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Biomedical subjects

K Lammintausta

Publications and source records attributed to K Lammintausta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of psoriasis heliotherapy on epidermal urocanic acid isomer concentrations.

A noninvasive Finn Chamber sampling method and HPLC analysis were used to determine epidermal urocanic acid (UCA) concentrations of psoriasis patients during 4 weeks of heliotherapy on the Spanish Canary Islands and a follow-up period of 8 weeks. During heliotherapy the epidermal cis-UCA concentration increased from a mean initial value of 0.2 nmol/cm2 to a mean final value of 2.9 nmol/cm2. The total UCA concentration decreased during the first week of heliotherapy from an initial value of 5.5 nmol/cm2 to a nadir of 2.0 nmol/cm2. Thereafter, a steady increase was recorded in the total UCA level, with a maximum of 10.2 nmol/cm2 in week 2 of the post-treatment follow-up period. Suberythemal sun exposures caused near-maximal UCA isomerization, and during heliotherapy the cis isomer constituted 63.7-74.3% of the total UCA concentration. Clinical response of psoriasis to heliotherapy, however, seemed to be independent of UCA isomer levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A non-invasive chamber sampling technique for HPLC analysis of human epidermal urocanic acid isomers.

A new, non-invasive chamber sampling technique for HPLC analysis of human epidermal urocanic acid isomers is described. Easily processed samples are obtained in a rapid and non-invasive manner, without discomfort to the patient. HPLC data from chamber samples are reproducible, and recorded urocanic acid isomer levels are comparable to those measured in samples taken with tape stripping technique.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Prognosis of atopic dermatitis. A prospective study in early adulthood.

The course and development of atopic symptoms were followed up in 801 atopic dermatitis patients, in 207 allergic rhinitis or asthma patients, and in 517 control subjects. The patients were studied in the Dermatology Clinic during their teens and the follow-up studies were carried out at the ages of 22-41. Persistent or frequently relapsing dermatitis occurred in 77-91% of those who suffered from severe or moderate atopic dermatitis during their teens and in more than one half of those patients who only had mild dermatitis at the corresponding age. Atopic dermatitis had started in 13-17% of allergic rhinitis/asthma patients. At the time of the follow-up examination, severe dermatitis was seen in only six percent and moderate symptoms in 35% of atopic dermatitis patients. Dermatitis was generally seen in multiple loci: on the face, hands, extremities, and body. Deterioration of dermatitis in autumn and winter was experienced by one third to 88% of the atopic dermatitis patients. Psychic stress was experienced as a major aggravating factor in one half to two thirds of atopic dermatitis patients. Prick test positivity occurred in 62-89% of the dermatitis patients. Animal allergens, molds, grasses, birch, and house dust mite were the most common allergens. Associations between evident allergen exposure and deterioration of the dermatitis occurred in individual cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lymphocyte migration into the skin: the role of lymphocyte homing receptor (CD44) and endothelial cell antigen (HECA-452).

Lymphocyte migration into the lymphoid organs and sites of inflammation is controlled by lymphocyte-endothelial cell interaction at sites where lymphocytes exit from the blood. Expression of Hermes-defined CD44 class of lymphocyte homing receptor and HECA-452 antigen specific for high-endothelium-mediating physiologic lymphocyte extravasation was studied in dermatitis herpetiformis, celiac disease, psoriasis, mycosis fungoides, lymphocytosis cutis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis. Also, duodenal biopsies of patients suffering from dermatitis herpetiformis or celiac disease were studied for existence of these antigens. Infiltrating lymphocytes in the skin and in the duodenal area expressed homing receptor molecules when studied with monoclonal antibodies, Hermes-1 and Hermes-3, that recognize the CD44 class of molecules involved in lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules in peripheral lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues, and inflamed synovium. However, the HECA-452 antigen was not detected on the venules, neither in the skin nor in the duodenum. Even the venules possessing high endothelium morphologically were HECA-452 negative. These findings suggest the CD44 class of lymphocyte homing receptor(s) is also involved in lymphocyte homing to inflamed skin and the duodenal area of the gut. However, on the basis of HECA-452 staining, high endothelial venules in inflamed skin and duodenum are not antigenically identical with high endothelial venules in organized lymphoid tissues. This finding indirectly supports the idea that molecules and/or mechanisms mediating lymphocyte extravasation might be distinct in these organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nickel sensitivity and the course of atopic dermatitis in adulthood.

The course of dermatitis was followed in nickel-sensitive and nickel-negative atopic and non-atopic patients. Manifest dermatitis was seen in 70% of the nickel-allergic and in 64% of the nickel-negative female atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Those atopic subjects who had minor symptoms in their teens suffered more from dermatitis if they had developed nickel allergy (p less than 0.025). Hands and the head region were the most common sites for current dermatitis in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Tendency to irritation: sensitive skin.

The plausibility of the concept of "sensitive skin" evokes discussion and often amusement, because of the variance of the number of opinions compared with the amount of data, at least until recently. This report presents recent biologically oriented data that suggest that sensitive skin is a reality and is assessable with the use of contemporary methods.

Body Water↗
PubMed1989

PUVA treatment of nickel contact dermatitis: effect on dermatitis, patch test sensitivity, and lymphocyte transformation reactivity.

Five females with nickel contact allergy and longstanding hand dermatitis were treated with oral methoxsalen and a series of whole-body UVA irradiations with a cumulative UVA dose of 30 to 58 J/cm2. Lymphocyte stimulation to nickel sulphate was determined prior to PUVA therapy, and monitored during the treatment and at 1 year after treatment. In 4 patients the cutaneous threshold to nickel sulphate patch testing was determined immediately post-PUVA and at 1 year. In all cases, the dermatosis cleared during the PUVA treatment. In 2 patients the immediate post-PUVA skin nickel reactivity was low compared with the 1-year follow-up value, while in 2 patients a progressive diminution of the skin reactivity was noticed. One patient was in clinical remission and had negative skin test at 1-year follow-up. In spite of diminished cutaneous sensitivity and/or clinical remission, the sensitivity of blood lymphocytes to nickel was approximately the same or increased, as determined by the lymphocyte transformation test. Thus no evidence was found to indicate that systemic, nickel-specific suppressive immune regulative mechanisms would have been activated by the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Mast cells and IgE in intestinal mucosa in adult atopic dermatitis patients.

Duodenal biopsies from 29 adult atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with multiple positive skin prick test reactions were examined and the results compared with biopsies from 13 non-atopic controls. The duodenal mucosa showed mild inflammatory changes in six out of the 29 patients, but was normal in all the controls. Numerous anti-IgE positive cells, increasing with the severity of AD, were found in the duodenal mucosa in 25 of the 29 AD patients compared with few sporadic positive cells seen in only two out of 13 controls (P less than 0.001). The total serum IgE level showed a significant positive correlation with the number of anti-IgE stained cells in the mucosa (P less than 0.05). No significant differences were found in the total number of toluidine blue stained cells or cells immunoreactive for histamine between patients and controls. However, AD patients who had high numbers of anti-IgE positive cells often had decreased numbers of histamine immunoreactive cells in the mucosa suggesting mast cell degranulation. These findings provide further evidence that also in adult AD patients the gastrointestinal tract may serve as a portal of entry for allergens which may lead to exacerbation of AD.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Susceptibility to cumulative and acute irritant dermatitis. An experimental approach in human volunteers.

Reactivity to repeated daily sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) applications and patch test reactivity to SLS was studied in 23 females. Skin changes were quantified by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dielectric water content (DEWC), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and visual scoring (VS). Dermatologic histories (HS) and susceptibility to sunburn (ST) were obtained and clinical skin dryness evaluated (DS). Great interindividual variation occurred in the degrees of changes in the biophysical parameters measured: the variation was most apparent in TEWL. The subjects with HS 1 or more developed greatest TEWL increase after open SLS applications (p less than 0.05). DS showed poor correlation with SLS reactivity and only minor DEWC alterations were seen. ST showed some non-significant correlation with erythema reactivity in the patch test.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Do positive nickel reactions increase nonspecific patch test reactivity?

The patch test reaction pattern in nickel-positive and -negative female patients was compared. Cobalt allergy was found in 24.8% of the positive patients. However, the occurrence of allergy to other common agents, i.e., neomycin, perfume mix, balsam of Peru and bacitracin, did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Even in patients allergic to nickel and cobalt simultaneously, the frequencies were comparable. Chromate and PPDA allergy was significantly commoner in nickel sensitive patients (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01). Erythematous or follicular reactions were seen most often to wood tars, propylene glycol, formaldehyde, cobalt, chromate and perfume mix. Reactions to propylene glycol and perfume mix were as frequent in both groups, whereas formaldehyde, cobalt and chromate caused reactions more often in nickel-positive patients (p less than 0.05) and wood tars in negatives (p less than 0.05). Follicular reactions developed especially in patients who were positive to nickel and cobalt. The total number of non-specific reactions was not overpresented in nickel sensitive patients, despite their multiple patch test reactivity.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Irritant reactivity in males and females.

Repeated, daily, open sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) applications caused slight alterations in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and dielectric water content (DEWC) in males and females. No erythema developed. Inter-individual variation in skin reactivity was demonstrated; sex-related patterns in reactivity to open cumulative irritant exposure did not exist. In patch testing with 0.5 and 1% SLS, reflecting acute irritation capacity, the reaction pattern, assessed by TEWL, DEWC, laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and visual scoring (VS), differed from that induced by open, cumulative SLS irritation. Again, inter-individual variation in the reactivity was demonstrated; significant sex-related differences did not develop. Individual reactivity showed considerable variation in acute and cumulative irritant response and was greater than the sex-related variation. We did not identify responses demonstrating that women have delicate (easily irritated) skin, nor that males have "tougher" skin than females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Human cutaneous irritation: induced hyporeactivity.

The variation in human skin response to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was determined with patch and open applications. Reactions in different subjects and in multiple simultaneous patch tests were compared. Skin responses were assessed with visual scoring (VS), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Previous open, unpatched SLS exposure decreased patch test reactivity to 1% SLS assessed with VS (p less than 0.05) or LDV (p less than 0.05). Corresponding TEWL alteration was inconstant. Variation in reactivity at different test sites in multiple simultaneous tests was considerable, though less than the variation at different test times (p less than 0.05). Inter-subject variation in test reactivity was greater than the variation between different test times or adjacent test sites. Repeated open applications and the subclinical dermatitis appear to have produced a hyporeactive state. The results suggest that non-specific skin inflammation is elicited by multiple factors, e.g., stratum corneum integrity and vascular reactivity. Their balance determines the ensuing reactions. The induced hyporeactivity may be one of many causes of false negative diagnostic patch tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Experimental nickel sensitization in the guinea pig: comparison of different protocols.

3 different sensitization protocols were compared for inducing delayed-type nickel contact hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. Open epicutaneous sensitization (OE) induced nickel allergy in 11/22 (50%) guinea pigs. When intradermal injections of Freund's complete adjuvant into the nickel-painted skin was added to the same protocol, 4/13 (31%) became sensitized. The guinea pig maximization protocol induced nickel allergy in only 7/31 (23%) of the animals. Compared with the 2 other methods, animals sensitized with open epicutaneous applications reacted more rapidly (maximum at 6 h) and strongly (2+ reaction in 12/22 of animals) in previous patch test sites upon systemic (i.p.) nickel challenge. Open epicutaneous sensitization of guinea pigs should be a useful model for studying cellular and immunological mechanisms in nickel contact sensitivity.

Administration, Topical↗