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Biomedical subjects

K L Heddleston

Publications and source records attributed to K L Heddleston.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

An epornitic of avian cholera in waterfowl and common crows in Phelps County, Nebraska, in the spring, 1975.

In the spring of 1975, many species of waterfowl and common crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) were found dead in Phelps County, Nebraska. About 25,000 water fowl and at least 3,000 crows died in the epornitic. Few waterfowl were seen dying, but the crows experienced a chronic illness during which they became debilitated and were lethargic and dyspneic. Gross and microscopic lesions in the waterfowl were typical for acute avian cholera. The crows had dark, firm areas within the lungs, loosely adhered yellow fibrous material in the pericardial sac and air sacs and, occasionally, liver abscesses. Microscopically, focal purulent pneumonia was present and a fibrinopurulent exudate overlaid a granulomatous reaction on the heart and lung surfaces. Isolation of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 confirmed the diagnosis of acute and chronic avian cholera in the waterfowl and crows, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunogenic and toxic properties of a purified lipopolysaccharide-protein complex from Pasteurella multocida.

An immunogenic fraction from Pasteurella multocida was found to consist chiefly of a high-molecular-weight protein-polysaccharide complex containing 25 to 27% protein and 10.7% carbohydrate. The starting material was obtained by differential centrifugation at 105,000 X g of saline extract of P. multocida cells and further purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 2B. Three peaks were usually obtained after gel filtraion.pharose 2B. Three peaks were usually obtained after gel filtration. The component in the first peak amounted to about 10% of the starting material and eluted in the void volume. It was predominately carbohydrate, although some protein was present. Two inoculations of 10 to 20 mug of the first component induced up to 80% protection in mice against a challenge inoculation with P. multocida that killed 100% of the controls. The second, or major, component amounted to about 75 to 95% of the starting material. This fraction contained 25 to 27% protein and 10.7% carbohydrate. Small amounts, 10 to 20 mug, induced active immunity in mice and turkeys, but large amounts could be lethal; the mean lethal dose was 195 mug for mice and 5.7 mug for 10-day-old chicken embryos. The components in the third peak were primarily proteins that gave reactions of nonidentity with the antigens of peak II in gel diffusion. The components present in the third fraction were definitely less effective in the induction of protective immunity than those present in the first or second. Analyses of the protective antigen(s) by the isoelectric focusing procedure in a pH 3 to 10 gradient showed that all of the precipitinogenic activity was found in the range of pH 3 to 4, with a peak at pH 3.7.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Physiologic characteristics of 1,268 cultures of Pasteurella multocida.

Results of 29 physiologic tests are reported for 1,268 cultures of Pasteurella multocida from various hosts over a 10-year period. Of the cultures, 97 to 100% fermented galactose, glucose, mannitol, mannose, fructose, and sucrose, produced hydrogen sulfide and indole, and reduced nitrate; 6 to 91% fermented arabinose, glycerol, sorbitol, trehalose and xylose. Fermentation of dextrin, dulcitol, inositol, inulin, lactose, maltose, raffinose, rhamnose, and salicin, growth on MacConkey agar, change of litmus milk, production of urease and hemolysin, liquefaction of gelatin and motility were negative with 97 to 100% of the cultures. Of 200 cultures tested for catalase and oxidase, all were positive. Results of this study indicate that none of these tests will determine the host from which the culture was isolated.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fowl cholera; cross-protective turkey antisera and IgG antibodies induced with Pasteurella multocida-infected tissue bacterins.

Turkey antisera induced with formolized Pasteurella multocida-infected tissues (T antisera) passively cross-immunized 48 of 55 chickens against a challenge dose of P. multocida organisms, from which 0 of 15 controls survived. However, turkey antisera induced with formalin-killed, agar-cultured P. multocida cells (A antisera) passively cross-immunized only 4 of 30 chickens. Cross-immunity refers to protection against a different immunologic type of P. multocida. Quantitative precipitin reactions of the A and T antisera with antigens from agar-cultured cells showed that more antibody was present in the A than in the T antisera. However, antigens extracted from the infected tissues reacted with the T and not with the A antisera in the Ouchterlony procedure, demonstrating qualitative differences between the agar-cultured antigens and those extracted from the infected tissue. The gel precipitins isolated from the A and T antisera were characterized as 7S immunoglobulins, which behaved in immunoelectrophoresis as would be expected for a IgG immunoglobulin. The IgG fraction from the T antiserum passively cross-immunized chickens almost as well as the whole antiserum; hence, the IgG antibody is a major factor in cross-immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Characteristics of Pasteurella multocida of human origin.

Physiological, serological, morphological, and cultural differences were observed among 30 Pasteurella multocida cultures of human origin. The usual variations in the fermentation of glycerol, lactose, sorbitol, trehalose, and xylose were observed. Unlike most P. multocida, two cultures did not produce indol. Six serotypes were found. In addition to the widely recognized iridescent, blue, and watery mucoid (circular) colonies, punctiform colonies were observed. None of the cultures were pathogenic for turkeys. Results of the study indicate that one should be aware of the many variable characteristicx of P. multocida of human origin to facilitate indentification.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fowl cholera: immunologic and werologic response in turdeys to live Pasteruella multocida vaccine administered in the drinking water.

Live fowl cholera vaccine administered in drinking water induced immunity in young turkeys against a challenge of a different immunogenic type of Pasteurella multocida; this is referred to as cross-immunity. Serum from the vaccinated birds induced passive cross-immunity in chicks and turkeys; this demonstrated that the cross-immunity induced with the drinking water vaccine was associated with the humoral system. Results of serologic tests with agar grown P. multocida indicate that agglutinins and precipitins are not associated with the induced cross-immunity. A live culture of P. multodica previously reported to induce cross-immunity in mature turkeys without causing adverse effects when administered in the drinking water, killed 6 of 45 (13 per cent) poults in the present study; this demonstrated that young turkeys are more susceptible to fowl cholera than mature turkeys.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Properties of free endotoxin from Pasteurella multocida.

Free endotoxin (FET) from virulent encapsulated Pasteurella multocida or from an avirulent nonencapsulated mutant is capable of inducing active immunity, but the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) moiety of the endotoxin is not. These results suggest that a protein of P multocida is involved in the stimulation of active immunity. The serologic specificity of the FET is associated with the LPS moiety, which is related to a heat extracted antigen that is used for serotyping P multocida. The FET is capable of producing widespread vascular alteration and death. It is present in the vascular system of turkeys with acute fowl cholera, and it can be detected with the "Limulus" test for endotoxins and with the gel diffusion precipitin test.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Isolation from Pasteurella multocida of a lipopolysaccharide antigen with immunizing and toxic properties.

A heat-stable, particulate, lipopolysaccharide-protein antigenic complex has been isolated from a virulent, encapsulated strain of Pasteurella multocida by extraction with cold, formalinized saline, and centrifugation at 105,000 x g. The original bacterial culture had been obtained from a bison that died of hemorrhagic septicemia, an infectious disease of cattle and buffalo. Injection of fractional milligram amounts of the antigen into mice, rabbits, and calves produced toxic reactions which frequently resulted in death of the host. The surviving animals demonstrated a high degree of immunity to challenge with live, virulent organisms. Two injections with 15 mug of the antigen produced a high degree of immunity in mice without the development of any signs of toxicity. The gross chemical composition and toxicity of the antigen were similar to those reported for endotoxins obtained by the Boivin or Westphal procedure. Although strong serological cross-reactions were obtained in Ouchterlony plates between the 105,000 x g antigens from the bison strain and an avian strain with antisera to these strains, these antisera agglutinated only the bacterial cells of the homologous strain. The active immunity obtained in mice by the injection of the 105,000 x g antigens of each strain was specific and could be correlated with the agglutination tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Experimental hemorrhagic septicemia: gross and microscopic lesions resulting from acute infections and from endotoxin administration.

Gross and microscopic lesions observed in bovine and porcine hemorrhagic septicemia, and in bovine Pasteurella multocida endotoxemia are described. Widely distributed hemorrhages, edema, and general hyperemia were the most obvious tissue changes observed in the infected calves. Pneumonia was a constant lesion. Aerosol exposure produced a multiple focal fibrinosuppurative pneumonia, while intranasal and intramuscular inoculation resulted in generalized interstitial pneumonia. A slight lymphadenitis and degenerative changes in hepatic and renal parenchymal cells were also observed. The predominant lesions observed in infected pigs were a diffuse, extensive, fibrinous pneumonia and fibrinous polyserositis. Edema and general hyperemia were observed, but the widespread hemorrhages which occurred in the calves were not present. Acute lymphadenitis and renal tubule vacuolar degeneration were observed. A slight amount of cloudy swelling and focal areas of necrosis were found in the liver. Lesions in a calf that died following administration of Past. multocida endotoxin were widely distributed hemorrhages, edema, and general hyperemia. These lesions were especially evident in the lungs, and indicated widespread vascular alteration.

Aerosols↗