Biomedical subjects

K L Graves

Publications and source records attributed to K L Graves.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in pregnant rats ingesting a high protein diet.

In both nonpregnant and pregnant rats as dietary protein increased, increases in urinary calcium were observed. In nonpregnant rats, urinary calcium excretion was significantly increased as the level of dietary protein increased from 16 to 24 to 32%, but in the pregnant rats increases in urinary calcium as protein intake was raised from 24 to 32% were not observed. The present data indicated that the increase in urinary calcium was probably a result of a shift of the endogenous excretion of calcium from the feces to urine and not from intestinal absorption of dietary calcium or bone resorption of calcium. Responses of parameters indicative of intestinal absorption either were inconsistent or were not affected as protein intake increased. A high protein diet had no effect on the amount of calcium lost from the bones. Although the results were inconsistent with regard to calcium retention, a positive calcium balance was achieved by all rats fed the three different levels of dietary protein. Urinary phosphorus excretion increased with increased protein intake, but the response was modified by the physiological state. In pregnant rats, the increase from 16 to 24% dietary protein had a greater influence on urine phosphorus than the increase from 24 to 32%; this pattern was reversed in the nonpregnant rats.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Risky sexual behavior and alcohol use among young adults: results from a national survey.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between alcohol use and sexual activity in a sample of young adults. DESIGN: Data were collected as part of a 1990 survey of a multistage area household probability sample. SETTING: In-home interviews were conducted by experienced interviewers. SUBJECTS: In total, 1006 persons from 18 to 30 years of age living in the contiguous United States were contacted. MEASURES: Detailed information was collected on alcohol use and sexual behavior. To minimize the reluctance of respondents to answer queries on sexual behavior, those questions were contained in a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: At the population level, having had multiple sexual partners in the past year was more likely among men who consumed five or more drinks per sitting. Condom use was less likely among respondents who had consumed five or more drinks on at least one occasion in the past year. In multivariate analyses, the amount of alcohol consumed at the new partner event was not associated with condom use with a new partner. When the effects of other demographic and psychosocial factors were removed, the number of drinks consumed during the heaviest drinking event was a significant predictor of engaging in sex for women but not for men. CONCLUSION: In young adults, alcohol use with sex does not necessarily lead directly to lapses in judgment about safe sexual practices. Alcohol is but one of a number of factors that play an important role in determining the riskiness of a particular sexual encounter.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of substance use to sexual activity among young adults in the United States.

Data on substance use and sexual activity from a nationally representative, probability-based sample of young adults aged 18-30 in 1990 indicate that 86% of respondents had had sex in the previous 12 months, with three-fourths reporting no more than one sexual partner. Seventy-five percent of respondents had consumed alcohol in the past 12 months, 40% had smoked cigarettes and 20% had used marijuana. After adjustment for demographic factors, both sexual activity and a history of multiple partners were positively associated with some measures of substance use. Respondents who drank more frequently, those who were heavy drinkers, those who smoked cigarettes and those who used marijuana in the past year were more likely than others to be sexually active. Those who consumed five or more drinks at a sitting and those who used marijuana were more likely than others to have had more than one sexual partner. Heavy drinkers were also less likely to use condoms; however, the results showed no association between having sex under the influence of alcohol and engaging in unsafe sexual practices.

Adolescent↗