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Biomedical subjects

K Kumano

Publications and source records attributed to K Kumano.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effect of probucol on serum lipoprotein and apoprotein profiles in renal transplant patients.

The therapeutic effect of probucol on hypercholesterolemia in cyclosporine A (CyA)-treated renal transplant patients was prospectively studied. Twelve posttransplantation patients aged 34.2+/-2.5 years with serum total cholesterol (t-CHL) of 250 mg/dL or greater, whose serum creatinine was 2.9 mg/dL or less, and who had no diabetes mellitus or hypoproteinemia, were treated with probucol, 250 mg twice daily for 3 months. Seventeen age-matched (36.8+/-1.6 years) normal volunteers served as control. Blood was drawn after at least a 12-hour fast to measure lipids in serum and lipoprotein fractions, apoproteins (apo), lipoprotein fractions, lethicin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), free fatty acids (FFA), and CHL-ester. Serum t-CHL, triglycerides (TG), and phospholipids (PL) in posttransplantation patients before treatment were significantly higher compared with normal control subjects. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions in these patients were significantly expanded. The pretreatment levels of serum apo AII, B, CII, and CIII were significantly increased compared with those of normal controls. After treatment with probucol, serum t-CHL, LDL-CHL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHL, PL, LDL-PL, and apo AI were significantly decreased, and CHL-ester significantly increased compared with the pretreatment levels. These data suggest that although probucol causes a decrease in HDL-CHL, it may act anti-atherogenically by modulating HDL metabolism and stimulating reverse transfer of CHL from peripheral tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Rupture of the left main-stem bronchus by the tracheal portion of a double-lumen endobronchial tube.

We report a rupture of the left main-stem bronchus following the insertion of a left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tube in a 76-yr-old woman with a short trachea. A fiberoptic bronchoscope was not used during the initial insertion of the tube and the depth of insertion resulted in approximately 5 cm in excess of the optimal level for this patient. The rupture had been caused by the tracheal portion of the double-lumen tube. This damage may have been avoided if a fiberoptic bronchoscope was used routinely as an introducer and for positioning of the endobronchial tube under direct vision.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of urinary red blood cells of healthy individuals by an automated urinary flow cytometer.

A newly developed automated urinary flow cytometer allows clear discrimination of erythrocytes from other solid components of urine. In this study, the normal range of the urinary erythrocyte count and the source of urinary erythrocytes in healthy individuals were investigated using this analyzer. For the diagnosis of the source of the urinary erythrocytes, Kitasato University Kidney Center criteria for this analyzer were applied. The subjects were 133 regularly employed volunteers (age range 20-48 years, mean 30.5) who noted no urinary tract symptoms and showed normal blood pressure, consisting of 41 females not in their menstrual period (age range 20-39 years, mean 24.8) and 92 males (age range 20-48 years, mean 33.1). Mid-stream voided urine was collected from these subjects using urine sampling cups, immediately transferred to 50-ml sterilized Spitz tubes, and analyzed within 30 min using the automated urinary flow cytometer. Urinary erythrocytes were derived from glomeruli in all samples of healthy subjects. The urinary erythrocyte count showed a logarithmic normal distribution. Values 2 SD of the urinary erythrocyte count in healthy individuals or higher were regarded as abnormal, and hematuria was considered to be positive when 11.0/microliter or more erythrocytes were observed by this analyzer. The finding by this analyzer corresponded to the report of Birch et al.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of high fat diet and a novel antioxidant (BO653) on ischemia reperfusion injury of rat kidney].

The effect of a high fat diet (HFD) on renal function, renal mitochondrial function and intrarenal oxygen-free radial scavenging activity were examined in the ischemia-reperfusion model of the rat kidney. Whether of not a novel lipophilic antioxidant (BO653) could minimize this effect in vivo was also investigated. Thirty minutes renal ischemia was introduced by vascular clamp in rats with or without HFD (cholesterol 1.25%). Some of the HFD rats received BO653 by gastric gavage. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was measured 24 hours following the injury. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and alpha-tocopherol were measured in the kidney before, 30 min ischemia and 30 min after reperfusion. HFD significantly reduced Ccr after ischemia-reperfusion (45% decreased compared to normal diet), which was ameliorated by BO653. Thirty-minute ischemia deteriorated the mitochondrial function in the normal diet (ND) group, high fat diet (HFD) group and high fat diet + BO653 (HFD + BO) group. Thirty-minute reperfusion ameliorated the mitochondrial function in all those groups. The kidney content of TBARS was not increased after the ischemia-reperfusion in all these groups. In the HFD group, the kidney content of GPX was higher than in the ND group during ischemia-reperfusion, but in the HFD group, the kidney content of SOD was significantly decreased after the thirty-minute ischemia. Thirty-minute ischemia decreased the kidney content of alpha-tocopherol in the HFD group, which was recovered by the thirty-minute reperfusion. In conclusion, a high fat diet deteriorates ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat kidney and BO653 ameliorated this effect judged by creatinine clearance and renal mitochondrial function. Reperfusion injury could not be confirmed in the present model based on the results of lipid peroxidation and oxygen-free radical scavenging enzyme activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

DNA synthesis of cultured mesothelial cells in a high permeable state.

To understand the mechanism of regeneration of the mesothelial cell in a high permeable state, in vitro experiments with cultured mesothelial cells were carried out using a type I collagen-coated multititer plate. Prior to cell seeding, each plate was filled with 100 microL of glucose solution at concentrations of 30 mmol/L, 90 mmol/L, and 150 mmol/L, and minimum essential medium (MEM), respectively. After immersion for one to five weeks at 37 degrees C, mesothelial cells were seeded at a density of 3 x 10(4)/cm2, then glucose was added at varying final concentrations between 0 and 150 mmol/L and/or albumin was added at a final concentration of 2 g/dL. After days 2 and 4, DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU). There was no significant difference of DNA synthesis between groups with and without one-week glucose immersion when mesothelial cells were cultured with only 10% FCS/MEM. However, suppression of DNA synthesis at 2 g/dL of albumin was seen no matter what concentration of glucose supplement was used. Without a high concentration of albumin, DNA synthesis was dose-dependent on glucose. The longer the immersion period, the lesser the suppression. It is speculated that process of glycation with collagen may relate to growth of mesothelial cells.

Albumins↗
PubMed1997

Kinetic analysis of furosine and pentosidine in CAPD patients.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been noted in the peritoneal tissue of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, and this may cause an increase in membrane permeability. In vivo and in vitro kinetic analysis was carried out on furosine and pentosidine, early and late glycation products. Plasma furosine and pentosidine were measured by HPLC in patients with renal dysfunction with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) and dialysate pentosidine and furosine in CAPD patients. Only those dialysis patients without residual renal function were used in this study. Plasma furosine was remarkably high in DM, hemodialysis (HD), and CAPD patients. Plasma pentosidine appeared to depend on renal function and was not influenced by diabetic condition. Plasma pentosidine was significantly higher in CAPD than HD patients. A weak positive correlation was noted between dialysate and plasma furosine and pentosidine, indicating the main source of furosine and pentosidine in PD effluent to be plasma. Serial dialysate sampling showed furosine and pentosidine to increase linearly. Mean dialysate/plasma (D/P) of furosine and pentosidine were 0.043 and 0.012, respectively. Protein-bound product size and in situ formation of furosine in the peritoneal cavity would be the reason for these differences in D/P. In situ formation of early glycation products in the peritoneal cavity may be concluded to take place in CAPD patients, and high plasma pentosidine may lead to its accumulation in tissue, resulting, possibly, in pathological change.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of osmotic agents on hyaluronan synthesis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells and fibroblasts.

Hyaluronan (HA) plays an important role in peritoneal tissue remodeling and the inflammatory process. In this study, attention was directed to the effects of various osmotic agents on HA synthesis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMCs) and fibroblasts (HFBs). Following incubation with growth arrest media for 48 hours, the cells (4 x 10(4)/mL) were incubated for 72 hours in media at various concentrations (50, 100 mmol/L for crystalloid agents and 3.5%, 7% for oncotic agents) of glucose, mannitol, glycerol, sucrose, raffinose, NaCl, combined amino acids, maltodextrin, dextran 70, and hydroxyethylstarch 20. HA synthesis for 72 hours was measured by sandwich-binding protein assay. HMCs synthesized approximately 0.15 ng/cell/72 hours and HFBs 0.09 ng. All crystalloid osmotic agents significantly suppressed HA synthesis by HMCs and HFBs in a concentration-dependent manner. There was no such suppression by any oncotic osmotic agent, which, to the contrary, enhanced the synthesis by 6%-63% in HMCs. In conclusion, HMCs and HFBs may be considered sources of HA in the peritoneal dialysis effluent. Crystalloid osmotic agents suppressed HA synthesis in these cells. Oncotic osmotic agents seem to be less toxic in this regard.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1997

Prognosis for patients with sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis following CAPD.

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a very serious complication of CAPD. The present study was conducted on 7 SEP patients (4 male, 3 female, average age 33 years) from among 197 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients over a period of 14 years. SEP affected 3.7% (7/197) of the CAPD patients in this study, and its annual incidence was found to be 2.6/1000. All 7 patients in this study exhibited ileus. The 3 patients with severe peritonitis and sepsis had transient ileus. The prognosis was poor for 3 patients who reported prior ultrafiltration problems. One of these patients died one year after the onset of SEP. The prognosis for one of the patients showed an intermediate course. SEP patients may possibly be divided into subgroups based on the course of prognosis. SEP patients with previous UF failure and longer duration of CAPD showed poorer prognoses. The quality of life, especially in regard to eating, is poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effects of osmotic solutes on fibronectin mRNA expression in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells.

Hypertonic glucose in a peritoneal dialysate may modulate cell metabolism in the peritoneal cavity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). To examine the effects of high glucose concentration and hyperosmolarity, rat mesothelial cells were cultured for 3 or 6 days in media containing either 5, 25 or 50 mM glucose containing 20 or 45 mM mannitol. Fibronectin gene expression was investigated by Northern blot analysis. By day 6, fibronectin mRNA levels increased compared to 5 mM glucose controls with increasing glucose concentration (25 mM, 193%, 50 mM, 314%); high osmolarity due to mannitol did not increase mRNA levels (20 mM and 45 mM mannitol yielded 75 and 104%, respectively). Thus, hypertonic glucose augments fibronectin gene expression in peritoneal mesothelial cells due to the higher concentrations of glucose and not to hyperosmolarity. The glucose-driven increase in fibronectin expression may contribute to the peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-12 prevents antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into mouse airways.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a key cytokine that promotes Th1-type cell-mediated immunity and inhibits Th2-type responses. We have previously shown that antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways of sensitized mice is mediated by Th2-type CD4+ T cells that produce IL-5. Therefore, to determine whether IL-12 regulates antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways, we studied the effect of recombinant murine IL-12 on antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration into the tracheas of sensitized mice, and also the effect of IL-12 on IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the mice. The intraperitoneal administration of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) inhibited antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration into the mouse trachea in a dose-dependent manner. The administration of rIL-12 suppressed IL-5 levels but enhanced IFN-gamma levels in the BALF of the mice after antigen inhalation. The administration of rIL-12 also decreased in vitro antigen-induced IL-4 and IL-5 production, but not IFN-gamma production, in spleen cells of the mice. Furthermore, pretreatment with anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody prevented the IL-12 inhibition of antigen-induced eosinophil infiltration into the tracheas of the mice. These results indicate that IL-12 downregulates antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways by inhibiting IL-5 production in sensitized animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Partial spontaneous regression of Bowen's disease.

BACKGROUND: Although the lesions of Bowen's disease often show conspiciously irregular configurations, there have been no studies performed to elucidate what these clinical features imply. Of 90 patients with Bowen's disease, 34 (group 1) had such irregular lesions with patches of normal-appearing interlesional skin. Their clinical backgrounds were compared with those of 56 patients without irregular lesions (group 2). Specimens of lesional, interlesional, and perilesional skin from 17 patients in group 1 were examined to evaluate the histopathologic evidences of regression. OBSERVATIONS: The lesions of group 1 patients were more commonly located on the trunk, larger in size, and of longer duration than those of group 2 patients. The specimens of lesional skin from the 17 group 1 patients revealed amyloid deposition (12 patients), melanophages (three patients), increased vascularity (15 patients), and inflammatory cell infiltrates (17 patients). The interlesional skin also exhibited amyloid deposition (12 patients), melanophages (six patients), increased vascularity (15 patients), dermal fibrosis (16 patients), inflammatory cell infiltrates (15 patients), and epidermal atrophy (eight patients). The perilesional skin showed no amyloid depositions, melanophages, or increased vascularity. CONCLUSION: These histopathologic findings in normal-appearing interlesional skin may represent partial spontaneous regression of Bowen's disease.

Adult↗