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Biomedical subjects

K Lackner

Publications and source records attributed to K Lackner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Accuracy of cardiac CT and echocardiography in the diagnosis of space-occupying processes in the heart].

CT of the heart and echocardiography was performed on 107 patients with various space-occupying lesions of the heart. In addition, 27 patients were subjected to angiocardiography. A comparison of the findings has shown that cardio-CT is superior to two-dimensional echocardiography for demonstrating pericardial masses and intracavity thrombi. There was no significant difference as far as intracavity or intramural tumours were concerned. CT and sonography are superior to angiography in the diagnosis of cardiac space-occupying lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[MR tomography of hemophilic arthropathy of the knee joint].

The value of MR tomography in the diagnosis and follow-up of haemophilic arthropathy of the knee was studied in 40 examinations, using special surface coils. Good spatial resolution and reconstruction in various planes provide an accurate demonstration of the lesion, particularly of the intra-articular structures. Abnormalities of the synovia and of hyaline cartilage can be demonstrated. MR tomography is an important imaging method which is superior to sonography or CT in demonstrating complications resulting from the bleeding, such as effusions and haemarthroses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Human liver apolipoprotein B-100 cDNA: complete nucleic acid and derived amino acid sequence.

Human apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), the ligand on low density lipoproteins that interacts with the low density lipoprotein receptor and initiates receptor-mediated endocytosis and low density lipoprotein catabolism, has been cloned, and the complete nucleic acid and derived amino acid sequences have been determined. ApoB-100 cDNAs were isolated from normal human liver cDNA libraries utilizing immunoscreening as well as filter hybridization with radiolabeled apoB-100 oligodeoxynucleotides. The apoB-100 mRNA is 14.1 kilobases long encoding a mature apoB-100 protein of 4536 amino acids with a calculated amino acid molecular weight of 512,723. ApoB-100 contains 20 potential glycosylation sites, and 12 of a total of 25 cysteine residues are located in the amino-terminal region of the apolipoprotein providing a potential globular structure of the amino terminus of the protein. ApoB-100 contains relatively few regions of amphipathic helices, but compared to other human apolipoproteins it is enriched in beta-structure. The delineation of the entire human apoB-100 sequence will now permit a detailed analysis of the conformation of the protein, the low density lipoprotein receptor binding domain(s), and the structural relationship between apoB-100 and apoB-48 and will provide the basis for the study of genetic defects in apoB-100 in patients with dyslipoproteinemias.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

The hydronephrotic kidney of the mouse as a tool for intravital microscopy and in vitro electrophysiological studies of renin-containing cells.

Experimental hydronephrosis in mice has been studied with histological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and electrophysiological techniques to establish its value as a preparation for the investigation of glomerular microcirculation as well as the electrophysiological and biochemical properties of the renin-containing juxtaglomerular (JG) and vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells of the afferent glomerular arteriole. During developing hydronephrosis the kidney parenchyma becomes progressively thinner as a result of tubular atrophy, being, after 12 weeks, a tissue sheet of about 200 micron in thickness. In this preparation, the renal arterial tree, in particular the glomerular arterioles, and also the glomeruli can be easily visualized. This permits intravital microscopic studies or direct visual identification of JG and VSM cells for microelectrode impalement. In spite of complete tubular atrophy, the vascular system is well preserved. Ultrastructurally, JG and VSM cells as well as the axon terminals innervating the vessels are intact. The same holds for the glomeruli except for a certain confluence of the podocyte foot processes and a thickening of the basal lamina. Renin immunostaining and kidney renin content in the hydronephrotic organ correspond to those in control kidneys. In addition, renin release from this preparation can be stimulated in a typical manner by isoproterenol and inhibited by angiotensin II, indicating that the receptors controling renin release and the secretory mechanism itself are still intact. Electrophysiological recordings from JG and VSM cells show a high membrane potential (-75 mv), and spontaneous depolarizing junction potentials, owing to transmitter release from the nerve terminals. Inhibitors of renin secretion, e.g. angiotensin II, depolarize both cell types, whereas stimulators such as isoproterenol do not change the membrane potential. We conclude that the hydronephrotic mouse kidney is a suitable model for in vitro studies of the electrophysiology and biochemistry of the media cells of the afferent arteriole, as well as for in vivo studies of glomerular microcirculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Computed tomography of the heart. Technic for quantitative evaluation of the perfusion of the ischemic myocardial region. Experimental basis].

A CT standard procedure has been developed in six series of experiments, using 62 anaesthetised dogs in order to quantitative relative blood flow through ischaemic heart muscle. Measurements of cardiac dynamics by means of contrast media were less strictly controlled. The use of the standardised procedures with contrast injections is necessary because of the variable perfusion and washout intervals of the contrast in normal and ischaemic myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Determination of left ventricular global ejection fraction using ECG-gated cardiac computed tomography].

The left ventricular ejection fraction was calculated in 100 patients by means of ECG-gated cardio-CT and the results compared with those obtained by laevo-cardiography. A moderately good correlation of r = 0.736 was obtained. In general, CT under-estimated the ejection fraction. The normal range of the ejection fraction obtained by CT was 62.7% +/- 12.4%. Its specificity was high at 96%, but sensitivity was low, with 48.6%.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Results of percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage].

Significant reduction in serum bilirubin levels was obtained in 90.7% of 75 patients on whom percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage had been carried out, either immediately before operation or as a prolonged palliative procedure. The technical requirements, complications, mortality rate and length of stay in hospital are less than following palliative surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Serial computed tomography. Value of densitometric measurements in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the liver, pancreas and kidney].

By means of serial computer tomography it is possible to show changes in normal and abnormal tissues in the liver, pancreas, and kidney with characteristic contrast kinetics. Diagnosis can be improved by evaluating intra-vascular parenchymal contrast within the first minute after an intravenous bolus injection. A tissue diagnosis is not possible in the majority of lesions in the liver, but can usually be made in lesions of the pancreas and kidneys.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1985

[Value of computer tomographic determination of spleen size for the elucidation of splenic involvement within the framework of primary lymph node neoplasms].

The splenic index was determined in 155 persons, without evidence of splenic disease, in order to obtain a simple measure of splenic size. Subsequently 36 patients with malignant lymphomas and who then had their spleens removed were examined by CT. A comparison of the CT and pathological-anatomical findings showed that it is a valuable non-invasive method for diagnosing splenic involvement, having a specificity of 86%, sensitivity of 77% and accuracy of 83%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Quantification of vascular stenoses using digital subtraction angiography].

Experimental studies using vessel phantoms with varying stenoses have been carried out and a method has been developed for quantitative analysis of vascular stenoses using DSA. The digital information provides quantitative measurements of the amount of contrast within a vessel. The relative contrast density in the region of interest is measured by video densitometry and is proportional to the transverse area of the vessel. The relative densities in and proximal to the stenosis provides a quantitative measure of the relative degree of stenosis. The standard deviation does not exceed 7.5%.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

[Cavography in the digital subtraction technic].

Experience with 74 patients has shown that digital subtraction angiography is a suitable method for the demonstration of the vena cava. In 28 patients the examination was repeated by the conventional large film angiography procedure, but this added no significant information to help to solve the clinical problem. Electronic contrast enhancement permits lower concentrations of contrast to be used than for conventional techniques. Combined with a more selective use of films, this leads to a reduction in the cost of the examination.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Value and limits of the computed tomography of the heart.

In cardiac diagnosis we can observe an increasing replacement of the conventional invasive examination methods by less invasive or non invasive procedures. Non invasive examination methods are sufficient in the diagnostic work-up of ventricular function in coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathie, cardiac tumours and thrombi, calcifications, assessment of the bypass perfusion, pericardial disease, positional anomalies of the heart and the morphological changes caused by congenital cardiovascular defects. Invasive angiocardiography remains essential in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenoses, abnormal bypass perfusion, septal defects and in congenital cardiovascular defects in combination with intracardiac measurements of pressure and oxygenation.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1985

[Indications and results of portal shunt surgery].

Bleeding esophageal varices are treated in the first line as emergency by sclerosing procedures. Later on shunt surgery is still to be considered as an important definite procedure. Criteria to be met before surgery are discussed. In our experience the shunting procedure as described by Warren yields good results, low incidence of thrombosis and low lethality. In special cases subtotal esophagectomy can be performed, lethality being as low as after the Warren shunt. Repeating sclerosing over years in contrast carries a high risk of complications and death and does not prevent further bleeding safely enough.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Computed tomography and the clinical picture of carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

The clinical and computer tomographic findings in 142 patients with carcinoma of the body of the uterus have been compared. The CT findings at the first examination were then compared with the clinical results. The likelihood of a recurrence was related to infiltration of the parametrium. There was strong positive correlation between the CT findings during treatment and the probability of recurrences. The wealth of information provided by computed tomography makes any other form of investigation during tumour staging and during follow-up unnecessary.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Computed tomographic findings in portal hypertension secondary to liver cirrhosis. 3. Hemodynamic changes--angio-CT].

Contrast injection for angio-CT shows kinetic changes in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver when compared with normals. Contrast-duration diagrams show a higher aortic peak, low contrast and delayed contrast maximum in the liver and portal vein in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. On these criteria it is possible to distinguish patients with cirrhosis (n = 18) from normals (n = 16).

Hemodynamics↗