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Biomedical subjects

K Kraglund

Publications and source records attributed to K Kraglund.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of general anaesthesia with enflurane on antroduodenal motility, pH and gastric emptying rate in man.

Antroduodenal motility, pH and gastric emptying rate were investigated before, during and after general anaesthesia with enflurane in 11 patients undergoing elective surgery not involving the abdomen. Motility was measured by manometry and the gastric emptying rate by the rate of paracetamol absorption. During anaesthesia gastric emptying rate was delayed in nine patients. General anaesthesia with enflurane nearly abolished the motility in the antrum. The duration of successive interdigestive motor complexes was reduced (P less than 0.001) mainly be a reduction in Phase II (P less than 0.01). The frequency of contractions was unchanged in the duodenum during Phase II and decreased during Phase III (P less than 0.01). The amplitudes of contractions were unchanged in the proximal part of the duodenum and decreased in the distal part (P less than 0.01). General anaesthesia with enflurane increased the gastric pH per- and post-operatively (P less than 0.01). Motility in the antrum was rapidly regained in the recovery period. General anaesthesia with enflurane seems to delay gastric emptying rate by affecting the motility in the gastric antrum. The acidity of the stomach contents is reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gastrointestinal motility and gastric pH and emptying following ingestion of diazepam.

The effects of diazepam on antroduodenal motility, gastric pH and gastric emptying rate were investigated in 10 volunteers. Gastric emptying was assessed using paracetamol absorption and antroduodenal motility and pH by means of a perfused multilumen tube. On the first study day, the volunteers received paracetamol in phase I after the occurrence of one complete interdigestive motility complex (IDMC). Diazepam was given on the second study day at the beginning of the first phase I and paracetamol was given one IDMC later. The rate of absorption correlated with motility (P less than 0.03). Some volunteers were fast absorbers on the first study day and slow on the second, indicating that absorption rate is not constant, but dependent on gastroduodenal motility. Diazepam tended to increase the gastric emptying rate and enhanced the amplitude of contractions and the motility index during phase II (P less than 0.02). Gastric pH increased after ingestion of diazepam (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The relationship between gallbladder dynamics and the migrating motor complex in fasting healthy subjects.

The relationship between gallbladder dynamics and the interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) was investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers by a hepatobiliary scintigraphy and gastroduodenal pressure recordings. Filling of the gallbladder commenced in late phase II or in phase III of the MMC and continued in a linear fashion during the following phase I. Simultaneously, an abrupt decrease in delivery of activity into the duodenum was encountered. Emptying of the gallbladder always occurred in phase II and lasted 14-46 min (median, 30 min). The transformation from filling to emptying of the gallbladder was closely related to changes from phase I to II on the motility curve.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The relation between antral contractile activity and the duodenal component of the migrating motility complex.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between antral and duodenal fasting motor activity in 19 healthy volunteers using a perfused tube assembly with side-holes placed in the distal antrum, second part of the duodenum and in the duodenum near the ligament of Treitz. Registrations were performed until the end of the second duodenal phase III. Eighty-two per cent of the duodenal phases III were preceded by antral activity. The duration of duodenal phase III showed a positive correlation to the preceding number of antral contractions (p less than 0.001) as well as to antral phase III (p less than 0.05), but no correlation to the duration of antral phase III was found. The duration of the migrating motility complex (MMC) showed a positive correlation to the duration of duodenal phase III (p less than 0.05), but no correlation to the preceding number of antral contractions were found. It may be concluded that the level of duodenal activity is very dependent on the preceding antral activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effects of glucagon and glucagon-(1-21)-peptide on antroduodenal motility in healthy volunteers.

Since it has been argued that the spasmolytic effect of glucagon is related to the first 21 N-terminal amino acid residues, and not to the complete molecule, we have compared the effects of glucagon-(1-21)-peptide (G-(1-21) and glucagon on human antroduodenal motility. Glucagon and G-(1-21) were given as bolus injections to 30 healthy volunteers equally allocated into five groups. Each subject received two doses; one was placebo, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg of glucagon, the other was an equimolar doses of G-(1-21) (placebo, 0.175, 0.35, 0.70 or 1.4 mg of G-1-21). The first injection was given during phase II of a migrating motility complex (MMC), and the next during the following phase II. Contractile activity was recorded using an oral tube with one sidehole positioned in the antrum and two in the duodenum. We confirmed that glucagon decreases the number of contractions in the antrum and duodenum and that normal phase II activity was restored within 20-40 minutes proportionally to the amount of the drug given. G-(1-21) did not change antroduodenal motility nor did it affect the phase II pattern in any of the groups. Neither were any side effects encountered. G-(1-21) does not seem to be an alternative to glucagon and other spasmolytic drugs for obtaining relaxation of the antroduodenal area.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effects of morphine on biliary dynamics. A scintigraphic study with 99mTc-HIDA.

The effect of morphine on biliary dynamics was studied by cholescintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA. Among 30 normals without morphine injection 3 did not demonstrate intestinal radioactivity after 1 h, whereas all visualized the gallbladder. Eight normals with morphine injection did not demonstrate intestinal radioactivity after 2 h, but all had gallbladder visualization very early. Variables of the time-activity curves from liver areas did not point to impaired uptake or excretion. Morphine-induced increase in resistance to passage from the common duct to the intestines in normals is of a magnitude that forces the total amount of bile to accumulate in the gallbladder. Results from 11 patients after cholecystectomy indicate that the increase in pressure is less than the maximal secretory pressure of the liver. The resorptive capacity and the compliance of the gallbladder enable these events to take place without signs of secondary liver impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effects of omeprazole on gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure, intragastric pH, and the migrating motor complex in fasting healthy subjects.

Placebo and omeprazole (80 mg) were administered by intravenous injection in a random, double-blind, cross-over manner. Phase I and phase II of the MMC were divided into segments, and phase III constituted a single segment. The highest and lowest sphincter pressures were recorded in each segment. In the placebo group only one of the lowest values was significantly different from phase I,1. Among the highest values all means from phase II,1 to phase III were significantly higher. In the omeprazole group all means from phase II,4 to phase III in the upper demarcation were significantly higher. When the pressure profiles of placebo and omeprazole in each segment were compared, no differences were found. An unchanged pressure profile in all segments of the MMC in connection with a substantial reduction of acid secretion indicates that omeprazole shows great promise for use in patients with oesophagitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gastric acid secretion during halothane, chloralose, pentobarbital and etomidate anaesthesia in the pig.

The gastric acid secretion in the awake state of the pig was compared to that during halothane, chloralose, pentobarbital and etomidate anaesthesia. After collection of basal juice, acid secretion was stimulated with pentagastrin in the dosages of 0.25, 1.00 and 4.00 micrograms/kg/h. Halothane strongly inhibited acid secretion, whereas acid secretion during chloralose anaesthesia was enlarged by a factor 6 as compared to that of the awake animal. The mean acid output after receiving pentobarbital was close to that of the awake condition, but the interindividual variation was large. Nearly identical values for acid secretion were found during etomidate anaesthesia, but with much higher consistency in the results. Etomidate anaesthesia seems to be the most suitable method for measurements of gastric acid secretion during anaesthesia in the pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Multimodal contractile activity of the canine sphincter of Oddi.

Using a high-fidelity recording system, simultaneous manometric measurements of the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum were performed in 6 dogs. The sphincter of Oddi was a high-pressure zone with superimposed phasic activity. The tracings were analyzed according to the distribution of the peak-to-peak contraction intervals (PPI), and a multimodal distribution was consistently found with a basal mode of 3.5 s. If not occurring at this interval, the PPI would be a multiple of this value. These findings suggest that slow-wave control activity is present in the canine sphincter of Oddi. The origin of this control is still unknown.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1984

Canine gastric ulcer produced by hemorrhagic shock and aspirin.

Ischemia of the gastric mucosa, for example during hemorrhagic shock, appears to be an important pathogenetic factor in acute bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. In the present experiment the effects on the canine gastric mucosa of hemorrhagic shock (ischemia) and intragastric aspirin in acid and neutral solution were studied. The combination of hemorrhagic shock, aspirin, and acid caused pronounced mucosal lesions, whereas only minor lesions were seen with aspirin and acid alone. It is concluded that the ischemic gastric mucosa is more susceptible to aspirin solution than normal mucosa. This may have important bearings on clinical practice.

Acids↗
PubMed1984

The influence of measuring catheter diameter on direct manometry in the canine sphincter of Oddi.

Sphincter of Oddi manometry was performed in three anesthetized dogs, using different measuring catheter diameters, ranging from 1.0 to 1.9 mm. No differences were seen either in sphincter of Oddi wave amplitude, frequency, and base-line pressure or in common bile duct pressure measured after cannulation during 20 min with catheters of 1.0 and 1.3 mm. However, significant disturbances of these variables were present when the measuring catheter diameter was 1.6 and 1.9 mm. It is concluded that the diameter of the recording catheter is of crucial importance in sphincter of Oddi manometry. In dogs with a body weight of 30-40 kg, the outer diameter should not exceed 1.3 mm.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1984

Intraoperative sphincter of Oddi manometry in patients with gallstones.

In seven patients operated on with cholecystectomy for simple gallstones, sphincter of Oddi manometry was performed during surgery. The sphincter was localized as a zone with elevated base-line pressure and phasic contractile activity. Mean value of the amplitude was 90 mm Hg; wave duration, 4 sec; frequency, 5/min; and base-line pressure, 10 mm Hg. No activity was seen in the antrum or duodenum. The plotting of peak-to-peak intervals in a histogram showed that these were evenly distributed around 6 sec or at integrated multiples of this value. This indicates that the sphincter of Oddi is paced. The origin of the pacing is not yet established.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Gallbladder emptying and gastrointestinal cyclic motor activity in humans.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of the present work was to answer two questions: does the human gallbladder empty in the fasting state, and, if so, is the emptying related to a specific phase of the activity in the gastrointestinal tract? The material consisted of nine healthy volunteers and the motility recordings were done with a perfused low-compliance system. Gallbladder emptying was recorded by the use of scintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA. Eleven activity fronts were observed, and seven periods of gallbladder emptying were recorded. Reduction in counts over the gallbladder ranged from 8% to 32%. All emptyings took place in connection with phase-II activity in the intestine. Three were in close proximity to the following phase-III activity, and the other four occurred early in a phase II. Four activity fronts were not accompanied by output of bile. CONCLUSIONS: bile output from the gallbladder occurs in fasting humans, and gallbladder emptying takes place in connection with phase-II activity in the intestine but not always in close connection with the following phase-III activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neural connections between antrum and duodenum.

Postprandial coordination of antroduodenal motility partly takes place via intrinsic mural pathways. The nature and origin of these nerve fibers have not yet been clarified. In this investigation using fluorochromic substances injected into the antrum and duodenum it was demonstrated that common central neurons for the antroduodenal area exist in the vagal nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Antroduodenal motility before, during, and after food intake in patients with X-ray-negative dyspepsia and abnormal duodenal loop and in healthy people.

Antroduodenal motility was studied before, during, and after food intake in patients with X-ray-negative dyspepsia and abnormal duodenal loop and in normals. No differences were observed between X-ray-negative dyspepsia and a proximally located abnormal duodenal loop. Patients with a distal duodenal anomaly had significantly higher food-stimulated duodenal activity than any of the other groups studied, whereas no differences were observed in antral motility.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Biliary manometry in dogs. Influence of selective electrostimulation of the right and left vagus nerves.

Acute biliary manometry was performed in 10 dogs during operation. The sphincter of Oddi was a high-pressure zone with phasic activity. No active contractions were observed either in the common bile duct or in the gallbladder. Electrostimulation of the right and left thoracic vagal branches increased bile flow, decreased the activity of the sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder pressure. Stimulation of the right vagus gave a more complex response as the initial inhibition of the activity of the sphincter of Oddi was followed by an increased motor activity. Intra-arterial cholecystokinin injection increased bile flow, inhibited the activity of the sphincter of Oddi, whereas gallbladder pressure remained unchanged.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1980

Influence of porosity on the viability of the neointima. A histological investigation on implanted synthetic vascular prostheses.

The influence of porosity on the viability of the neointima was evaluated in two types of Dacron vascular prostheses with quite different porosities. It could be concluded that the observed parietal thrombus formation in functioning prostheses, and the dislodgement of the neointima in several of these, might well be attributed to the low porosity of the investigated prostheses, as compared to the recommended value. At the same time it is remarkable that no pronounced difference in the histological picture was observed in the two types of prostheses, despite large differences in their mutual porosities.

Animals↗