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Biomedical subjects

K L Lichstein

Publications and source records attributed to K L Lichstein.

41 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The frontal electromyographic adaptation response. A potential source of confounding.

Undergraduates were recruited to provide a descriptive analysis of the frontal electromyographic (EMG) adaptation response. Following placement of sensors, subjects were instructed to lie quietly for 15 minutes. Averaging data across subjects, a statistically significant adaptation response was produced in the direction of relaxation that required about 11 minutes to stabilize. The adaptation course varied greatly among subjects as a function of the initial EMG value. A criterion of stability was recommended that would individualize the adaptation period.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1976

The ecological assessment of an autistic child.

The behavior of an autistic child was observed in his natural environment. Observations were made in three settings, over approximately 6 months. Sixteen behaviors of the child and six behaviors of adults and peers were recorded. A cluster analysis was performed to identify response classes within the behavioral structure of the child and to see if correlations existed between response and stimulus events. To examine intra- and intersetting changes, Spearman rank correlations and t tests were also computed. The autistic child exhibited a diversity of behavior over time in a given setting and across settings. He persistently ignored other nonautistic children, although he was responsive to adults. Response classes reflected an inverse correlation between the child's self-stimulatory behaviors and his attentiveness to the environment. Elevated levels of adult attention were consistently related to reduced levels in most self-stimulatory behaviors. Two response classes showed inverse relationships between self-stimulatory behaviors. Reducing the frequency of some self-stimulatory behaviors might cause increases in others.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Employing electric shock with autistic children. A review of the side effects.

The use of electric shock in a punishment paradigm has continued to be a highly controversial issue in the treatment of autistic children. While the experimental literature argues for the effectiveness of the procedure for reducing maladaptive behaviors, some clinicians and researchers have expressed fear of possible negative side effects. The reported side effects of contingent electric shock were reviewed in an attempt to evaluate the validity of these fears. The review indicated that the majority of reported side effects of shock were of a positive nature. These positive effects included response generalization, increases in social behavior, and positive emotional behavior. The few negative side effects reported included fear of the shock apparatus, negative emotional behavior, and increases in other maladaptive behavior. The implication of these findings for the use of the shock procedure are discussed in terms of correct usage of the shock, therapist reservations, and alternative procedures.

Autistic Disorder↗