary temperature was 1.0 degree F +/- 0.80 degree F (r = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our observations, it is found that an average of temperature of both sides of axilla represents the axillary temperature more accurately and to get the correct oral equivalent of axillary temperature one should add 1 degree F to the mean axillary temperature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A study of the influence of insulin resistance on left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVES: To study the influence of insulin resistance on the left ventricular mass in hypertensive subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients having uncomplicated essential hypertension were included in the study. Post-oral glucose load serum insulin level (2 hrs) was determined and this was used as a marker for insulin resistance. Two D-echocardiography was performed and left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index were calculated. RESULT: Out of the 30 patients 18 were males and 12 were females. Eight were obese while the remaining 22 were non-obese. The patients were 27 to 70 years old. The mean age, height and weight were 54.83 +/- 9.46 years, 159.07 +/- 8.81 cm and 58.38 +/- 11.03 kg, respectively. The post oral glucose load serum insulin levels in the study ranged from 57.65 to 210.81 microU/ml. The left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index ranged from 42.58 to 310.8 g (mean 196.60 +/- 65.13 g) and 42.74 to 185.59 g/m2 (mean 118.71 +/- 37.75 g/m2), respectively. The correlation coefficient ('r' value) between post oral glucose load serum insulin levels and left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index were calculated. CONCLUSION: A strong positive correlation was observed between the post oral glucose load serum insulin levels and left ventricular mass ('r' = +0.750). A strong positive correlation between post oral glucose load serum insulin levels and left ventricular mass index ('r' = +0.757) was also observed. These correlations were found to be statistically highly significant (p < 0.01). This association was demonstrated independently of age, anthropometric measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. Thus, in patients with essential hypertension, hyperinsulinemia (insulin resistance) has a role in promoting left ventricular hypertrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Diagnostic dilemma: aspergillosis.

Two cases of varied forms of Aspergillosis are reported who were being diagnosed and treated on different lines. One case, who was treated on lines of allergic bronchitis, had very high total eosinophil count and, fleeting pulmonary infiltrates over a period of 5 years along with history of cough, fever and weight loss. Aspergillus fumigatus was grown on sputum culture. On the background of a long standing history of bronchial asthma with evidence of peripheral as well as central eosinophilia, fleeting pulmonary infiltrates and A. fumigatus grown on sputum culture, we kept the diagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and put the patient on steroids and Itraconazole. Patient showed good response to therapy. Another case, a 50 year old male, presented to us with clinical picture of subacute myelitis. Being a known case of ABPA and on steroid therapy for long duration, we kept the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Growth of Aspergillus fumigatus on sputum culture on three occasions and MR imaging of spine further supported our view. Aspergillosis of the lung do not have characteristic clinico-radiological features of permit the diagnosis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, lung abscess and bronchial asthma.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed2000

Adequacy assessment of oxygen therapy.

OBJECTIVES: Oxygen administration in the wards is usually not according to prescription and therefore the patients requiring oxygen therapy does not get optimal benefits. We planned to assess the need and adequacy of oxygen therapy as was given in wards of SMS Hospital, Jaipur. METHODOLOGY: We studied sixty-six patients in medical and surgical wards who were receiving oxygen therapy through various modes of delivery. Oxygen therapy system was checked in detail and oxygen saturation (SaO2) was measured by pulse oximetery. RESULTS: In our study, we found that no oxygen was flowing from cylinder head in 24 cases (35.5%) while in another 23 cases (35.2%) oxygen was flowing at lower than prescribed flow rates. Leakage in tubes and connections were found in nine cases (13.4%). None of our case was receiving oxygen as per prescription. After correction of faults, all patients showed improvement in SaO2. The criteria of starting oxygen therapy were met only in 47 patients (69%) as per American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP). CONCLUSIONS: Oxygen therapy should be administered according to guidelines. Proper monitoring of oxygen therapy is recommended to ensure adequate oxygenation and to save precious oxygen from wastage. Pulse oximeter is a simple, noninvasive and reliable method to assess it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Preparation of [186Re]Re-DMSA and its bio-distribution studies.

99mTc(V)-DMSA is widely used for imaging medullary carcinoma and hence 186/188Re(V)-DMSA is suggested as a potential agent for treating medullary carcinoma. In the present paper, we report the work carried out for the preparation of [186Re]Re(V)-DMSA and it's bio-distribution studies in Wistar rats. The complex was prepared by reducing 186Re (100 micrograms, 0.54 microM, approximately 150 MBq) in the presence of DMSA (2 mg, 11 microM) with stannous chloride (0.4 mg, 2.2 microM) in acidic medium at pH 2. The reaction was taken to completion by heating the complex in a boiling water bath for 30 min. Bio-distribution studies carried out revealed that pharmacological behaviour of 186Re(V)-DMSA is similar to that of 99mTc(V)-DMSA except that the kidney uptake is marginally higher. The kidney uptake reduced significantly when the pH of the complex was adjusted to 8 prior to injection. The in vitro stability studies of this complex suggest that the product formed is stable and could be used for clinical trials.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Preparation, stability studies and pharmacological behavior of [186Re]Re-HEDP.

99mTc-HEDP is widely used as a bone imaging agent and its Re analog [186Re]Re-HEDP is now well established as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for palliation of pain due to bone metastases. In the present paper, we report the work carried out for the preparation of stable 186Re-HEDP which retains RC purity up to 5 days when stored at 4 degrees C. 186Re was prepared by irradiation of natural Re metal at a flux of 3 x 10(13) neutrons/cm2/s for seven days and processed after a cooling period of four days. The specific activity of 186Re formed was approximately 35 mCi/mg. A complex with RC purity > 98% could be prepared by varying the reaction conditions. By carefully optimizing the reaction and storage conditions, a complex which was stable for over 4 days could be synthesized. Bio-distribution studies carried out in rats revealed approximately 30% bone uptake of 186Re-HEDP at 3 h postinjection which remained almost constant for 48 h, at which time there was negligible activity in other organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Synthesis of heptadentate (N4O3) amine-phenol ligands and radiochemical studies with technetium-99m.

Heptadentate amine-phenol ligands with N4O3 donor atoms for coordination were synthesized by condensing tris(2-aminoethyl)amine with salicylaldehyde or acetophenone and reducing the Schiff bases formed with NaBH4. The ligands were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Radiochemical studies were carried out with no-carrier-added 99mTc and 99mTc spiked with 0.1-100 microM of 99Tc. Complexation yields were estimated from thin layer chromatography, paper electrophoresis, and solvent extraction studies. 99mTc complexes were formed in yields better than 90% with the amine-phenol ligands. The complexes were found to be neutral and lipophilic. Biodistribution studies of the 99mTc complexes showed that clearance was mainly through the hepatobiliary system.

Animals↗