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Biomedical subjects

K L Vosti

Publications and source records attributed to K L Vosti.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Quantitative evaluation of three commercial blood culture media for growth of anaerobic organisms.

The ability of three different commercial blood culture media--brain heart infusion broth (Pfizer), thiol broth (Difco), and PRS-peptone broth (Becton, Dickinson & Co.)--to support the growth of five different anaerobes is described. Inocula of 100 and 1,000 colony-forming units per ml were used to evaluate potential differences in survival, lag time, growth rate, and doubling times of each anaerobe in each medium. In addition, each medium was evaluated for its ability to neutralize the antibacterial effects of whole blood. The results of this study indicate that the PRS-peptone broth is superior to brain heart infusion and thiol broths. Shorter lag times and accelerated generation times and growth rates were noted for more different anaerobes in the PRS-peptone broth. Neither the size of inoculum nor the addition of normal whole blood appeared to alter the survival or growth characteristics of the anaerobes in any medium. However, the addition of normal whole blood did extend the lag time of each anaerobe by approximately 1 to 2 h in each medium.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

The relationship of antibody-coated bacteria to clinical syndromes as found in unselected populations with bacteriuria.

In selected patients, detection of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) in voided urine has correlated with upper urinary tract infection. From unselected patients, we studied 350 consecutive urine specimens submitted to the diagnostic laboratory with colony counts greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml. In 19% (55) among 288 specimens selected for final analysis ACB occurred. There were no substantial differences in the occurrence of ACB by age or sex of patients or by species of bacteria. The relationship of ACB to clinical syndromes was: asymptomatic bacteriuria, 15% (27/178); cystitis, 8% (6/75); acute hemorrhagic cystitis, 67% (4/6); prostatitis, 67% (2/3); and acute pyelonephritis, 62% (16/26). Among seven clinical findings, only structural abnormalities of the upper urinary tract correlated with the presence of ACB. Failure of fever and leukocytosis to correlate with ACB probably reflected the presence of other associated primary medical or surgical conditions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Purification and characterization of group A streptococcal T-1 antigen.

A method is described for the recovery of purified T-antigen from crude trypsin extracts of an avirulent strain of M-1 protein deficient, T-type 1 group A Streptococcus. The purified T-antigen was resistant to enzymatic degradation with trypsin and pepsin, formed a single precipitin line with standard T-1 antiserum, failed to react with antisera for teichoic acid, group A carbohydrate, and cross-reactive protein antigens, stimulated only a single precipitin system when rabbits were immunized, contained glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, and serine as the five most predominant amino acids, and consisted of subunit size isomers.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

Comparative evaluation of three different commercial blood culture media for recovery of anaerobic organisms.

A comparison of three different commercial media was made to assess their recovery of anaerobic organisms from the blood stream. The three media used were the 50-ml brain heart infusion broth with added CO2 (Pfizer), the 50-ml Thiol broth with added CO2 (Difco), and the 50-ml prereduced, supplemented peptone broth in a Vacutainer tube with added CO2 (Becton-Dickinson). During a period of 17 consecutive months, 12,216 specimens of blood were processed with each broth. Aerobic or anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 913 specimens (7%). Seventy-four specimens (8%) of the total positive cultures contained anaerobic organisms. When potential contaminants were removed from the totals, 7% of the positive cultures contained anaerobic organisms and 7% of the patients with positive cultures had bacteremia with anaerobic bacteria. Of the three commercial blood culture media studied, the prereduced, supplemented peptone broth recovered more anaerobic organisms than did either the brain heart infusion or Thiol broths.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1976

Arizona hinshawii infections. New cases, antimicrobial sensitivities, and literature review.

Although disease caused by Arizona hinshawii is known to resemble the spectrum of clinical syndromes seen with Salmonella infections, little is known of their sensitivity to antimicrobials. We present three cases that are illustrative of Arizona sepsis, localized infection, or both; review the literature; and report sensitivities to 12 antimicrobials for 32 human and animal isolates of Arizona hinshawii from various geographic areas. With the exception of erythromycin and streptomycin, most strains were sensitive to many of the commonly used antibiotics. As with Salmonella infections, ampicillin or chloramphenicol appear to be the initial antimicrobial agents of choice for severe infections with A. hinshawii. Definitive antimicrobial therapy must be individualized on the basis of sensitivity testing and with regard to host factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A sequential study of various modes of skin and umbilical care and the incidence of staphylococcal colonization and infection in the neonate.

The rates of colonization and infection of newborns with coagulase-positive staphylococci were studied during five sequential periods using various modes of skin care in the nursery. Colonization and infection were low during the baseline period when total body bathing with 3% hexachlorophene was employed (period 1), but increased dramatically (80% colonization, 9.5% infection) when hexachlorophene was discontinued and replaced by Ivory Soap baths (period 2). Reinstitution of hexachlorophene (period 3) reduced both colonization and infection, but not to the low levels seen during period 1. A second Ivory Soap period (period 4) resulted in a return to high colonization (77%) and infection (11.5%) rates. During period 5, daily Ivory Soap baths were continued and bacitracin ointment was applied to the umbilical area at least three times daily. Colonization was reduced to 10% and infection to 3.0%. Bacitracin could not be detected in serum in 15 infants studied. Colonization with gram-negative enteric bacilli was highest while using hexachlorophene or Ivory-bacitracin, but no increase in gram-negative infections was seen. Colonization of newborns with non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci was not influenced predictably with various modes of skin care. The local application of bacitracin is a safe and effective method of controlling staphylococcal colonization and disease for infants in nurseries.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1975

Recurrent urinary tract infections. Prevention by prophylactic antibiotics after sexual intercourse.

Fourteen patients with chronic or multiple recurrences of infection of the urinary tract have self-administered a single oral dose of one of five antibiotics after sexual intercourse for periods of 19 to 111 months for a total of 761 months. Infections did not occur among 15 of 22 treatment periods. A total of 19 infections occurred while the patients were taking prophylactic medication, significantly less than the total of 90 infections recorded during the 705 months when these patients did not take prophylactic doses of antibiotics. Patients taking nitrofurantoin, a cephalosporin, or nalidixic acid had a significant reduction in the proportion of specimens of urine containing any Gram-negative bacteria. Serious toxic effects were not encountered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Characterization of a non-type-specific antigen(s) associated with group A streptococcal type 12 M protein.

The sharing of one and possibly two or more non-type-specific antigens by most strains of groups A, C, and G streptococci is described. With the exception of a single strain of Proteus mirabilis, this antigen(s) was not found among strains of groups B and D streptococci, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Salmonella sp. The non-type-specific antigen(s) could not be separated from M protein by fractionation with various saturations of ammonium sulfate or by column chromatography with calcium hydroxylapatite even though the latter method allowed the recovery of a fraction of M protein which was free of the cross-reactive antigen(s). The resistance of this non-type-specific antigen(s) to hot acid extraction and its sensitivity to treatment with trypsin differentiate it from the T and R antigens of group A streptococci, both of which are trypsin resistant. Co-precipitation of both type-and non-type-specific antigens occurred with type-specific antiserum and suggested that the type- and non-type-specific antigens represent either different, covalently bonded antigenic determinants on the same protein or different proteins noncovalently linked together.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fever in acute myelogenous leukemia.

Implications and course of fever were evaluated during hospitalization of 24 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Forty-five febrile episodes were identified. Fever present at admission was usually associated with a diagnosable and treatable infection; fever shortly after induction was self-limited; and fever during granulocytopenia was more likely to be associated with bacteremia. Bacteremia and pneumonia were the most common types of infection. Only Gram-negative bacteria and Candida were identified as causes of infection during life, with Pseudomonas and Klebsiella the most frequently isolated pathogens. Invasive candidiasis was a major postmortem finding. A delay in initiation of empirical treatment beyond the third day of fever was associated with an increase in mortality as was continuation of treatment for longer than 14 days.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1974

Variation in performance of the serum bactericidal test.

Questionnaires were sent to 37 diagnostic microbiology laboratories to assess their methods for performance of the serum bactericidal test. Of the 28 responding laboratories, 26 utilized the test, with considerable variation among methods. Culture and dilution media included Trypticase soy, Mueller-Hinton, brain heart infusion, Columbia broth, dextrose phosphate, and pooled human serum. Several different schemes for dilution of the test serum were employed, including both micro and macro methods. The greatest variation occurred in the size of the bacterial inoculum, with only eight laboratories having a method for standardization of the inoculum. Other differences included the time of incubation, the method of subculture, and determination of the bactericidal end point. These studies emphasize the need for assessment of the variables in the performance of this test and for the development of a standard method for diagnostic laboratories.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1973

Micromethod for serogrouping Escherichia coli.

A micromethod for serogrouping strains of Escherichia coli is described. The method is accurate, rapid, and economical in terms of time and reagents utilized to perform the test.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1971

Production of double zones of hemolysis by certain strains of hemolytic streptococci of groups A, B, C, and G on heart infusion agar.

This report describes the appearance of a double zone of hemolysis around surface colonies of certain strains of streptococci of groups A, B, C, and G incubated aerobically on sheep blood-Heart Infusion Agar. The occurrence of the altered hemolytic pattern was related to peroxide production by the organism. Anaerobic conditions and the incorporation of catalase into the agar abolished the double-zone pattern and caused reversion of the organisms to a beta-hemolytic pattern. The double-zone pattern can be confused with alpha hemolysis on surface growth.

Aerobiosis↗