Synthesis of methyl 2-O-(sodium alpha-L-fucopyranosyl 3- and 4-sulfate)-alpha-L-fucopyranoside.
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Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
K L Matta
Publications and source records attributed to K L Matta.
Synthesis of some D-mannosyl-oligosaccharides containing the methyl and 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannopyranoside units.
Methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside (2), methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-mannopyranoside (11), and 4-nitrophenyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-mannopyranoside (12) were each condensed with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl bromide (1) in the presence of mercuric cyanide, to give after deprotection, methyl 2-(5) and 6-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside (15), and 4-nitrophenyl 6-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside (20), respectively. A similar condensation of 11 with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-a lpha-D- mannopyranosyl bromide (21) and 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-a lpha D-mannopyranosyl bromide (25), followed by removal of protecting groups, afforded methyl O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----2)-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta -D- mannopyranoside (24) and methyl O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta -D- mannopyranoside (28), respectively. Bromide 25 was also condensed with 12 to give a trisaccharide derivative which was deprotected to furnish 4-nitrophenyl O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta-D - mannopyranoside (31). Phosphorylation of methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside and 15 with diphenyl phosphorochloridate in pyridine gave the 6'-phosphates 6 and 16, respectively. Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl and phenyl groups provided methyl 2-O-(disodium alpha-D-mannopyranosyl 6-phosphate)-beta-D-mannopyranoside (7) and methyl 6-O-(disodium alpha-D-mannopyranosyl 6-phosphate)-beta-D-mannopyranoside (17) after treatment with Amberlite IR-120 (Na+) cation-exchange resin. The structures of compounds 5, 7, 15, 17, 20, 24, 28, and 31 were established by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)- (1----2)-O-(4-O-methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1----6)-beta-D-glucopyr anoside. A potential specific acceptor-substrate for N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT V).
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Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Human leukemic myeloblasts and myeloblastoid cells contain the enzyme cytidine 5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid:Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha (2-3)-sialyltransferase.
We have examined the role of CMP-NeuAc:Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-R alpha(2-3)-sialyltransferase in fresh leukemia cells and leukemia-derived cell lines. Enzyme activity in normal granulocytes using Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha-o-nitrophenyl as substrate was 1.5 +/- 0.7 nmol/mg/h whereas activity in morphologically mature granulocytes from 6 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was 4.2 +/- 1.6 nmol/mg/h (P less than 0.05). Myeloblasts from 5 patients with CML in blast crisis showed enzyme activity levels of 6.5 +/- 2.5 nmol/mg/h. From 2 patients with CML, both blasts and granulocytes were obtained, with higher enzyme activity in the patients' blasts (7.1 nmol/mg/h) than in their granulocytes (4.9 nmol/mg/h) in both cases, suggesting that the increase in enzyme activity is related to the differentiation or proliferation status of the CML cells. However, similarly high enzyme levels were also seen in myeloblasts from acute myeloblastic leukemia patients (5.6 +/- 1.4 nmol/mg/h) and in some acute myeloblastic leukemia-derived cell lines (KG1a and HL60), suggesting that increased levels of this enzyme are not directly correlated with the presence of the Ph1 chromosome. This alpha(2-3)-sialyltransferase activity can also be detected in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and exhibits increased activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These data suggest that the level of enzyme activity may vary with growth rate and maturation status in myeloid and lymphoid hemopoietic cells. Finally, we have identified a glycoprotein in acute myeloblastic leukemia cells that serves as a substrate for the alpha(2-3)-sialyltransferase. The desialylated form of the glycoprotein was resialylated in vitro by the purified placental form of this alpha(2-3)-sialyltransferase and exhibits a molecular weight of about 150,000.
Blast Crisis↗
Synthesis of benzyl O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2- acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside [benzyl 2'-O-methyllacto-N-bioside I], and its higher saccharide containing an O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group as a potential substrate for (1---4)-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase.
Treatment of benzyl O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2- deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside with tert-butylchlorodiphenylsilane afforded the 6'-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ether, which was converted into the 3',4'-O-isopropylidene derivative. Methylation and subsequent removal of protecting groups afforded benzyl O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)- (1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7). The trisaccharide methyl O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2- acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-beta-D-galactopyranosi de (17) and the tetrasaccharide O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b eta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-glucopyran ose (32), both containing the 2'-O-methyllacto-N-biose I unit at the nonreducing end, were synthesized, and the structures of 7, 17, and 32 were confirmed by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Synthesis of methyl O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(2- acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-beta-D- galactopyranoside and 4-nitrophenyl O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-beta-D-galactopyranoside.
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Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Human splenic galaptin: carbohydrate-binding specificity and characterization of the combining site.
A galactose-binding lectin (galaptin) from human spleen has been purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-Sepharose. The carbohydrate-binding specificity of galaptin has been investigated by analyzing the binding of galaptin to asialofetuin in the presence of putative inhibitors. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that involved adsorption of asialofetuin to microtiter plates. Galaptin bound to asialofetuin was detected with polyclonal rabbit anti-galaptin serum followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate. The concentrations of inhibitors giving 50% inhibition of galaptin binding relative to controls were graphically determined and normalized relative to galactose or lactose. These analyses revealed that galaptin has a combining site at least as large as a disaccharide. The disaccharides having non-reducing-terminal beta-galactosyl residues linked (1,3), (1,4), and (1,6) to Glc or GlcNAc are better inhibitors than free Gal. GalNAc, either free or glycosidically linked, appears to have no affinity for the lectin. The nitrophenyl galactosides are better inhibitors than methyl galactosides, indicating the occurrence of hydrophobic interactions. The data indicate that OH groups at C-4 and C-6 of Gal and the OH at C-3 of GlcNAc in Gal beta(1,4)GlcNAc are important for lectin sugar interaction. Our data support the hypothesis that endogenous receptors for galaptin are most likely lactosaminoglycan moieties.
Binding Sites↗
Synthesis of some monodeoxyfluorinated methyl and 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannobiosides and a related 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannotrioside.
Treatment of methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha -D- mannopyranoside with N,N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (Et2NSF3), followed by O-deacetylation and catalytic hydrogenolysis, afforded methyl 2-O-(6-deoxy-6-fluoro-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (8). Methyl 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (11) was similarly obtained from methyl 3-O-benzyl-2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-D- mannopyranoside. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-beta-D-mannopyranose (13), used for the synthesis of the 4-nitrophenyl analogs of 8 and 11, as well as their 3-O-linked isomers, was obtained by treatment of 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-mannopyranose with Et2NSF3. Treatment of 13 with 4-nitrophenol in the presence of tin(IV) chloride, followed by sequential O-deacetylation, isopropylidenation, acetylation, and cleavage of the acetal group, afforded 4-nitrophenyl 4-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (18). Treatment of 13 with HBr in glacial acetic acid furnished the 6-deoxy-6-fluoro bromide 19. Glycosylation of diol 18 with 20 gave 4-nitrophenyl 4-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-3-O- (21) and -2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D- mannopyranoside (23) in the ratio of approximately 2:1, together with a small proportion of a branched trisaccharide. 4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside was similarly glycosylated with bromide 19 to give 4-nitrophenyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O- and -2-O-(2,3,4-tri- O-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranosid e. The various di- and tri-saccharides were O-deacetylated by Zemplén transesterification.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Use of benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactosyl)-beta- D-glucopyranoside [2'-O-methyllacto-N-biose I beta Bn] as a specific acceptor for GDP-fucose: N-acetylglucosaminide alpha(1----4)-L-fucosyltransferase.
A synthetic substrate, benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, was demonstrated to be a specific acceptor for the Lewis blood group-specified alpha(1----4)-L-fucosyltransferase from human saliva and stomach mucosa. The fucosyl linkage of the product resulting from the use of this substrate isolated by paper chromatography was characterized by hydrolysis with specific alpha(1----3)/(1----4)-L- fucosidase. The product can be separated by adsorption onto the reverse-phase cartridge and recovered by one-step elution with methanol. The enzymatic properties of alpha(1----4)-L-fucosyltransferase from saliva and stomach mucosa have also been examined using this substrate.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Serum alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and sialyl Lewis X-i antigen levels in lung cancer.
Serum alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity was measured in 58 patients with lung cancer, 27 benign diseases, and in 100 healthy controls. The levels of enzyme activity were significantly higher in the sera of patients with cancer when compared to those in benign diseases and healthy controls. The elevation of the enzyme activity correlated with the clinical stages and to the size of the primary tumors. Follow-up studies with various stages showed that the enzyme activity was useful in tracking the clinical course of disease after surgery. To evaluate the usefulness of this enzyme as a diagnostic marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and sialyl Lewis X-i antigen levels were also measured. The results indicate that alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase could be a more specific tumor marker than such tumor-associated antigens in lung cancer.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
Synthesis of some oligosaccharides containing the O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy- beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----2)-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl unit. Potential substrates for UDP-GlcNAc:alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-N-acetyl-beta-D- glucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V).
Four different oligosaccharides containing the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-alpha-D-mannopyran osy l sequence as a terminal disaccharide unit were synthesized, namely: 4-nitrophenyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----2)-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta-D- mannopyranoside (27), 4-nitrophenyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----2)-O-alpha-D-mann opy ranosyl - (1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (29), allyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----2)-alpha-D- mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (31), and allyl O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----2)-O-alpha-D- mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-D-gluco pyr anoside (33). A common glycosyl donor, namely, 2-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl bromide was employed for the synthesis of 27, 29, 31, and 33, the structures of which were all established by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Isolation and characterization of amaranthin, a lectin present in the seeds of Amaranthus caudatus, that recognizes the T- (or cryptic T)-antigen.
A lectin (Amaranthin) present in the seeds of Amaranthus caudatus has been isolated by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose followed by affinity chromatography on Synsorb-T beads (Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha-O-R-Synsorb). The lectin appeared homogeneous by gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3 and gave a single protein band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Mr = 33,000-36,000. A native Mr = 54,000 was determined by gel filtration suggesting that amaranthin exists as a homodimer. Compositional analysis revealed high amounts of acidic and hydroxyamino acids and relatively large amounts of lysine, methionine, and tryptophan for a plant protein. Amaranthin formed a precipitate with asialo-bovine submaxillary mucin, asialo-ovine submaxillary, porcine submaxillary mucin, asialo-fetuin and asialoglycophorin. Hapten inhibition of precipitate formation between amaranthin and asialo-ovine submaxillary indicated that the T-disaccharide and its alpha-linked glycosides (Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha-O-R; R = OH, methyl, -(CH2)8-COOCH3, allyl, o-nitrophenyl, or benzyl) were the best inhibitors. N-Acetylgalactosamine, the only monosaccharide which inhibited precipitation, was 350-fold less effective than Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha-O-R. Hapten inhibition with derivatives of the T-disaccharide suggested that the C'-4 axial hydroxyl group of the galactosyl moiety, and the C-4 axial hydroxyl group, and the C-2 acetamido group of the GalNAc unit are the most important loci for lectin interaction. NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha-O-(CH2)8CO2CH3 was as potent an inhibitor as Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha-O-(CH2)8CO2-CH3, and amaranthin was precipitated by NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha-O-BSA (where BSA is bovine serum albumin), indicating that the amaranthin-combining site tolerates substitutions at the C'-3 hydroxyl group. Amaranthin was precipitated by a Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha-O-BSA glycoconjugate but not by the anomeric Gal beta 1,3GalNAc beta-O-BSA glycoconjugate illustrating that the disaccharide must be linked alpha in order to interact with the lectin. Metal ions do not appear to be required for lectin activity. A study of pH dependence showed significant precipitate formation between pH 4 to 9 with a maximum at pH 5. Hapten inhibition and glycoconjugate precipitation assays were also conducted for peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin. A comparison between the carbohydrate-binding specificities of amaranthin and peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin is discussed.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Separation by liquid chromatography (under elevated pressure) of benzyl and nitrophenyl glycosides of oligosaccharides.
Liquid chromatography under elevated pressure (l.c.) was employed for the separation of some benzyl and nitrophenyl glycosides of a variety of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharides. The separation was conducted on a Waters Carbohydrate Analysis column by use of a mixture of acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase. In general, monosaccharides emerged first from the column, followed sequentially by di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharides. It was observed that the pattern of substitution imparts a noticeable effect on the elution profiles of isomeric oligosaccharides. Also, substitution of a hydroxyl group with a methyl group, or its replacement with a fluorine atom, led to a substantial decrease in retention times of some oligosaccharides. Moreover, resolution was clearly enhanced, and retention times were congruently increased by decreasing the water content of the mobile phase.
Benzyl Compounds↗
Synthetic mucin fragments. Benzyl O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----6)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----6)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose.
Benzyl 2-acetamido-6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (2) was obtained by acetalation of its parent disaccharide with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in hot N,N-dimethylformamide and in the presence of 4-toluenesulfonic acid. Glycosylation of 2 with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (catalyzed by mercuric cyanide), followed by removal of the protecting groups afforded the title trisaccharide 7. A second product was also isolated, which was identified as a derivative of 7 having a 2-cyanopropyl group. Glycosylation of diacetal 2 with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl bromide (under catalysis by bromide ion), followed by systematic removal of the protecting groups furnished the title trisaccharide 13. The structures of both 7 and 13 were established by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
Crystal and molecular structure of methyl O-alpha-D-manno-pyranosyl-(1----2)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside.
The crystal and molecular structure of a synthetic mannosyl disaccharide, methyl O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----2)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, has been determined from X-ray diffractometer data by direct methods by use of the Multan programs. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2 with unit cell dimensions, a 8.086(1), b 9.775(1), c 9.975(2) A, beta 104.58(1) degrees, Z 2, and Dm 1.54 g/cm3. The structure was refined to an R-value of 0.033 for 1359 reflections measured with CuK alpha radiation. The mannopyranose units have the chair conformations 4C(D) with C-5' and C-2' deviating from the best plane through the other four atoms of the ring by -0.68 and +0.53 A in the nonreducing group, and C-3 and O-5 deviating from the mean plane through the other four atoms by +0.57 and -0.66 A, respectively, in the "potentially" reducing residue. The ring-to-ring conformation can be described as (phi, psi) = (-64.5, 105.5 degrees). The conformation across the C-5--C-6 bond is gauche-gauche in both the sugars. The crystal structure is stabilized by a network of intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
Synthetic antigens as immunogens: Part III. Specificity analysis of an anti-anti-idiotypic antibody to a carbohydrate tumor-associated antigen.
These investigations are centered on the development of anti-idiotypic and anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies to a structurally defined carbohydrate Ag, 3-O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (Fuc alpha 1----3Gal). Biologic association of this disaccharide Ag structure had previously been found with tissues from areas of benign and malignant disease of the colon and breast. The exquisite specificity of binding of the original Ab1, with the antibody-Ag reaction requiring both fucose and galactose and the alpha-anomeric 1----3 linkage, was repeated with the anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies. This information indicates that although antigenic mimicry of anti-idiotypic for Ag is accomplished using amino acids in place of sugars, the specificity pattern can be precisely reproduced.
Animals↗
Purification and properties of an N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectin from Psathyrella velutina mushroom.
A lectin in the fruiting bodies of Psathyrella velutina was purified by affinity chromatography on a chitin column and subsequent ion-exchange chromatography. P. velutina lectin (PVL) tends to aggregate irreversibly in buffered saline, but the addition of glycerol (10%, v/v) to lectin solutions was found to prevent aggregate formation. PVL is assumed to occur as a monomer of a polypeptide of Mr = 40,000 as determined by gel filtration and by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. PVL is specific for N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). It was determined by equilibrium dialysis to have four binding sites/polypeptide molecule showing an average intrinsic association constant of K0 = 6.4 x 10(3) M-1 toward this sugar. The binding specificity of the lectin was studied by hemagglutination inhibition assays and by avidin-biotin-mediated enzyme immunoassays using various GlcNAc-containing saccharides. The results indicate that methyl N-acetyl beta-glucosaminide was a slightly better inhibitor than the corresponding alpha-anomer. PVL binds well to oligosaccharides bearing nonreducing terminal beta-GlcNAc linked 1----6 or 1----3 but poorly to those having a 1----4 linkage, such as N-acetylated chito-oligosaccharides. It also binds to the subterminal GlcNAc moiety when it is substituted at the C-6 position but does not interact with the moiety when substituted either at C-3 or C-4. Thus, these results show that PVL is quite different in its binding specificity from other GlcNAc-binding lectins of higher plants since they bind preferentially to beta-GlcNAc in 1----4 linkage and they have a high affinity for chitin oligosaccharides.
Acetylglucosamine↗
Tumor-related elevation of serum (alpha 1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity in gastric cancer.
(alpha 1----3)-L-Fucosyltransferase activity was measured in serum samples from 90 gastric cancer patients, 10 patients with benign diseases and 100 healthy controls. The enzyme activity was significantly elevated in the serum samples of patients with cancer compared to those from patients with benign diseases (P less than 0.01) and healthy controls (P less than 0.001). The elevation of the enzyme activity was found to correlate strongly with the clinical stage of disease. The sensitivity of (alpha 1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase was also demonstrated to be high in comparison with the tumor-associated antigens, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and sialylated Lewis X-i. Follow-up studies of (alpha 1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase in 11 cancer patients with disease at different stages showed that the enzyme activity could be useful for monitoring the post-surgical course of the disease. These results suggest that (alpha 1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity has a clinically important potential as a tumor marker in gastric cancer.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗