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Biomedical subjects

K L Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to K L Schmidt.

119 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
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[The effect of local heat and cold packs on the skin temperature at the knee joint].

Using the infrared radiometer KT 41, skin temperature of the knee joint was measured in 5 healthy persons on five different points. With the same method skin temperature of knee joints was estimated after hot mud packs of 20 minutes duration and cold packs with frozen bags of 30 minutes duration. The highest temperatures were estimated near the popliteal space, the lowest temperatures on the patella. During 24 hours, a distinct periodical course of skin temperature could be observed. After the hot pack skin temperature of the treated joint significantly rose; after 1 hour the average temperature before heat application was reached again. After cold application with deeply frozen bags, skin temperature dropped drastically and remained colder than pretreatment temperature for almost 5 hours. Heat application did not influence skin temperature of untreated contralateral knee but during cold application also the temperature of untreated knee slightly decreased. Considering the correlation between skin temperature and intraarticular temperature of joints, the effect of local heating and cooling seems to be more intense than supposed and confirms the therapeutic benefit of heat and cold in rheumatology.

Circadian Rhythm↗
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[Thermometry in experimental inflammation. I. Studies on the circadian rhythm of the paw temperature in healthy rats and temperature behavior in acute inflammation after injection of kaolin, carrageenin and dextran].

Plantar paw skin temperature development was examined in 26 healthy male albino rats using Heimann's infrared thermometer KT 41. This examination was carried out on two groups of 12 and 14 male rats after intraplantar injection of kaolin, carrageenin, and dextran. Normal untreated animals showed a distinct circadian course of daily temperature, with minimal temperatures in the morning and maximal ones in the evening, and a mean difference of 3.9 degrees C. Among the phlogistic substances injected, kaolin proved to induce the most powerful increase in plantar skin temperature. It was followed by carrageenin; temperature increase in kaolin edema, however, started later than that induced by carrageenin. No pathological skin temperature increase was found after the injection of dextran. Physiological circadian temperature course, however, was modified in an undulating fashion. All phlogistic substances persistently disturbed thermoregulation in the inflamed rat paw. The comparison of temperature development in our experiments with paw swelling in similar models described in the literature did not always show a correspondence. Quantification of the intensity of experimental inflammations in animals using only a single parameter is thus not always adequate; under certain circumstances it can even lead to wrong conclusions. Nevertheless, infrared thermometry proved to be a very suitable method of estimating skin temperature as a parameter of inflammation.

Animals↗
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[Thermometry in experimental inflammation. II. Studies of the effect of local cold application on the skin temperature of the rat's paw in experimental inflammation].

In continuation of earlier thermometric investigations on experimental inflammations in rats we studied the effect of a single local cold application on paw skin temperature after injection of caolin , carrageenan and dextran. In all cooling experiments a highly significant drop of skin temperature of the inflamed paw could be demonstrated which came up to an average of 17 degrees C. However, the further course of skin temperature was very different. In caolin edema, the skin of the inflamed paw rewarmed quickly; after injection of carrageenan and dextran the skin temperature was significantly low after 60 min, but it exceeded the values later on. These results demonstrate that local cooling significantly influences experimental inflammations. Depending on different etiology and pathogenesis, however, the reaction of inflammation on cooling is very different.

Animals↗
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[Fatal pulmonary fibrosis caused by gold therapy?].

The case of a 33-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed a severe pulmonary fibrosis during chrysotherapy of 3.5 months' duration is reported. The course of the fibrosis was progressive and led to respiratory insufficiency and death. The microscopic picture revealed a honeycomb lung with perialveolar proliferation of connective tissue and mononuclear cell infiltration. The clinical and temporal circumstances gave evidence that this pulmonary fibrosis is possibly to be interpreted as a gold-induced lung disease, though a causal connection could not be established with absolute security. However, gold-induced pulmonary fibrosis is usually completely reversible and has no fatal outcome: this would be the first report of a lethal outcome of a gold-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical data of 39 further cases of gold-induced pulmonary fibrosis published elsewhere are presented.

Adult↗
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[Polymorphic ocular involvement in relapsing polychondritis: an early, not always recognized symptom].

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by arthropathy, inflammation of auricular and nasal cartilage, and various ocular complications. Potentially destructive inflammatory lesions involve cartilaginous structures and the cardiovascular system. In three reported cases multiple ocular complications and arthropathy were early symptoms of relapsing polychondritis.

Adult↗
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[Rheumatism and urogenital infection].

The antiinfectious treatment of rheumatic diseases is certainly very old, but it has gained increased significance as a result of new bacteriological and immunological findings. Urogenital infection as a possible trigger mechanism in reactive arthritides and ankylosing spondylitis was investigated particularly thoroughly. Many experimental, immunological and clinical results indicate a pathogenetic role of infections with chlamydia or mycoplasma in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. However, numerous tests on cultures proved negative, and many serological-immunological findings are inconsistent. The "link" between urogenital infection and rheumatic diseases is still unknown. Of particular interest are the relations between chlamydial prostatitis and ankylosing spondylitis. Earlier findings on the induction of osteogenesis from undifferentiated connective tissue cells by epithelial cells from the prostate could be a basis for further research.

Arthritis, Reactive↗
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[Inflammatory rheumatic diseases in old age].

Although in higher age degenerative diseases of the spine and joints preponderate, the portion of inflammatory rheumatic diseases is relatively high, and may raise difficult diagnostic problems. Prevalence of rheumatic fever, ankylosing spondylitis, gout and some connective tissue diseases starting in higher age is low and their course is more benign and milder than in earlier age groups. Chondrocalcinosis (pseudogout) and polymyalgia rheumatica are typical rheumatic diseases of higher age. Rheumatoid arthritis with first onset in higher age is also not rare. This disease may start explosively and may run a progressive course. Very hig blood sedimentation rate, early arthritis of shoulder joints and symptoms of a severe general disease often are the leading symptoms. Diagnostic similitarities with other diseases like malignant tumors or with paraneoplastic arthritis may mislead in diagnosis of senile rheumatoid arthritis.

Age Factors↗
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[Computerized tomography imaging of the lumbar spine in arthroosteitis pustulosa (case report)].

Computed tomography of lumbar spine in a case of pustulotic arthroosteitis demonstrates unusual proliferative changes of syndesmophytes and of the vertebral body. The osseous structures look "frayed out" and resemble the changes of sternoclavicular hyperostosis in early stages. A three dimensional picture shows that these proliferative changes apparently consist of irregular strips of bone. In addition, the vertebral body is surrounded by a soft tissue structure which probably indicates a perivertebral inflammatory process. Radiological changes of the lumbar spine in pustulotic arthroosteitis seem to represent a form of inflammatory enthesopathy similar to sternoclavicular hyperostosis.

Adult↗
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[Characteristics of physical therapy in diseases of the musculoskeletal system in the elderly].

Physical therapy is application of different kinds of energy for treatment. It provokes reactions by stimulation using physiological principles. Physical measures induce immediate effects as well as long-term reactions with adaptation. In diseases of the locomotor system in higher age, physical therapy is applied for diminishing pain and stiffness, amelioration of metabolism and function and especially for the maintenance of functional independence. Also fitness, good health and self-confidence can be stimulated. The age-dependent pecularities of the locomotor system, the skin and the cardiovascular system should be taken into consideration. Each method of physical treatment (hydrotherapy, heat and cold treatment, massages, exercise treatment, electrotherapy) has its age-specific peculiarities, which should be known by the treating physician. Modification of treatment can become necessary also by the kind of the disease. Dosage and technics of physical therapy must be adapted individually and supervised carefully.

Aged↗
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[Ankylosing spondylitis and urogenital infection: diagnosis of urologic infection and correlation with rheumatologic findings].

We examined 134 male patients with confirmed ankylosing spondylitis. The study protocol included a medical-rheumatological examination and thorough exploration for infections of the urinogential tract. An urethroadnexitis was found in 37 of 134 patients (27.6%): Two patients suffered from balanitis, 17 patients from urethritis, 18 patients from prostatitis, and two patients from epididymitis. Only four patients gave a history of urethritis and eight patients of prostatitis. The microorganisms isolated most frequently from patients with urogenital infection were Chlamydia trachomatis and, in few cases, Ureaplasma urealyticum. By comparing the urethroadnexitis group and the non-infected group with regard to other clinical parameters, we found a significantly increased C-reactive protein in the infected group. Other clinical parameters like involvement of the free spinal column, inflammatory involvement of the joints, and HLA-B27 correlation did not differ significantly.

Adolescent↗